CONTENTS

PARTICULARS
PAGE NO.
DECLARATIO. i
CERTIFICATE. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
iii

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Formation of nitrogen oxides
1.2 Problems of NOx
1.3. EPA Emission Standards
1.4. How can NOx be reduced ?

EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

2.1 Uses of exhaust gas recirculation
2.2 Basic parts of EGR
2.3 EGR eperating condition
2.4 EGR impacts on ECS
2.5 EGR theory of operation

EGR LIMITS
3.1 combustion characteristics with HC and NOx
emission
3.2 combustion characteristics with PM
3.3 NOx reduction effect on EGR

INTERNAL EGR

TECHNICAL ISSUE
5.1 Combustion contamination

5.2 control system stability

5.3 Materials and durability

5.4 liquid dropout

CONCLUSION