generations of computrs

history of languages
memory in computers

ASCII--american stanfard code information interface

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history of c language:

>a structured ,, developped at AT & TB (bell laboratories) at USA in 1972.

>it was developped by 'dennis rich' in late 1970's .
>it began to replace the more familier languages of that like pl/1,ALGOL ....
>c progarmming languages teaches ,, derived from an earlier language called "BCPL"(basic
combined programming language)
>c language was invented for implementing UNIX operating system
>c become popular because of its realiability,smple and easy to use
>in 1983 the american national standard institute (ANSI) established a commity to provide a
modern c , the "ANSI c " was completed at 1988
>it is the mlst popular linux operating system and RDBMS (relational fata base management
system) "MYSQL" (structured querry language) has been writening c
>the UNIX operating system , the c compiler and essentially all unic appliction programmes have
been written in c ,
>the c has now become a widely used professional language for various reasons
>c programming is considered as the base for oher programming languages so it is also known as
mother language
>the c language is developped for creating system applications that direct interacts hardware device
such as 'drivers , kernaks ...'

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c can be defined in 5 ways:

> mother language

> system programming language
> procedure oriented programming language
> structured programmin glanguage
> mid level programming language

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features of c language:

-- c is the widely used language it provides a lot of features that are given below

.simple
.machine independent
.portable
.mid lavel programming l;anguage
.structured programmin glanguage
.rich library
.memory management
.fast speed
.pointers
.recursion
.extensile

>simple:
c is a simple language in the sense that it provides structurted approach (it
breaks the probl)
rich set of library functions data types ...
machine independent

machine independent or portable

unlike assemly language c programs can be executed in many machines with little bit
or no change .
but it is not platform independent
mid level programmin glanguage
c is also used to do low level programming
it is used to develop system applicatiions such as kernel , drivers ...
it also supports the feature of high level language that is why it is known mid level
languwge
cis a structured programmin glanguage in the sense that we can break the progrm
into parts
it is easy to understand the program and can be esdyly modified easy error
c provides a lot of inbuilt functions that makes the development fast
ex: math class functions and input , output functions ..
mem manage
it supports the featue of dynamic memory allocation (DMA)
in c language we can free the allocated memory at any time calling free()
function
fast speed
the compilation and execution time of c language is fast because c has a only
a compiler , to compile and execute a program
pointers:
it provides the feature of c,, we can diretly interact the memory by using the
pointers for memory , functions , arrays , ...
recursion:
in c we can call the function within the function
it provides ,, reusability for every functiin
extensible:
c language is exrensible because it can easily adopt new features