Programming 621 (C++) Exam scope

• IF..Else statements,
• For...& While Loops,
• Classes,
• Reading and Writing to Files
• Try and Catch exception
• Single Dimension Arrays

Pointer in C++: A pointer, is basically a variable that stores the memory address or location as its value. It
points to a data type (like int or string or char) of a similar type and is generated with the * operator. The
address of the variable one is working with is assigned to the pointer:

1. Write a C++ code to swap values of two variables using pointers.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//Swap function to swap 2 numbers
void swap(int *num1, int *num2)
{
int temp;
//Copy the value of num1 to some temp variable
temp = *num1;
//Copy the value of num2 to num1
*num1 = *num2;
//Copy the value of num1 stored in temp to num2
*num2 = temp;
}

int main()
{
int num1, num2;
//Inputting 2 numbers from user
cout << "\nEnter the first number : ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "\nEnter the Second number : ";
cin >> num2;
//Passing the addresses of num1 and num2
swap(&num1, &num2);
//Printing the swapped values of num1 and num2
cout << "\nFirst number : " << num1;
cout << "\nSecond number: " << num2;
return (0);
}

If… Else program

Write a C++ program that determines a student’s grade.The program will
read three types of scores (quiz, mid-term, and final scores) and determine
the grade based on the following rules:
if the average score =90% =>grade=A
-if the average score >= 70% and <90% => grade=B
-if the average score>=50% and <70% =>grade=C
-if the average score<50% =>grade=F
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float x;
float y;
float z;
float avg;
avg=x+y+z/3;
cout<<"enter first subject marks"<<endl;
cin>>x;
cout<<"enter second subject marks"<<endl;
cin>>y;
cout<<"enter third subject marks"<<endl;
cin>>z;
avg=x+y+z/3;
if (avg>=90)
{
cout<<"Result: grade is A"<<endl;
}
else if(avg>=70&&avg<90)
{
cout<<"Result: grade is B"<<endl;
}
else if(avg>=50&&avg<70)
{
cout<<"Result: grade is C"<<endl;
}
else
{
cout<<"Result: grade is F"<<endl;
}
}
Loops ( for and do-while ) programs
Here is a simple C++ program to find the mean value of a set of numbers:
C++

1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cstdlib>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 int main() {
7 int num_count;
8 double sum, mean;
9
10 cout << "Enter the number of values: ";
11 cin >> num_count;
12
13 for (int i = 0; i < num_count; i++) {
14 double num;
15 cout << "Enter value " << i + 1 << ": ";
16 cin >> num;
17 sum += num;
18 }
19
20 mean = sum / num_count;
21 cout << "The mean value is: " << mean << endl;
22
23 return 0;
24 }

C++ Program Sum of odd Natural Number

1 #include<iostream>
2 #include <conio.h>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main()
6 {
7 int i=1;
8 int input;
9 int sum=0;
10
11
12
13 cout<<"plz Input number of terms : ";
14 cin>>input;
15 cout<<"The odd numbers are :";
16
17 do
18 {
19
 20 cout<<"\t"<<2*i-1;
21 sum+=2*i-1;
22 i++;
23 }
24 while(i<=input);
25
26
27 cout<<endl;
28 cout<<"\nThe Sum of odd Natural Number upto "<<input<<" are:";
29 cout<<sum;
30 }
31

Write a C++ program to find the sum and average of one dimensional
integer array.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int Arr[100],n,i,sum=0;
cout<<"Enter number of elements you want to insert ";
cin>>n;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"Enter element "<<i+1<<":";
cin>>Arr[i];
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum+=Arr[i];
cout<<"\nThe sum of Array is :"<<sum;
cout<<"\nThe average of Array is :"<<sum/i;
return 0;
}

Class - program
Write a program and input two integers in main and pass them to default constructor of
the class. Show the result of the addition of two numbers.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class data{
public:
 int nu1,nu2;
data(int numm1,int numm2){
nu1=numm1;nu2=numm2;cout <<"numbers initialized \n";
}
int sum_num(){return nu1+nu2;}
};

int main (){

int num1;
int num2;
cout<<"Enter first number : ";
cin>>num1;
cout<<"Enter second number : ";
cin>>num2;

data set_nu(num1,num2);

cout << "The addition result on:"<< set_nu.sum_num()<<"\n";

return 0;
}

Try and Catch Program

• try - code that may raise an exception

• throw - throws an exception when an error is detected
• catch - code that handles the exception thrown by the throw keyword
// program to divide two numbers
// throws an exception when the divisor is 0
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double numerator, denominator, divide;
cout << "Enter numerator: ";
cin >> numerator;
cout << "Enter denominator: ";
cin >> denominator;
try {
// throw an exception if denominator is 0
if (denominator == 0)
throw 0;
// not executed if denominator is 0
divide = numerator / denominator;
cout << numerator << " / " << denominator << " = " << divide << endl;
}
catch (int num_exception) {
cout << "Error: Cannot divide by " << num_exception << endl;
}

Writing to file
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream outFile;
// open an exist file fout.txt
outFile.open("number.txt", std::ios_base::app);
if (!outFile.is_open())
{ cout << " problem with opening the file ";}
else
{outFile <<"200 Sam"<<endl ;
cout << "done writing" <<endl;}
outFile.close();
}
Reading from file
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{//Declare and open a text file
ifstream INFile("C:/Users/Samuel/Documents/C++/numbers.txt");
string line;
int total=0;
while(! INFile.eof())
{
getline(INFile, line);
//converting line string to int
stringstream(line) >> total;
cout << line <<endl;
cout <<total +1<<endl;}
INFile.close(); // close the file
}