Experiment 1 (A)

NOTE:

• Kindly write this experiment in your chemistry practical file.

• Go through the web link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIe3zbV1Gck attached in your wed
content to get an idea of the experiment.
• The live experiment will be shown to you whenever school reopens.

Aim: To study the properties of an acid (dil. HCl) by reacting it with

• Litmus solution (Blue and Red)

• Zinc metal
• Solid sodium carbonate.

Materials required: Test tubes, test tube stand, a dropper, litmus solutions (blue and red), hydrochloric
acid, zinc metal, sodium carbonate, candle, delivery tube.

Theory:

• Hydrochloric acid turns blue litmus red while it does not affect red litmus.
• Hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal to produce hydrogen gas.
o Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
• Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound when a burning candle is brought in contact with the gas.
• Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide.
o Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
• Carbon dioxide gas turns lime water milky (due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate) and
excess of carbon dioxide gas turns milky solution to transparent and colourless (due the formation of
soluble calcium hydrogen carbonate).
o Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) +H2O
o CaCO3(s) +H2O + CO2 → Ca(HCO3)2

Observation Table:

S. No Experiment Observation Inference

With litmus solution:
1. Dilute HCl + Blue litmus Blue litmus solution turns to red. Dilute HCl is acidic in
solution. nature.
2. Dilute HCl + Red litmus Red litmus solution remains red
solution.
With zinc metal:
1. Dilute HCl + zinc metal. Bubbles of a gas is produced The gas produced is
2. Test the evolved gas with Candle is extinguished gad gas burns with a hydrogen.
burning candle. pop sound.
With sodium hydrogen carbonate:
1. Dilute HCl + solid sodium A gas produced with brisk effervescence. The gas produced is
hydrogen carbonate carbon dioxide.
2. Pass the evolved gas Lime water turns milky
through lime water.
3. Pass the excess of evolved The milky solution turns to colourless.
gas through through
above milky solution.
Precautions:

• Use clean zinc granules.

• Always carry out the test for hydrogen with a very small volume of gas.
• For testing carbon dioxide always use freshly prepared lime water.