1. How does the word/phrases should be interpreted in the absence of legislative intent?

2. Progressive interpretation meaning

3. Statutory definition controlling statutory words should not be applied in the ff cases:
o Application creates incongruities
o Destroy its major purposes
o Becomes illogical as a result of change in its factual basis

2. If there are two or more interpretation how will this be resolved? The language that
should be used is the one that will tend to give rise to the legislative intent/meaning.
3. What is Noscitur a sociis
4. Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguire debemus- where the law does not distinguish,
the court should not distinguish
5. Trinidad v Bermudez – the term “or” may mean “and”; sometimes lang – THE ANSWER
IS YES.
6. SMC v Municipality of Mandaue – another example of “or” means successively
7. QUIZ Q: What is a saving clause?
8. What is the primary purpose of a proviso?
9. What is the distinction between proviso and exception?
10. What is doctrine of last antecedent
11. When is the rule expression unius not applicable?