GABRIEL TABORIN COLLEGE OF DAVAO

FOUNDATION CASHIERING SYSTEM

A Capstone Project
Presented to the Faculty of Information Technology
Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation, Inc.
Lasang, Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

Augustus Ceasar A. Abo-abo

Jolaica H. Rivera

May 2022
 APPROVAL SHEET

This Capstone Project entitled Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation Cashiering
System prepared and submitted by Augustus Ceasar A. Abo-abo and Jolaica H. Rivera,
has been examined and recommended for oral examination, approval and acceptance.

MS. AGNES MATAS

Capstone Project Adviser

___________________________________________________________________________

APPROVED by the panel of examiners.

MR. CRISTOPHER M. AÑANA MS. AGNES A. MATAS

Chairman I.T Instructor

___________________________________________________________________________

ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science
in Information Technology.

MR. CHRISTOPHER M. AÑANA

I.T Program Head

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii-iv

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF FIGURES vi-vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT viii

ABSTRACT 1

Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Project 1
1.2 Purpose and Description 1-2
1.3 Statement of the Problem 2
1.4 Objectives 2
1.5 Scope and Limitations 2
1.6 Operational Definition of Terms 2-3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND SYSTEMS

2.1 Description 3
2.2 Review of Related Systems 4-6

3. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
3.1 System Process 6
3.2 System Pages 6
3.3 Database 6
3.4 Input, Process and Output 6-7
3.5 System Mockup Design 7-8
3.6 Hardware Requirements 8-9
3.7 Software Requirements 9-10

iii
4. METHODOLOGY
4.1 Gathering Student Data 10
4.2 Student Account 10
4.3 Update Account 10
4.4 Procedures 10-11
4.5 Requirements Gathering and Analysis Phase 11
4.6 System Design Phase 11-12
4.7 Implementation Phase 12
4.8 Testing Phase 12-13
4.9 Deployment of System Phase 13
4.10 Maintenance Phase 13

5. RECOMMENDATIONS 12

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Bibliography 13-14

Appendix B – Interview Letter 15
Appendix C – Letter for Grammarian 16
Appendix D – Grammarian’s Certification 17

iv
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Title Page

1 Hardware Requirements 8-9
2 Software Requirements 9-10

v
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Page

1 Student View Balance Form 4
2 Point of Sale and Inventory System 5
Capstone Project
3 Cashiering System with Student 5
Payment and Queuing Module
4 Cashiering System log in page for the 5
admin
5 Customer Receipt 6
6 System Process 6
7 System Page 6
8 MySQL Database 6
9 Data Entry 7
10 Payment System 7
11 Generate Invoice 7
12 Login Page 7
13 Registration Page 7
14 Dashboard Page 7
15 Student Page 7
16 Student Fees Page 8
17 Payment Page 8
18 Department Page 8
19 Inactive Student Page 8
20 Payment Report Page 8
21 Account Setting Page 8
22 Logout Page 8
23 Registrar Dashboard 10
24 Student Current Fee 10
25 Update Account 10
26 SDLC Waterfall Model 11
27 System Architecture 11

vi
28 ERD 11
29 System Flowchart 11
30 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor 12
31 XAMPP 12
32 Visual Studio Code 12
33 Black Box Technique 13

vii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their deep gratitude towards the following
people who made this research successful:

To the administration and staffs of Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation,

Inc., especially the finance head, Mrs. Arabella R. Medida, and the school cashier, Ms.
Marisa S. Tribunalo, for helping this research and for giving important matters and
knowledge for the study;

To our Capstone Project adviser, Ms. Agnes Matas, who taught the researchers how
to conduct the research, who guided and supported them from the very start up to the end of
this given task;

To Mr. Cristopher M. Añana, for the extraordinary experiences, constant guidance,

and for providing opportunities to the researchers to grow professionally;

To our parents, for the financial support, assistance, constant love and patience for the
several nights spent away for this research to be done on time; to Mr. Erwin Bebora for letting
the researchers stay in their house and for providing some goods; and

To our Almighty Father, who guided, kept the researchers away from any harmful
matters, enlightened researchers’ minds and gave wisdom and knowledge so that they can
understand well and answer the questions regarding this said task.

To God be the Glory!

viii
ix
 Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation
Cashiering System
Augustus Ceasar A. Abo-abo Jolaica H. Rivera
BS in Information Technology BS in Information Technology
Gabriel Taborin College of Gabriel Taborin College of
Davao Foundation, Inc. Davao Foundation, Inc.
+63 912 125 7668 +63 948 694 7681
augustusceasaraboabo@gmail.com jolaicarivera08@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Cashiering system is the heart of the company or
institution because it is where payments are made
and confidential records are stored. Even though the
other institutions have the equipment and are capable
of having an automated system, it cannot be denied
that the manual system remains to be useful because
of lack of knowledge on how to get such a system.
Cashiers are used to have their financial system
manually because they used to have less used to have
fewer students, but now with the increasing number
of students, many problems occurred. Billing and
recording the payments of the students were been
done manually. Recording is put into a columnar
journal, divided the whole book and gave space for
each student, and receipts have been done manually.
As a result, the employee consumes all the time just
by recording. As the researcher observed, the
institution surely needs to automate their system and
see the difference for themselves.
General Terms
Automated Cashiering System, Financial
Transactions
Keywords
Automated, Financial Account, Invoices
1. INTRODUCTION
In our generation, many changes happened. The rise
of technology has changed the way we live, work and
spend leisure time. The computer was considered the
lifeblood of society; people are everywhere and the
advancement in discoveries, both in hardware and
software, keep coming, day in and day out.
Technology changes and improves at a rapid pace
and companies and institutions need to cope with it.
This is because as the latest knowledge of
development in computer technology grows, people's
standards increase.
People seek and crave betterment and more efficient
ways to accomplish tiring tasks. At present, people
Cristopher M. Añana
Gabriel Taborin College of
Davao Foundation, Inc
+63 967 542 8053
crismisoles23@gmail.com
behind large and small companies and institutions
adopt modern technology to survive and compete
with markets and academic demands. Also, through
the use of this, different transactions and processing
systems have become computerized for greater ease
and accuracy.
An automated cashiering system is any system where
an input is provided and a machine or computer
carries out a process that produces an output. A
cashiering and student account system is a
combination of software and hardware that receives
service usage information, groups this information
for specific accounts or students, produces invoices,
creates reports for management, and records
payments made to student accounts.
1.1 Background of the Project
Most of the institutions and establishments that the
researchers visited are using systems to easily cater
the needs of the customers or clients. The system will
properly accommodate the needs of the students and
the parents in taking the statement of accounts.
It will provide an accurate, fast, and smart statement
of accounts to students which are updated for the
school administrator and the students. It will also
provide students to view their statements of account.
Cashiering System has different features that is a
perfect aide for the students, school administrators,
cashiers, and parents as well. It can process payments
and assessments of students. It can also view the
remaining balance of students in every department or
course. Administrators can modify the information of
students and cashiers. Furthermore, administrators
can also monitor the user's log like who and what
time the user (cashiers) used the system. Lastly,
administrators can also view the history of payments
and the remaining balance of students.
1.2 Purpose and Description
The researchers’ purpose of the proposed system will
discuss the project’s aim and its function in
facilitating automated financial transactions and
managing student accounts that will benefit students
and the cashier.
1
1.2.1 The system will be able to record students’
information and financial obligations which are
categorized in every department.
1.2.2 The cashier can manage students’ financial
accounts by editing their information and payments.
1.2.3 The administrator can monitor the history of
payments and the remaining balance of students.
1.2.4 The system can generate students’ statement of
account, daily cash collection report (DCCR), and
student permit.
1.2.5 Financial transactions will be secured from
intruders and will keep records in times of fire
through back-up on the system.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
The researcher observed the increasing number of
students encountering many problems, especially in
the accounting department. It has become a problem
for the institution, students, and employees. Hence,
the following are:
1.3.1 Having a manual system that manually records
information and financial transaction that are prone
to data loss;
1.3.2 Consumes a lot of time in manual recording
and scanning of a particular student;
1.3.3 Does not have data back-up in times of
incidents like fire or flood; and
1.3.4 Prone to errors and security breaches that risk
data’s confidentiality and integrity;
1.4 Objectives
1.4.1 General
The main objective of this study is to design, develop
and implement the automated cashiering system that
will replace the manual process.
1.4.2 Specific
1.4.2.1 To speed up the cashiering services through
the automation of recording student accounts.
1.4.2.2 To keep financial records in an efficient way
and one storage area.
1.4.2.3 To generate hard-copied financial statements
easily.
1.4.2.4 To back-up records and keep them in a safe
place in case of fire and theft.
1.4.2.5 To monitor the history of payments through
system logs.
1.5 Scope and Limitations
1.5.1 Scope
This part of the research focuses on the system’s
features and functions. This emphasizes the
following points in particular:
1.5.1.1 Accurate and timely recordkeeping of
financial transactions and statement of accounts;
1.5.1.2 Less-time consuming to access student’s files
during the payment record;
1.5.1.3 Easiness of using and managing the accounts
of students;
1.5.1.4 Protection to the confidentiality of the
student’s account records; and
1.5.1.5 Establishment and maintenance of students’
financial accountability.
1.5.2 Limitations
This section discusses the limitations of the study.
Particularly, these compromises the following:
1.5.2.1 Paying students' financial accounts using
credit cards are not available;
1.5.2.2 The project does not provide SMS
notifications after the payment;
1.5.2.2 The system is exclusively designed for the
GTCD cashier and is based on the requirements and
recommendations provided; and
1.5.2.4 The system is only limited to a financial
transaction, therefore, any other system like
enrollment and grading system is not included.
1.6 Operational and Definition of
Terms
The following terminologies have been defined to
help understand the terms used in this study:
1.6.1 Accountability- the fact or condition of being
accountable; responsibility.
1.6.2 Bottleneck- a point of congestion in a
production system that occurs when workloads arrive
at a point more quickly than that point can handle
them.
1.6.3 Columnar journal- any accounting journal
that has more than one column.
1.6.4 Dilemma- a situation in which a difficult
choice has to be made between two or more
alternatives, especially equally undesirable ones.
1.6.5 Financial obligation- any outstanding debts or
regular payments that a party must pay.
1.6.6 Financial record- documents that provide
evidence of or summarize business transactions.
2
1.6.7 Financial transaction- an agreement, or
communication, between a buyer and seller to
exchange goods, services, or assets for payment.
1.6.8 Invoices- a list of goods sent or services
provided, with a statement of the sum due for these; a
bill.
1.6.9 Inventory System- the process by which you
track your goods throughout your entire supply
chain, from purchasing to production to end sales. It
governs how you approach inventory management
for your business.
1.6.10 Manual system- a bookkeeping system where
records are maintained by hand, without using a
computer system.
1.6.11 NORSU-G- Negros Oriental State University-
Guihulngan Campus
1.6.12 Offline System- not connected to or served by
a system and especially a computer or
telecommunications system.
1.6.13 POS (Point-Of-Sale)- refers to the place
where customers execute payments for goods or
services. POS systems provide companies with sales
and marketing data.
1.6.14 Recordkeeping- the maintenance of a history
of one's activities, as financial dealings, by entering
data in ledgers or journals, putting documents in
files, etc.
1.6.15 SMS (Short Message Service)- a system for
sending text messages from one cellphone to another.
1.6.16 Statement of account- a document that
reflects all transactions that took place between you
and a particular customer for a given period of time.
1.6.17 Student account- an account where a
student's educational fees are posted and billed.
1.6.18 System logs- a record of operating system
events.
1.6.19 Terminology- The body of terms used with a
particular application in a subject of study,
profession, etc.
1.6.20 Window-based- software that is designed to
work on a computer running the Microsoft Windows
operating system.
2. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
2.1 Description
The researcher cited some related studies to support
the group documentation in addressing relevant
solutions and connect it to some studies which are
described as follows:
2.1.1 Comparative Analysis of
Computerized Accounting System and
Manual
This study assesses the comparative analysis of
computerized accounting system and manual
accounting system of quoted Microfinance Banks in
Nigeria from 2006-2015. Three hypotheses were
formulated in line with objectives of the study. Ex-
post facto research design was adopted and the data
for the study were obtained from fact books, annual
reports and account of the quoted Microfinance
banks under study. Paired sample T- test was used to
test the hypotheses, at 5% significant level with aid
of SPSS version 22 statistical software. Findings
showed that computerized accounting system has a
positive effect on the reported profitability of banks
more than manual system of accounting. Based on
these findings, the study recommends among others
that Microfinance banks should implement
computerized accounting system than the manual
accounting system because it has more positive effect
on the profitability level of the banks.[1]
2.1.2 Technology in Financial Services
Progressive financial services companies are on the
lookout for new technologies to improve efficiency
and speed of service, as well as provide a better
customer experience. Exponential growth in
information technology has prompted companies to
leverage the digitization of banking technology to
transform the financial services industry through
customer experience management. The financial
services industry is looking at improving online
customer service enabled by competition with
consumer brands like Amazon, Facebook, and
Google. Importantly, most of financial services
executives feel that improving the customer
experience is the top driver of digitization in
banking. The advent of smart analytics allows
financial services companies to mine the wealth of
consumer data to understand and service customers
better. Technology has also helped organizations
develop innovative financial services. The
development of better payment systems is a key
challenge for organizations. There is also the
possibility that robo-advisory will be a significant
application in the future. Similarly, blockchain-based
services will gain popularity in the coming years.
Digitization of financial services is an ongoing
revolution. Enterprises have the choice of making
innovation the focus of a stand-alone organization or
they may integrate it throughout their organization.
This demands “great engineering.” Firms will do
3
well to have a full stack of engineers who can
introduce dynamism to deal with innovation while
adopting a start-up approach. Financial services
organizations can tap the potential of the cloud to
make processes more transparent and collaboration
easier. Evolving technology is at the heart of efforts
to serve customers better through customer
experience management. Adopting new banking
technology is, therefore, critical for financial services
organizations to thrive.[2]
2.1.3 What is POS Software? Analysis of
Features, Benefits and Pricing
Transactions can easily fall through the cracks if you
are manually handling a high volume of payments
each day, especially during the pandemic when
mostly all transactions happen online. If left
unchecked, this can make for inaccurate reports,
sales that are unaccounted for, and difficult
bookkeeping. This is why many businesses rely on
point-of-sale (POS) solutions to streamline
everything from payment processing to inventory
tracking.
This article explored what POS software is, how it
works, its features, and its benefits. It also compiled
some examples of popular POS solutions. Consider
all these as guideposts so that when the time comes
for you to choose POS software, you will be in the
best position to make a well-informed decision.[3]
2.1.4 The Effects of Information
Technology on Financial Services
Systems
This report focuses on the relationship between
technology and change, both past and future, in the
financial service industry. The roles of technology as
both a motivator and a facilitator of change are
analyzed. Other agents of change are considered only
to the extent that they help define the market for new
technology or its impact. The financial service
industry is markedly different from what it was at the
end of the 1970s, and the rate of change will only
slow slightly during the remainder of the 1980s.
Advancing information and communication
technologies are key factors that have changed the
nature of financial services: the ways in which they
are created, delivered, priced, received, and used.
Relationships between and among users and
providers of financial services are changing.[4]
2.1.5 Development and Evaluation of a
Student Cashiering and Account
Management System (SCAMS) for the
Abra State Institute of Sciences and
Technology
Higher education institutions with manual enrolment
systems face the same dilemma of bottleneck usually
at the assessment and payment stages during
enrolment periods. The study aimed to develop and
evaluate the Student Cashiering and Account
Management System (SCAMS) for the Abra State
Institute of Sciences and Technology in Lagangilang,
Abra, Philippines. The development phase of this
study included the design of the SCAMS, which used
the Incremental Model, together with Unified
Modeling Language or UML. Specifically, the Use
Case Diagram (UCD) was used to model the
interaction between the system and its users. On the
other hand, the evaluation phase utilized two
methods: technical evaluation with system testing
and humanistic evaluation with the acceptability of
the system. A total enumeration of eight Cashiering
and Accounting staff and five IT experts served as
respondents of the study. The respondents highly
accepted the accuracy, efficiency, reliability, and
security features of the SCAMS. Across all features,
the SCAMS was consistently rated as “highly
acceptable.” This information confirmed the need to
automate the process used to perform transactions in
the Cashiering and Accounting Offices as well as
keeping the students’ account information. It is
recommended that the developed system will be
implemented to improve the quality of the existing
student cashiering and account management system
of the College and eventually, manage its students’
personal information.[5]
2.2 REVIEW OF RELATED
SYSTEMS
2.2.1 Description
To provide an overview of the proposed system, the
"GTCD Cashiering System", the researcher cited
some of the features that were related to the proposed
study.
2.2.2 Cashiering and Student Account
System
Figure 1. Student View Balance Form
4
Tyronsoft. Cashiering and Student Account System.
2012

This system is using Visual Basic 6.0 and MS Access

features. It can process payment and assessment of
students. It can view the remaining balance of
students, payment history, and the income of every
department or course. It can modify the information
of students and cashiers, as well as monitor the user's
logs. Also, it can view student balance and payment
history and backups or restore data on its database. In
addition, the system can also view the existing
balance and previous assessment of the students, and Figure 3. Cashiering System with Student
can view payment history for complete source code Payment and Queuing Module
and documentation.[6] Inettutor.com. Cashiering System with Student
Payment and Queuing Module. 2018
2.2.3 Point of Sale and Inventory System
Capstone Project The Cashiering System with Student Payment and
Queuing Module is intended for kinder, elementary,
and high school students. The said project focuses on
the assessment of payment, monitoring of student
balances, and queuing module.

The Cashiering System with Student Payment and

Figure 2. Point of Sale and Inventory System
Capstone Project
Inettutor.com. Point of Sale and Inventory System
Capstone Project. 2019
Queuing Module has three types of users;
administrator, cashier, and student. The administrator
has full access to the system while the cashier can
only access the cashiering or assessment module and
the student can only log in to their account and view
their payment history and remaining balance.[8]
2.2.4 NORSU-G Cashier System

The Point of Sale that we are going to developed will

help to make the process management become more
efficient and easier. It is a Solution designed with an
optimized and systematic Automated System that has
a user–friendly interface as well as a systematic and
automated approach for easier handling and the
improvement of the Data Management System. This
project demonstrates efficient and effective data and
sales and inventory management. It uses less time for
accessing data or information about the client and at
the same time makes the process become faster.

The objectives of the study are the following: make

the management system more efficient; data
consistent; and provide comfortable and easy
services for clients. An optimized and systematic
Point of Sale could easily track down the purchases,
expenses, and inventory records to improve cash
flow, visibility, and decision making. It will also
optimize the security and validity of the number of
supplies, sales, purchases, expenses every month.[7]
2.2.3 Cashiering System with Student
Payment and Queuing Module
Figure 4. Cashiering System log in page for the
admin
Latayan, R. Cashiering System on Students’
Accounts.2013
This is another difficult task to handle using a
manual system especially if there are a lot of
transactions that need to be summarized. The
summary of the collection will be submitted to the
admin for verification. In the developmental study
conducted by the researchers in 2013 for the manual
cashiering system in NORSU-Guihulngan Campus,
they developed a computerized cashiering system to
answer or overcome problems encountered by the
manual way of cashiering.[9]

5

2.2.5 Sales and Inventory Management
System
Figure 5. Customer Receipt
Aleem, R. Sales and Inventory Management
System.2013
Sales and Inventory Management System serves the
store as the replacement of old manual ways. The
project aims in providing the system with enhanced
and more flexible functions to the store. The
objective of the system is to provide functions in
managing goods in the store more efficiently. In
order to achieve the objectives derived, the scope of
the project will focus on the aspects such as database,
report generating, quality control (QA), and point of
sale of the store. Besides, the development of the
system will be based on an offline system or
window-based. [10]
3. TECHNICAL BACKGROUND
Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation, Inc.
Cashiering System is responsible for recording and
monitoring students’ financial accounts, payment
transactions, and generates student accounts.
3.1 System Process
Figure 6. System Process
3.2 System Pages
The system pages are where the user engages in data
entry and management. The researchers will be using
PHP (PHP: Hypertext Processor) language that is in-
charged of server-scripting to have an interactive
page, HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
provides the structure of the page, and CSS
(Cascading Style Sheet) helps to design the layout.
Figure 7. System Page
System Page. (2021). Retrieved 15 March 2022, from
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/925022/
3.3 Database
A database is an organized collection of structured
information, or data, typically stored electronically in
a computer system. A database is usually controlled
by a database management system (DBMS).
Together, the data and the DBMS, along with the
applications that are associated with them, are
referred to as a database system, often shortened to
just database.
Data within the most common types of databases in
operation today is typically modeled in rows and
columns in a series of tables to make processing and
data querying efficient. The data can then be easily
accessed, managed, modified, updated, controlled,
and organized. Most databases use structured query
language (SQL) for writing and querying data.
MySQL is a relational database management system
(RDBMS) developed by Oracle that is based on
structured query language (SQL). A database is a
structured collection of data. It may be anything from
a simple shopping list to a picture gallery or a place
to hold the vast amounts of information in a
corporate network.
Figure 8. MySQL Database
MySQL Database. (2008). Retrieved 15 March 2022,
from
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Database-
mysql.svg
3.4 Input, Process and Output
3.4.1 Input (Data Entry)
The cashier will input all the necessary information
such as student’s name, address, year level, program,
and the like, and it will be gathered by the use of
programmed system pages in which it will be stored
and organized into a database for security purposes,
data backup and automation of the manual system.
6
 3.5.1. Shows the login page of the system.

Figure 9. Data Entry

Data Entry. (2021). Retrieved 15 March 2022, from
https://www.nicepng.com/ourpic/u2e6e6r5t4r5t4a9_t
ext-data-entry-data-entry-png/

3.4.2 Process (Payment System)

The system will provide a safe financial transaction

that will record the date and time of the payment to
Figure 12. Login Page
the database. All of the logs and necessary
information about the transaction will be kept and
3.5.2. Shows the registration page of the system.
monitored by the admin for the reliability and safety
of students’ financial accounts.

Figure 10. Payment System

Payment System. (2018). Retrieved 15 March 2022,
from
https://icons-for+free.com/dollar+funds+hand+paym
ent+icon+icon-1320086640827007356/

3.4.3 Output (Generate Invoice)

A receipt is a printed statement of the amount of cash Figure 13. Registration Page
paid in a cash payment transaction. A copy of this
receipt is given to the customer or student, while 3.5.3. Shows the dashboard page of the system, after
another copy is retained for accounting purposes. A login, the user will be directed to the dashboard.
receipt contains information such as the date and
amount of the transaction.

The system will generate a hard-copied receipt after

the payment transaction was done and it serves as a
documentation that a student had already paid his
financial account.

Figure 14. Dashboard Page

3.5.4. Shows the student page of the system, which

Figure 11. Generate Invoice
shows, add, and updates the lists of all students
Generate Receipt. (2020). Retrieved 15 March 2022,
including their ID number, name, number of units,
from https://icons-for- program, year level, and percent of school
https://www.dreamstime.com/flat-grey-receipt-icon- scholarship.
bar-code-isolated-white-flat-grey-receipt-icon-bar-
code-isolated-white-background-image112097498

3.5 System Mockup Design

This includes the mockup design of the Gabriel

Taborin College of Davao Foundation Cashiering
System that the researchers presented and was
approved by the finance head and cashier.
Figure 15. Student Page

7
3.5.5. Shows the student fees page of the system,
which shows, add, and updates the lists of all
student’s fees as well as student‘s information. Also,
it includes search bar for efficient finding of student
account.

Figure 20. Payment Report Page

3.5.10. Shows the account setting page of the system,

Figure 16. Student Fees Page which changes the password.

3.5.6. Shows the payment page of the system, which

shows and adds the payment transaction. It will
record the transaction after the payment and print
eventually.

Figure 21. Account Setting Page

3.5.11. Shows the logout page of the system, which

terminates the system.

Figure 17. Payment Page

3.5.7. Shows the department page of the system,

which shows and adds the fees of students in each
department. The payment will be inputted by
department and if there are irregular students, the
fees will be inputted individually.

Figure 22. Logout Page

3.6 Hardware Requirements

The table below represents the hardware

Figure 18. Department Page
3.5.8. Shows the inactive student page of the system,
which views and adds the dropped-out students.
Figure 19. Inactive Student Page
requirements which are used in the system. The
hardware requirement is needed in generating the
system. The computer is a useful device that is
intended to be operated by an end-user to manipulate
in processing data and documents. The RAM
(Random Access Memory) is a form of computer
data storage that is capable to store data in the
system. The processor is a logic circuitry that
responds to and processes the basic instructions that
drive a computer. The hard disk is used to organize
files on the disk. The printer is used in printing the
monthly report. The Flash Drive is a portable device
used in storing documents related to the system.

3.5.9. Shows the payment report page of the system, Items of Hardware Description/
which views, adds and prints the daily cash Specification
collection report.

8
Computer; It includes
software and other
peripheral devices that
are necessary to many
units’ functions.
RAM (Random Access
Memory); A type of
computer memory that
can
be accessed randomly;
that is, any byte of
memory can be accessed 3.7 Software Requirements
without touching the
preceding bytes. RAM is
the most common type
of memory found
in computers and
other devices.
A hard disk is a part of
a unit, often called a
“disk drive”, “hard
drive”, or “hard disk”
that can store and
provides relatively quick
access to large amounts
on an
electromagnetically
charged surface or set of
surfaces.
A printer is a device
that accepts text and
graphic output from a
computer and transfers
the information to paper,
usually to standard size
sheets of paper. Printers
are sometimes sold with
computers, but more
frequently are purchased
separately.
USB Flash drive
(Universal Serial Bus); Is
a data storage device that
includes flash
memory with an
integrated Universal
Serial Bus (USB)
interface. USB flash
drives are typically
removable and
rewritable.
Switch Hub; Short for
port-switching hub, a
special type of hub that
forwards packet’s
address. Conventional
hubs simply rebroadcast
every packet to every
port.
Processor; The CPU or
Central processing Unit
is the “Brain” of the
computer; it is the
“compute” in Computer.
Without the CPU, you
have no Computer
Table 1. Hardware Requirements
Items of Software Description/
Specification
Text Editor. A text
editor is a type of
program used for editing
plain text files. It is very
important to be able to
use at least one text
mode editor or an IDE in
constructing a system
because this is where the
whole program code will
be written for it to be
executed during system
development.
Web Browser. Is a
software application
used for retrieving,
presenting, and
traversing information
resources. This tool is
important in developing
web-based system
because this is where the
whole output of the
system will be
presented, except for
stand-alone applications.
Microsoft Word. Is a
software application
used for documenting
files and related data
during system
development.
Windows 10. System
software created by
Microsoft corporation
and are used as an
Operating System for
Cashiering System.
9
For the building of the System:
CSS (Cascading Style
Sheets). Is a style sheet
language used for
describing the
presentation semantics
of document written in a
markup language. The
team used CSS because
it is appropriate for
enabling the separation
of document content
(written in HTML or a
similar markup
language) from
document presentation,
including elements such
as the layout, colors, and
fonts during system
development.
This chapter discusses how the research achieved the
goals of the study. It explains in general how the
system is used in the study. The System
Development Life Cycle (SDLC) was used as guide
in going through the study and structured system
analysis and design for modeling the system details
followed. This portion of the software design
depicted models used by the researchers in
conducting the “Gabriel Taborin College of Davao
Foundation Cashiering System”.
4.1 Gathering Student Data
The school cashier will coordinate with the registrar
to access the copies of students’ information. The
school finance will formulate the overall payments of
students depending on each course. The cashier will
input the information given by the registrar and the
formulated payment from the finance department.

PHP (Hypertext
Preprocessor). PHP is a
general-purpose
scripting language that is
especially suited server-
side web development
where PHP generally
runs on a web server.
The team used this tool Figure 23. Registrar Dashboard
for using command-line
scripting, client-side
graphical user interface 4.2 Student Account
(GUI), and relational
Student Account provides the current fees of every
database management
system (RDBMS). student who is officially enrolled in the institution.

MySQL. MySQL is a
popular choice of
database for use in web
applications, and is a
component of PHP.
Free-software-open
source projects that
require a full-featured
Figure 24. Student Current Fee
database management
system often use
MySQL. We used this 4.3 Update Account
language for managing
query and other Updating of student information especially the
functions related to payment which differs from every student in each
database functionality to department and year-level. The cashier can add,
store interrelated data update, and delete students’ accounts.
during system
development and
operation.

Table 2. Software Requirements

4. METHODOLOGY Figure 25. Update Account

10
4.4 Procedures  Logout

The researchers used the System Development Life
Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model. The SDLC describes
activities and functions that the researchers
performed regardless of which approach they used to
develop the system. The phases of the SDLC are: 1)
Requirements gathering and Analysis Phase; 2)
System Design Phase; 3) Implementation Phase; 4)
Testing Phase; 5) Deployment of System Phase; and
6) Maintenance Phase.
4.6 System Design Phase
After the requirements have been gathered and
analyzed, the researchers then started the building of
the design of the system. The user interface was then
laid out, drafted, and designed.
4.6.1 System Architecture
The architectural design represents the function of
the software in hierarchical form. It represents the
structure of the data and program components that
are required to build a computer-based system. It
includes the entire diagram of the program found in
the system.

Figure 26. SDLC Waterfall Model

4.5 Requirements Gathering and

Analysis Phase

It begins in the gathering of requirements and Figure 27. System Architecture

analysis. The researchers conducted an interview in
the Cashier’s Office to assemble the necessary
4.6.2 System Database Design
information in constructing the system just as how
the office expects it to be. Sharing of ideas and The researchers used database management system
opinions between the researchers and the office where data are stored in the MySQL Database.
worker took place during the meeting of the
requirements for the said system, whether such 4.6.2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
requirements could be valid and possible to be
included in the system to be developed. User friendly
interface, fast searching of records of transactions,
big capacity of storage, reliable and secured, thus, the
system should have a security password.

LAN-Based Software Requirement

 Web Browser
Figure 28. ERD
 Xampp Apache

4.6.3 System Flowchart

LAN-Based Hardware Requirement

 Computer Set
 Local Area Network

LAN-Based System

 Login Form
 Registration Form
 Dashboard Page

11
 4.7 Implementation Phase
In the system implementation phase, the researchers
used the PHP programming language for the
construction of the system. The design serves as a
guide on where to begin and to end. Without these,
the construction of the system would be difficult.

4.7.1 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared

toward web development.

Figure 29. System Flowchart

Figure 30. PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
4.6.1.1 System Algorithm
PHP Programming Language (1994). Retrieved 1
1. Login as Administrator. May 2022, from https://www.google.com/url?
2. Administer users and students. sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org
3. Register Students %2Fwiki%2FPHP&psig=AOvVaw2DQ3ve5sC-
a. Add student SxtTUjRMdc-
i. Click “SAVE” to add to M&ust=1651441364574000&source=images&cd=vf
database e&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCJDvjNHgvPcCFQAAA
AAdAAAAABAD
4. Check balance
i. Input name of student
ii. Automatically view balance 4.7.2 XAMPP
and payments made and current
fees XAMPP is a free and open-source cross-platform
5. Search Students web server solution stack package and interpreters
a. Search Students for scripts written in the PHP programming
i. Click ‘Search’ bar languages.
ii. Show student lists
b. View student account status
i. Manage actions
ii. Manage payments
iii. Manage and search student at
the search box
c. Update Fees
i. Edit Fee details
ii. Edit fees then leave the name
of the fee to store in the database Figure 31. XAMPP
d. Manage Courses
i. Add course XAMPP (2002). Retrieved 1 May 2022, from
ii. Save course to the database https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A
iii. Manage records per page %2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
iv. Search course %2FXAMPP&psig=AOvVaw0XdwLfGIP_DUtgWh
v. Edit and delete courses S70mu8&ust=1651441636898000&source=images&
6. Inventory cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCKiO8dLhvPcCFQ
a. Select specific Month AAAAAdAAAAABAD
b. Select specific Day
c. Select specific Year
i. Make payment. Automatically 4.7.3 Visual Studio Code IDE (Integrated
it will be saved to the database Development Environment)
d. Click submit and view the total money
of the day The developers used the Visual Studio code in
e. Click tool button and then click print to developing the system.
view the print record

12

Figure 32. Visual Studio Code IDE
Visual Studio Code (2015). Retrieved 1 May 2022,
from https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https
%3A%2F%2Fen.m.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile
%3AVisual_Studio_Code_1.35_icon.svg&psig=AOv
Vaw2mgz1-ohhX8-
uqeD1YcSPP&ust=1651442304536000&source=ima
ges&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjRxqFwoTCOi3ppHkvPc
CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
4.8 Testing Phase
When the construction of the system was at last
completed, it was tested to notice if it matches the
specifications and requirements. Conducted several
tests by performing all of the functionalities of the
system.
4.8.1 Black Box Testing
Black box Testing technique does not require internal
knowledge of the code whereas the white box
technique requires internal knowledge of the code.
Figure 33. Black Box Technique
Black Box Technique (2022). Retrieved 1 May 2022,
from https://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/wp-
content/qa/uploads/2018/05/Black-box-technique.jpg
Performance and many other testing types are
covered and they are tested using a black-box
technique wherein the input is provided to the system
and the output is verified. System internal knowledge
is not required.
4.9 Deployment of System Phase
Deployment of the system phase provides for
production installation and client acceptance of the
software, requiring all test cases to verify successful
software execution, completeness, and correctness.
After the successful testing of the system, it was then
transported to the cashier’s office and expected to
work accurately that meet the objectives of the
project. Once the system is deployed, it becomes
available to end-users such as the cashier and the
finance office. This phase also includes training of
real-time users to communicate benefits and proper
use of the system.
4.10 Maintenance Phase
In the last phase, system maintenance, the
researchers ensured that the system operated
properly, maintained, and enhanced for the
satisfaction of the cashier.
4.9.1 Quarterly Maintenance for the system
4.9.1.1 Enhancement of the system’s design and
layout
4.9.1.2 Enhancement of the system’s functionalities
4.9.1.3 Debugging of the program
This involves the enhancement and debugging of the
program quarterly for the school. This also involves
adding new features and expansions of the system to
another function as requested by the user.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to enhance the proposed system into a more
reliable and efficient system, the future system must
know:
5.1 How to automatically get the names and number
of units of enrolled students from the registrar;
5.2 Print the last row of the recorded payment
transaction of every student;
5.3 Can perform online payment transactions;
5.4 Notify the students after the payment through
message or email; and
5.5 Facilitate quick payment transaction.
Appendix A- Bibliography
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Juliet. “Comparative Analysis of Computerized
Accounting System and Manual Accounting System
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4_Comparative_Analysis_of_Computerized_Accoun
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https://www.hcltech.com/technology-qa/what-is-the-
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[3] Shaun Baker. “What is POS Software? Analysis
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https://financesonline.com/pos-software-analysis-
features-benefits-pricing/
13
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[5] Christopher John R. Llanda, Joventino T.
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[11] Student View Balance Form (2012). tyronsoft.

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14