Machine Learning and Deep Learning Applications to Start Living with COVID-19

Nilakshi M. Mule, Pranali M. Sheth

Assistant Professor, Government College of Engineering, Karad, India
nilmule@gmail.com
pranalisheth@gmail.com

ABSTRACT February 2020. Corona means ‘crown’ in Latin. The shape

COVID-19 is declared as a global emergency by WHO in of this virus is seen like a ‘crown’ under microscope.
February 2020. The Novel Corona virus is spreading so In India, on 30th January 2020, the first case of COVID-
quickly that healthcare units want urgent decision making 19 is reported. In a short while it has spread to the several
techniques for early detection and to stop the spread. The places of the country [3]. As reported by Worldometer,
governments of many countries have declared lockdown United States (USA) is affected majorly by the spread of
but, it is arises other problems such as loss of economy, COVID-19. As on 6th June, 2020, total corona virus cases
unemployment, difficulties in getting emergency services are 6,871,859, deaths are 398,666 and recovered cases are
and others. Therefore it becomes necessary to start living 3,365,955 worldwide. Figure 1 shows the graphical
with Corona. We have recognized seven significant representation. In USA, total coronavirus cases are
applications using Artificial Intelligence based Machine 1,966,266, death cases are 111,398 and recovered cases are
Learning and Deep Learning to come over COVID-19 738,729. The total cases reported in India are 237,754 with
pandemic. These applications will play an important role 114,073 recoveries and 6,650 deaths. However, the rate of
in prevention, early detection of correct disease as COVID infection is lower as compared to other countries [1].
or SARS or SARI etc., development of a vaccine for
COVID-19, treatment, care of age old and children, risk
reduction for police force and emergency service providers
by collecting and analyzing all previous data. This model
will also help in future to face the situations like COVID-
19.
AUDIENCE
Beginner – The session is targeted for individuals with
basic knowledge in the subject.

INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is extremely
contagious. It is denoted as SARS-CoV-2 which let fall
entire world into stressful phase. World Health
Organization (WHO) confirmed the spread of COVID-19
as pandemic [1]. The disease was first found at Wuhan in
China on 31st December 2019. It was reported to WHO
Country Office as a new type of Pneumonia. WHO
declared the name of the disease as COVID-19 [2] on 11 th
Fig. 1 Total cases and total deaths because COVID-19
While COVID-19 was spreading in the country rapidly
there is another virus detected in India named Severe
Accurate Respiratory Infection (SARI). SARI, Corona and
SARS virus carry many common symptoms as tabulated in
Table 1 [4]. Normal influenza also finds similar common
symptoms like cough, cold, fever. Therefore early
detection of COVID-19 is very crucial and tough.
Table 1: Symptoms found in COVID-19 and SARI
Symptoms COVID-19 SARS
Common fever, fever,
symptoms cough, cough,
fatigue, malaise,
shortness of body aches and
breath pains,
headache,
shortness of breath
Artificial Intelligence base Machine Learning (ML) and
Deep Learning (DL) technologies can be employed for
early detection of COVID-19. Medical diagnostic decision
support system can be helped using data mining tasks such
as classification, clustering and prediction for the early
diagnosis of COVID-19. In a very short period researchers
published articles on how AI can help fighting against
COVID-19. We have done a rapid survey on how to use
AI to fight with COVID-19 on the databases like PubMed,
Scopus and Google Scholar and presented in the
paragraphs below.
Raju Vaishya et.al. [5] presented a paper on 6 th April
2020 to describe AI applications using Internet of Things
(IoT), Big Data and Machine Learning to conquer with
COVID-19 and other pandemics. Ahmad Alimadadi et.al.
[6] published an article on 27th March 2020 to detail the
applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning
in the fight against COVID-19. He has explained how the
origin of COVID-19 and in detail describes how AI and
DL can help in this situation for prevention from the
diseases, early diagnosis, for drug discovery to pharmacists
and hospital management. Tulin Ozturk et.al. [7] published
a study on 28th April 2020 to propose a new model for
automatic COVID-19 detection using raw chest X-ray
images. The developed model is available at
(https://github.com/muhammedtalo/COVID-19).The
model yields a classification accuracy of 98.08% for
binary classes and 87.02% for multi-class cases.
Ferhat Ucar et.al. [8] has proposed COVIDiagnosis-Net
system for Deep Bayes-SqueezeNet based Diagnostic of
the COVID-19 from X-Ray Images on 21st April 2020. The
SqueezeNet is optimized for the COVID-19 diagnosis with
Bayesian optimization. The proposed system produces
average 76% classification accuracy to detect COVID 19.
Anuradha Tomar et.al. [9] proposed a model on 20 th April
2020 for prediction for the spread of COVID-19 in India.
They have used data-driven estimation methods like long
short-term memory (LSTM) and curve fitting. They have
predicted infected cases 30 days ahead using preventive
measures such as social isolation and lockdown.
It is analyzed that Machine Learning algorithms outputs
false positive results because of common confusing
symptoms in the viruses such as CORONA, SARS, SARI
and normal influenza. Deep learning is newly evolving
technology and will be applicable on huge amount of data.
It works precisely and accurately as data grows. Deep
learning based Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) works
efficiently on the huge time series data. RNN predicts
effectively and more accurately than any other machine
learning algorithm because it automatically extract features
from training samples and takes care of auto-correction at
every network layer. COVID-19 data is becoming large
time series data therefore prediction can be done
efficiently using deep learning algorithms.
The governments of many countries have declared
lockdown to stop the spread of Corona Virus. But, is arises
other problems such as loss of economy, unemployment,
difficulties in achieving emergency services and others.
So, lockdown can’t be the permanent solution and
somewhere we should start to live with COVID-19. The
common preventive measures for COVID-19 include
maintaining social distancing, washing hands frequently,
and avoiding touching the mouth, nose, and face [2].
In the proposed work we have demonstrated the seven
essential areas where Machine Learning and Deep
Learning applications can in prevention, early detection,
and treatment of COVID-19.
APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE LEARNING AND
DEEP LEARNING TO HANDLE SITUATION OF
COVID-19
Early detection from similar diseases
There are 36 symptoms of Corona disease and symptoms
are very common to normal influenza. AI applications
using deep learning would be able to extract features
which will help in early detection of disease. Severe Acute
Respiratory Illness (SARI) [10] is a lung infection. It is
mostly the last stage symptom of Corona disease. The
early symptoms of SARI are very similar to COVID 19. In
such cases deep learning can give correct diagnosis of
disease because it can automatically extract features and
diagnose correctly. ML and DL based AI applications can
also be useful in faster testing of corona virus.
Hospital management
AI applications using Internet of Things can monitor
patients during treatment which will reduce the overload
on medical staff [11].

Drug Discovery
Applications can be used for drug discovery. The speed of
drug testing can be accelerated using AI applications [12].
Treatment
The robot can be made to learn to carry out common
treatment of nurses which can avoid the direct contact of
humans with infected patients. In this case, the spread of
disease can be avoided.
Reduce risk and workload of police force
COVID-19 causes risk and load on police force of the
world. During lockdown, tracing the contacts of infected
persons and make them quarantine is the important job. It
is full of risk and time consuming. AI applications can be
developed to trace the contacts of infected Corona positive
patients. It may reduce the risk and workload on the police
force.
Precaution after recovery
In Wuhan it is observed that there are reoccurrences of the
disease symptoms after recovery. To find such cases IoT
based applications embedded with ML and DL
applications can be developed to monitor the patients’
health after get discharged from the hospitals.
Precaution of children and age old people
As suggested by WHO children, people with age greater
than 60, and having cases of old diseases like diabetes,
blood pressure are very likely to get infected. ML and DL
applications can be developed for such people to monitor
their activities and health.
Early
detection
from similar
diseases
Precaution of
children and
age old
people
management
APPLICATIONS
OF AI
Precaution
after
recovery
Reduce risk
and
Treatment
workload of
police
Fig.1 Applications of AI to handle situation of
COVID 19
CONCLUSION
In the proposed work we have proposed seven essential
areas where Machine Learning and Deep Learning
applications can help in prevention, early detection, and
treatment of COVID-19. We hope AI will help in adverse
recovering the adverse situation and human lives continue
to grow on the earth and blossom like before.
PARTICIPATION STATEMENT
We confirm that we are very enthusiastic and will be
fortunate to present our paper in the conference if it gets
selected.
BIO
Nilakshi M. Mule is working as Assistant Professor, at
GCE, Karad, Maharashtra, India. She has completed ME
in Computer Engineering. Her research interests are
Machine Learning, Image Processing, and Data Mining.
Pranali M. Sheth is working as Assistant Professor, at
GCE, Karad, Maharashtra, India. She is M.Tech in CSE-IT
and pursuing her PhD in Computer Engineering. Her
research interests are Feature Selection, Data Mining and
Machine Learning.
REFERENCES
[1]Worldometer,https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
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[3]PIB,https://pib.gov.in/pressreleaseiframepage.aspx?
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sars#symptoms, June 2020.
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[7] Ozturk, Tulin, Muhammed Talo, Eylul Azra Yildirim, Ulas
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[10] Emergence of SARI-coronavirus link alarms health officials,
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