Caribbean University Recinto de Ponce

Assigment Chapter #3

Héctor M. Rodríguez Feliciano- cu243945

Luis Ortiz Rodriguez- cu237234
Héctor Rosa Maldonado- cu160745
Fecha de entrega: 13 de septiembre de 2021
Introduction to Probability and Statics
Math-319-I5
Exercise #1

Let the random variable X have a discrete uniform distribution where 1 ≤ x ≤ 3.

a. Draw the graph for the discrete uniform corresponding to this situation.

b. Find the mean and variance of X.

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 2
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 0.667
Exercise # 2

Assume that the wavelengths of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) are uniformly distributed in
whole nanometers within the red spectrum and range from 675 to 700 nm.

Recovered from https://gsp.humboldt.edu/OLM/Courses/GSP_216_Online/images/spectrum.jpg

a. What is the mean and variance of the wavelength distribution for this radiation?

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 687.5
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 56.25

Now consider that the wavelengths are uniformly distributed in whole nanometers ranging from 75 to
100 nm.

b. What is the mean and variance of the wavelength distribution for this radiation?

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 87.5
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 56.25
 c. Discuss your observations of the variance in both situations.

We can see that the means are not equal, they are different, but the variance are the
same.
Exercise # 3

The phone lines for Liberty customer service department are busy 40% of the time. It assumes that the
events that the line is busy in successive calls are independent. Assume 10 calls are made to Liberty.

We are interested in the probability that for exactly three calls the lines are busy.

a. Fill the following information:

Fixed number of trials = 10

Possibilities for each trial = Calls busy/Calls not busy

Independent probability of success = 40%=40/100=0.4
Random variable X definition = Numbers of lines are busy
Probability distribution = Binomial distribution

Probability of exactly 3 calls busy = 21.50%=21.50/100=0.2149

We are interested in the probability that the lines are not busy for at least one call.

Definition of a success = Calls not busy

Independent probability of success = 0.6

Random variable X definition = Numbers of lines that are not busy

Probability of at least one call not busy = 0.99937

We are interested in the expected number of busy calls.

Independent probability of success = 0.4=40%

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 4
Exercise # 4

A multiple-choice exam contains 25 questions, each with 4 answers. Assume that a student guesses on
each question.

We are interested in the probability that the student answers more than 20 questions correctly?

a. Fill the following information:

Fixed number of trials = 25

Possibilities for each trial = Correct or Incorrect
Independent probability of success = ¼=25%=25/100=.25
Random variable X definition = Number of correct answers

Probability distribution = Binomial distribution

Probability of more than 20 correct answers = 9.675𝑥𝑥10−10 ~1𝑥𝑥10−9

We are interested in the probability that the student answers less than 5 questions correctly?

b. Fill the following information:

Definition of a success = Correctly

Independent probability of success = ¼=25%=25/100=.25
Random variable X definition = The numbers of correct answer

Probability of less than 5 correct answers = 0.2137

Exercise # 5

In a clinical study, volunteers are tested for a gene that has been found to increase their risk of disease.
The probability that the person has the gene is 0.1.

We are interested in the probability that four or more people will have to be tested before two are found
with the gene.

a. Fill the following information:

Fixed number of successes = 2

Possibilities for each trial = With Gene/With No Gene
Independent probability of success = 0.1
The number of tries to fin two people with the
Random variable X definition =
gen
Probability distribution = Binomial Negative
Probability of 4 or more to find 2 with gene = 0.9

We are interested in the number of people is expected to be tested before detecting two of these carrying
the gene.

Independent probability of success = 0.9

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 1.8
Exercise # 6

A batch contains 36 bacteria cells and 12 of these are unable to replicate cellularly. Suppose we examine
three bacterial cells randomly and without replacement.

We are interested in the mean and variance of the number of cells in the sample that can replicate.

Random variable X definition = number of cells in the sample that can replicate

# of successes K = 24
# of failures N-K = 12
Probability distribution = Hypergeometric

𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = 2

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 0.62857

We are interested in the probability that at least one of the selected cells cannot be replicated.

cells cannot be
Random variable X definition =
replicated
# of successes K = 12

# of failures N-K = 24

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 0 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 0.284

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 0.466

𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 0.716
Exercise # 7

The number of failures for a test instrument that measures contamination particles from a product is a
Poisson random variable with an average of 0.02 failures per hour.

We are interested in the probability that the instrument does not fail in an eight-hour shift.

Random variable X definition = Not fail 8 hrs

𝜆𝜆1 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 0.02
𝜆𝜆8 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 0.16

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 0 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.85214

We are interested in the probability of at least one failure in a 24-hour day.

Random variable X definition = Failure 24 hrs

𝜆𝜆1 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 0.02

𝜆𝜆24 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 0.48

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 0 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.68

𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 = 0.38