Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 02-848

Issue 2 Publication Date 19 November 2004

Requirements for Carbon-Manganese and

Low Alloy Steel Forgings

Part 2

Low Alloy Steel Forgings

Category 2
 MOD

DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Defence Standard

Requirements for Carbon-Manganese and Low Alloy Steel Forgings

Part 2: Low Alloy Steel Forgings

Standards for Defence

Category 2

i
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Contents

Contents....................................................................................................................................... ii
Foreword .................................................................................................................................... iv
1 Scope............................................................................................................................... 1
2 Warning ........................................................................................................................... 1
3 Related Documents.......................................................................................................... 1
4 Performance Specification .............................................................................................. 2
5 National/International Regulations................................................................................... 2
6 Military Standards/Requirements..................................................................................... 2
6.1 Materials.......................................................................................................................... 2
6.1.1 Chemical Composition..................................................................................................... 2
6.1.2 Carbon Equivalent Values................................................................................................ 2
6.1.3 Product Analysis Variations............................................................................................. 2
6.2 Manufacture ..................................................................................................................... 5
6.2.1 Method............................................................................................................................. 5
6.2.2 Heat Treatment ................................................................................................................ 5
6.3 Testing ............................................................................................................................. 6
6.3.1 Non–Destructive Testing, Acceptance Standards and Recording of Defects................... 6
6.3.2 Sampling for Mechanical Testing..................................................................................... 6
6.3.3 Mechanical Test and Properties....................................................................................... 8
6.3.4 Retests............................................................................................................................. 9
6.4 Quality Assurance ......................................................................................................... 10
6.4.1 Quality Assurance Documentation ................................................................................ 10
6.5 Identification.................................................................................................................. 11
7 Design Requirements/Guidance .................................................................................... 11
8 Corporate Experience and Knowledge .......................................................................... 11
Annex A..................................................................................................................................... 11
A.1 Abbreviations................................................................................................................. 11
A.1.1 For the purpose of this Standard the following abbreviations apply: ............................ 11
Annex B..................................................................................................................................... 12
B.1 Procurement Check List................................................................................................. 12
Index ....................................................................................................................................... 13

Figures

Figure 1 — Location of Specimens for Rectangular and Cross Sections..................................... 7

Figure 2 — Location of Test Specimens for Solid Circular Cross Section................................... 7

Figure 3 — Location of Test Specimens for Bored Circular Cross Section ................................. 8

ii
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Tables

Table 1 — Applicable Forging Grades..........................................................................................3

Table 2 — Chemical Composition Limitations..............................................................................4

Table 3 — Maximum Permitted Carbon Equivalent Values...........................................................4

Table 4 — Permitted Heat Treatment Temperature Ranges..........................................................5

Table 5 — Energy Factors for Sub–Size Impact Specimens.........................................................9

Table 6 — Mechanical Properties Grades................................................................................... 10

iii
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Foreword
AMENDMENT RECORD

Amd No Date Text Affected Signature and Date

REVISION NOTE

This standard is raised to Issue 2 to update its content.

HISTORICAL RECORD
This standard supersedes the following:
Def Stan 02-848 Part 2 Issue 1 April 2000:
NES 848 Part 2 Issue 2 January 2000;
NES 848 Part 1 Issue 1 August 1990.
DGS 6013B February 1967

Sponsorship

1. This Defence Standard (Def Stan) 02–848 is sponsored by the Sea Technology Group Materials
Technology (STGMT), Ministry of Defence (MOD).

2. The complete Def Stan 02-848 Issue 2 comprises:

Requirements for Carbon-Manganese and Low Alloy Steel Forgings:
Part 1: Carbon-Manganese Steel Forgings;
Part 2: Low Alloy Steel Forgings.

3. If it is found to be unsuitable for any particular requirement the MOD shall be informed in writing of
the circumstances.

4. Any user of this Defence Standard either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to
it. Proposals for amendments that are not directly applicable to a particular contract shall be made to
the publishing authority identified on the back cover, and those directly applicable to a particular
contract shall be dealt with using contract procedures.

5. No alteration shall be made to this Defence Standard except by the issue of an authorised
amendment.

6. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this Defence Standard to approval, approved, authorised or
similar terms, means the Ministry of Defence in writing.

7. Any significant amendments that may be made to this Defence Standard at a later date will be
indicated by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line
interval.

8. Extracts from British Standards within this Defence Standard have been included with the
permission of the British Standards Institution.

iv
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Conditions of Release

General

9. This Defence Standard has been devised solely for the use of the MOD, and its contractors in the
execution of contracts for the MOD. To the extent permitted by law, the Crown hereby excludes all
liability whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, liability resulting from
negligence) for any loss or damage however caused when the Defence Standard is used for any
other purpose.

10. This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or third party
rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission of the MOD.

11. The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this Defence Standard without
consulting or informing any holder.

MOD Tender or Contract Process

12. This Defence Standard is the property of the Crown. Unless otherwise authorised in writing by the
MOD must be returned on completion of the contract or submission of the tender in connection with
which it is issued.

13. When this Defence Standard is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user shall
ensure that he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related
documents, relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made
of the Authority named in the tender or contract.

14. When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and other statutory requirements. Compliance with a
Defence Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Categories of Naval Defence Standard

15. The Category of this Naval Defence Standard has been determined using the following criteria:

a) Category 1. If not applied may have a Critical affect on the following;

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties;
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment;

b) Category 2. If not applied may have a Significant affect on the following;

Safety of the vessel, its complement or third parties;
Operational performance of the vessel, its systems or equipment;
Through life costs and support;

c) Category 3. If not applied may have a Minor affect on the following;

MOD best practice and fleet commonality;
Corporate experience and knowledge;
Current support practice.

v
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Related Documents

16. In the tender and procurement processes the related documents in each Section and Section 3 can
be obtained as follows:

a) British Standards British Standards Institution

389 Chiswick High Road
London, W4 4AL

b) Defence Standards Defence Procurement Agency

An Executive Agency of the MOD
UK Defence Standardization
Kentigern House
65 Brown Street
Glasgow, G2 8EX

c) Other documents Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.

17. All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents shall quote the relevant MOD
Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and the
Tender or Contract Sponsor.

18. Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant documentation,
including specifications, standards and drawings.

Health and Safety

Warning

19. This Defence Standard may call for the use of processes, substances and procedures that may be
injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only too technical suitability and in
no way absolves either the supplier or any user from statutory obligations relating to health and
safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those quoted may
not necessarily be exhaustive.

20. This Defence Standard has been written and shall be used taking into account the policy stipulated
in JSP430: MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook.

Additional Information

(There is no relevant information)

vi
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Requirements for Carbon-Manganese and Low Alloy Steel

Forgings. Part 2: Low Alloy Steel Forgings

1 Scope
This Defence Standard (Def Stan) 02-848 Part 2 details the requirements for Low Alloy Steel forgings for
use in HM Surface Ships and Submarines.

2 Warning
The Ministry of Defence (MOD), like its contractors, is subject to both United Kingdom and European
laws regarding Health and Safety at Work, without exemption. All Defence Standards either directly or
indirectly invoke the use of processes and procedures that could be injurious to health if adequate
precautions are not taken. Defence Standards or their use in no way absolves users from complying with
statutory and legal requirements relating to Health and Safety at Work.

3 Related Documents
The publications shown in this Section are referred to in the text of this Standard.

BS EN ISO 9001, Quality Management Systems. Requirements.

BS EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic Materials. Brinell Hardness Test. Test Method.
BS EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic Materials. Vickers Hardness test. Test Method.
BS EN 10002-1, Tensile testing of metallic materials. Method of test at ambient temperature.
BS EN 10002-5, Tensile Testing of Metallic Materials. Method of Test at Elevated Temperatures.
BS EN 10021, General technical delivery requirements for steel and iron products.
BS EN 10045-1, Charpy Impact Test on Metallic Materials. Test method (V- and U-notches).
BS EN 10083-1, Quenched and tempered steels. Technical delivery conditions for special steels.
BS EN 10222-2, Steel Forgings for Pressure Purposes. Ferritic and Martensitic Steels with Specified
Elevated Temperature Properties.
BS EN 10222-3, Steel forgings for pressure purposes. Nickel steels with specified low-temperature
properties.
BS 970-1, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes. General
inspection and testing procedures and specific requirements for Carbon, Carbon Manganese, Alloy and
Stainless Steels. (Partially replaced. Retained in this Standard for legacy equipment.)
BS 1503, Specification for Steel Forgings for Pressure Purposes. (Withdrawn/Superseded by
BS EN 10222-2. Retained in this Standard for legacy equipment.)
Def Stan 02-729 (NES 729), Requirements for Non-Destructive Examination Methods:
Part 2: Magnetic Particle;
Part 4: Liquid Penetrant;
Part 5: Ultrasonic.
Def Stan 02-848 (NES 848), Requirements for Carbon-Manganese and Low Alloy Steel Forgings:
Part 1: Carbon-Manganese Steel Forgings.
JSP 430, MOD Ship Safety Management System Handbook:
Volume 1: Policy and Guidance on MOD and Equipment Safety Management.

1
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

4 Performance Specification
The materials, chemical composition, carbon equivalent values, product analysis variations,
manufacture, heat treatment, testing and quality assurance of Low Alloy Steel forgings for use in
HM Surface Ships and Submarines shall be in accordance with the requirements of this
Defence Standard (Def Stan) 02-848 Part 2.

5 National/International Regulations
No relevant information included.

6 Military Standards/Requirements

Related Documents: BS EN ISO 6506-1; BS EN ISO 6507-1; BS EN ISO 9001; BS EN 10021;

BS EN 10002-1, BS EN 10002-5, BS EN 10045-1, BS EN 10083-1; BS EN 10222-2; BS EN 10222-3;
BS 970-1, BS 1503, Def Stan 02-729 Parts 2, 4 and 5; Def Stan 02-848 Part 1; see also Section 3.

6.1 Materials

6.1.1 Chemical Composition

a) The material shall conform to the requirements of one of the grades listed in Table 1 to meet the
specific environment for which it is intended or as specified in any contract or order.

b) Material Grades A to F have been included in this Standard to cover legacy equipment. For new
equipment material Grades G to K shall be used, but it should be noted that whilst these grades
have similar mechanical capability they are not direct equivalents. Grades L and M are included as
replacements for Grades A and C in Def Stan 02-848 Part 1. Table 1 identifies the equivalence
between the new and old material grades where appropriate.

c) The material, on ladle analysis, shall also conform to the chemical composition limitations given in
Table 2.

6.1.2 Carbon Equivalent Values

a) The Carbon Equivalent Values (CEV) shall not exceed the values given in Table 3.

6.1.3 Product Analysis Variations

a) A check analysis is required, using broken test pieces or adjacent material. The percentages of the
elements shall not exceed the variations specified in the relevant British Standard shown in Table 1.
Where no check analysis variation is specified, the limits for check analysis and ladle analysis are
the same.

2
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Grade Material Application Environment Comments

Standard
A BS 970-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and This Grade shall be used for
826 M40 Below legacy equipment only.
Replaced by Grade G
B BS 970-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and This Grade shall be used for
709 M40 Below legacy equipment only.
Replaced by Grade H
C BS 970-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and This Grade shall be used for
817 M40 Below legacy equipment only.
Replaced by Grade I
E BS 1503 620- General and Elevated Temperature This Grade shall be used for
440 E Pressure Purposes legacy equipment only.
Replaced by Grade J
F BS 1503 620- General and Elevated Temperature This Grade shall be used for
540 E Pressure Purposes legacy equipment only.
Replaced by Grade K
G BS EN 10083-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and Replacement for Grade A
36NiCrMo16 Below
H BS EN 10083-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and Replacement for Grade B
42CrMo4 Below
I BS EN 10083-1 General Purpose Ambient Temperature and Replacement for Grade C
34CrNiMo6 Below
J BS EN 10222-2 General and Ambient and Elevated Replacement for Grade E
13CrMo4-5 Pressure Purposes Temperature
K BS EN 10222-2 General and Ambient and Elevated Replacement for Grade F
18MnMoNi5-5 Pressure Purposes Temperature
L BS EN 10222-3 General and Ambient Temperature and Replacement for Def Stan
13MnNi6-3 Pressure Purposes Below 02-848 Part 1 Grade A
M BS EN 10222-3 General and Ambient Temperature and Replacement for Def Stan
15NiMn6 Pressure Purposes Below 02-848 Part 1 Grade C

NOTE 1 Grade ‘D’ formerly contained in NES 848 Part 2 specified a steel grade to BS 1503:1980, which is now
obsolete.
NOTE 2 BS 970-1 has been partially replaced and BS 1503 has been superseded/withdrawn. However, these
standards have been included in this Def Stan to cover the legacy material grades.

WARNING — The BS EN Grades materials are not, in all cases, of identical composition and properties
to those they replace. Whilst the BS EN replacement materials are of similar mechanical capability to
their BS predecessors, users should satisfy themselves of the material suitability to meet individual
component requirements.

Table 1 — Applicable Forging Grades

3
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Element Per Cent

Not less than Not more than

Aluminium (see NOTE) 0.015 0.035

Sulphur - 0.010
Phosphorus - 0.015
Nitrogen (see NOTE) - 0.015
Boron - 0.0005

NOTE The restriction on the aluminium content applies to Grades A, B, C, G, H and I only and additionally for
these Grades the Aluminium:Nitrogen ratio shall be greater than 2:1.

Table 2 — Chemical Composition Limitations

Grade Percentage Grade Percentage

A 0.96
B 0.86
C 0.94
E 0.62
F 0.62
G 1.12
H 0.86
I 0.94
J 0.62
K 0.56
L 0.54
M 0.54

Carbon Equivalent Values are calculated using the following formula:

Mn Cr + Mo + V Ni + Cu
CEV = C + + +
6 5 15

Where C = % carbon
Mn = % manganese
Cr = % chromium
Mo = % molybdenum
V = % vanadium
Ni = % nickel
Cu = % Copper

Table 3 — Maximum Permitted Carbon Equivalent Values

4
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

6.2 Manufacture
6.2.1 Method
a) The steel shall be produced by the basic electric or basic oxygen furnace route and shall be vacuum
degassed/refined. The steel shall be fully killed using the Aluminium fine-grained practice.

b) Sufficient discard shall be removed from the top and bottom of ingots to ensure freedom from piping
and harmful segregation in the finished forging. The bottom discard shall not be less than 3% of the
body of the ingot above the well.

c) Forgings shall be brought as near to final dimensions as feasible by hot working. Grain flow in the
forging shall be in accordance with the requirements of the contract drawing or, if not specified, shall
be consistent with good forging practice. Initial hot working on ingot feedstock may be conducted
from a temperature of 1250°C and shall be completed above 850°C. Subsequent forging operations
and all forging operations with billet feedstock shall be conducted within the temperature range of
1250°C to 850°C. The selected forging temperature range shall be such that no detrimental effects
are imparted to the forgings. Final dimensions shall only be achieved by the minimum of machining
and/or grinding.

d) The ratio of the mean cross sectional area of the ingot to that of the main body of the forging shall be
not less than 2:1. Where an upsetting operation is used, this criteria relates to the cross sectional
area of the upset bloom and not the ingot. This ratio shall not be greater than 10:1 on the thinnest
section as forged.

6.2.2 Heat Treatment

a) Heat treatment of the steel at all stages of manufacture shall be conducted in a manner that shall
preclude the formation of detrimental metallurgical structure or physical defects. Heat treatment shall
be performed in suitably designed furnaces with an adequate level of temperature monitoring.
Monitoring equipment shall produce a hard copy permanent record of temperature and time.

b) Finish forged products shall be ‘normalized and tempered’ or ‘quenched and tempered’ unless
specified otherwise. To achieve the specified properties, the normalizing and tempering
temperatures shall be within the ranges specified in BS 970-1 or BS 1503 for grades A to F and in
Table 4 for grades G to M.

Temperature Range °C

Grade Austenitising Tempering

Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum

G 865 885 550 650

H 820 860 540 680
I 830 860 540 660
J 890 950 620 740
K 850 925 625 675
L 880 940 580 640
M 850 900 600 660

Table 4 — Permitted Heat Treatment Temperature Ranges

5
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

6.3 Testing

6.3.1 Non–Destructive Testing, Acceptance Standards and Recording of Defects

a) After final heat treatment and machining each forging shall be visually examined for surface defects
and shall be subjected to magnetic particle and ultrasonic examinations. Dye penetrant testing may
be used as an alternative to magnetic particle examination. The Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)
methods shall be in accordance with the requirements of Def Stan 02-729 Parts 2, 4 and 5.

b) The size and location of all defect indications shall be recorded and marked on the item as the
examination progresses. Records shall be sufficiently detailed to permit application of the quality
acceptance standard required by the customer as defined in the contract documents.

c) With the agreement of the customer and provided the final component dimensions can still be
achieved, surface defects may be removed by grinding.

6.3.2 Sampling for Mechanical Testing

a) All samples for mechanical testing shall be taken from the forging prolongations as shown in
Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3 after all heat treatment has been completed. Provision shall be
made for retests as considered necessary.

b) Test pieces shall be taken as follows:

1) For forgings weighing 200 kg or more, specimens shall be taken from every forging prolongation
in accordance with Figure 1, Figure 2 or Figure 3 as appropriate;

2) For forgings weighing less than 200 kg, individual forgings specimens shall be taken from every
forging in accordance with Figure 1, Figure 2 or Figure 3 as appropriate. For batches of
forgings, specimens shall be taken from 25% of the forgings in accordance with Figure 1,
Figure 2 or Figure 3 as appropriate. Duplicate specimens from the bottom end are not required
regardless of length to width ratio. A batch is defined as a group of forgings produced from one
heat or melt and heat treated in the same heat treatment charge;

3) For multiple forgings, the composite forging weight governs whether the procedure at
Clause 6.3.2b)1) or Clause 6.3.2b)2) above applies;

4) For bars in the finally heat treated condition, specimens shall be cut from the heat treated bars
and shall not be further heat treated or mechanically worked after their removal.
One longitudinal tensile and three transverse Charpy ‘V’ notch impact tests shall be made on
any batch of bars of similar size from the same cast and heat treated together.

c) Certain components of complex shape, e.g. closed die forgings, where all the parameters are not
fully defined, shall be subject to approval by the equipment sponsor at the design stage. Approval
submissions for such items shall include the following:

1) Sufficient sketches to define shape, size and grain flow;

2) Details of the production route;

3) Proposals for the locations and number of test pieces.

6
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2
When L is 2 x W or Greater Tests shall be repeated on this end

Longitudinal
Tensile Test L
Longitudinal
Charpy Tests
T 25 mm
/4 = 60 mm

Top End with Respect to as Cast Ingot

25 mm

T
T
/2

W
/4

Figure 1 — Location of Specimens for Rectangular and Cross Sections

When L is 2 x D or Greater Tests shall be repeated on this end

D 25 mm
/4 = 60 mm
Top End with Respect to as Cast Ingot
25 mm
D
/4

Longitudinal Charpy Tests

Longitudinal Tensile Test

Figure 2 — Location of Test Specimens for Solid Circular Cross Section

7
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

When L is 2 x D or Greater Tests shall be repeated on this end

D

W L
/2

W 25 mm
/2 + 60 mm
Top End with Respect to as Cast Ingot

25 mm

Longitudinal Tensile Test

Longitudinal Charpy Tests

Figure 3 — Location of Test Specimens for Bored Circular Cross Section

6.3.3 Mechanical Test and Properties

a) Tensile tests shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10002-1.

The dimensions of the test pieces shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10002-1
Annex C with the following gauge length:

Lo = 5.65 So

(where So is the original cross–sectional area of the parallel length).

b) When required for the grades specified or required by the contract documents, tensile testing at
elevated temperature shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS EN 10002-5.

c) Charpy V–notch impact tests shall be in accordance with the requirements of

BS EN 10045-1. Full size specimens (10 x 10mm) shall be used where practicable. Energy
requirements for sub-size specimens when necessary shall be as shown in Table 5.

d) The Yield Strength (Re) or 0.2% Proof Stress (Rp0.2), Tensile Strength (Rm), elongation, Impact
Test Temperature and Impact Energy requirements for the forgings shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Table 5 or as amended by the contract documents.

e) When hardness testing is required by the applicable standard or the contract documents, this shall
be either Vickers hardness, in accordance with the requirements of BS EN ISO 6507-1, or Brinell
hardness, in accordance with the requirements of BS EN ISO 6506-1. Acceptance criteria for the
hardness test results shall be as stated in the applicable standard or the contract documents.
Portable Hardness testing methods may be employed for large forgings when agreed in the contract
document.

8
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

f) When specified in the contract documents, the mechanical properties for large section forgings shall
be determined in the ‘through thickness direction’ with an agreed specimen location and test
frequency.

g) The mechanical properties of the forgings shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 6.
It should be noted that the mechanical properties quoted are consistent with the Maximum Ruling
Sections quoted. However, the following shall apply:

1) For components with ruling sections below the maximum quoted it may be possible to heat treat
to the Tensile Strength and Yield/0.2% Proof Stress figures in excess of those quoted.
Provided the higher properties are consistent with those quoted in the material specification for
the ruling section prevailing, then the higher release properties may be defined in the contract
document;

2) For components with ruling section above the maximum quoted, the minimum release
properties shall be agreed between the Forgemaster and the Purchaser and stated in the
contract document.

h) For Grades E and F (BS 1503) and J and K (BS EN 10222-2) there is provision within the material
specification regarding 0.2% Proof Stress compliance at elevated temperature. Where this is
required, the test temperature(s) shall be stated in the contract document and the requirements of
the material specification shall be met.

6.3.4 Retests

a) Should any test pieces fail to meet the mechanical property requirements, two further test pieces
may be selected from the same sample for retest. If these are acceptable, then the item shall be
deemed to meet the specification.

b) The manufacturer has the right, provided appropriate test material is available, to re-heat/re-treat the
forgings, in which case the tests and examination shall be repeated in full as if it were a new item.
The item shall be rejected if the requirements are not achieved after two re-heat/re-treat cycles.

Specimen Cross Section Energy Factor

10mm x 10mm 1.0
10mm x 7.5mm 0.8
10mm x 5mm 0.7

Table 5 — Energy Factors for Sub–Size Impact Specimens

9
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Grade Max Ruling Yield Tensile Elongation % Charpy Impact

Section Strength min Strength min Energy min (J)
(mm) (MPa) Range (MPa)
A 150 925-1075 12 60 at -40°C
B 150 700-850 15 60 at -20°C
C 150 850-1000 13 60 at -20°C
E 200 275 440-590 19 27 at ambient
F 200 375 540-690 18 41 at ambient
G 160 800 1000-1200 11 45 at 0º C
H 150 480 700-850 15 40 at 0º C
I 160 700 900-1100 12 55 at 0º C
J 250 265 440-590 20 44 at 0º C
K 200 400 550-670 20 56 at 0º C
L 70 265 420-610 22 50 at -40º C
M 70 345 470-640 20 60 at -40º C

NOTE 1 All tests shall be at room temperature unless otherwise stated.

NOTE 2 For grades A, B, C, G, H and I the ratio of 0.2% Proof Strength (or Yield Strength) to Tensile
Strength shall not exceed 0.90.

NOTE 3 If agreed between the Forgemaster and the Purchaser, the requirement for yield strength may be
replaced by determining the 0.2% Proof Stress. In such cases, the acceptance requirements shall
be agreed and defined in the contract document.

NOTE 4 For all material Grades, requirements for impact tests at temperatures different to those indicated
above shall be defined on the contract document.

Table 6 — Mechanical Properties Grades

6.4 Quality Assurance

a) The manufacturer shall maintain QA systems and procedures in accordance with BS EN ISO 9001,
which shall ensure full material traceability.

6.4.1 Quality Assurance Documentation

a) Documents and certificates detailing material source, chemical analyses, heat treatment records,
results of mechanical tests and NDT shall be supplied in accordance with the requirements of BS
EN 10021 Grade 3.1B. All documents/certificates shall be uniquely referenced to the items to which
they refer.

10
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

6.5 Identification

a) All items shall be clearly marked by an approved method in accordance with the contract
documents. Marking shall, as a minimum, include but not be limited to the following:

1) Manufacturer’s Works Code;

2) Unique Identification Number;

3) Cast/Heat Number;

4) NATO Stock Number (where applicable).

7 Design Requirements/Guidance

No relevant information included.

8 Corporate Experience and Knowledge

No relevant information included.

Annex A

A.1 Abbreviations

A.1.1 For the purpose of this Standard the following abbreviations apply:

BS British Standard
BS EN British Standard European
CEV Carbon Equivalent Values
Def Stan Defence Standard
ISO International Standards Organisation
JSP Joint Service Publication
MOD Ministry of Defence
NDT Non-Destructive Testing
QA Quality Assurance
STGMT Sea Technology Group Materials Technology
WSA Warship Support Agency

11
DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Annex B

B.1 Procurement Check List

NOTES
1. This checklist shall ensure that certain aspects of this Defence Standard are consulted
when preparing a procurement specification for a particular application.
2. Paragraphs where a preference for an option shall be used or where specific data shall be
added are included in the checklist.
3. Each item shall be marked either:

3 = included

NA = not applicable

Check No Check Clause No 3or NA

1 Has the Steel Grade been specified? 6.1.1a)

2 Does grain flow need to be defined? 6.2.1c)
3 Is a non-standard heat treatment required? 6.2.2b)
4 Forging acceptance standards. 6.3.1b)
5 Are approval submissions required? 6.3.2c)
6 Is elevated temperature testing required and at what 6.3.3b)
temperatures?
7 Do mechanical property variations need to be 6.3.3d) and
specified? 6.3.3g)
8 Is hardness testing required and if so what test 6.3.3e)
methods are acceptable?
9 Are properties to be determined in the through 6.3.3f)
thickness direction?
10 Release properties to be specified for large ruling 6.3.3g)2)
section forgings
11 Are elevated temperature 0.2% Proof Stress tests 6.3.3h)
required ?
12 Are marking requirements specified? 6.5
13 0.2% Proof Stress Acceptance Standards to be quoted Table 6, Note 2

12
 DEF STAN 02-848 Part 2 Issue 2

Index

A L
Acceptance Ladle analysis, 2
criteria, 8
standards, 6 M
Monitoring, 5
C
Carbon equivalent value, 2 N
Check analysis, 2
Non-Destructive Testing, 6
Chemical composition, 2
Complex shapes, 6
P
D Permanent record, 5
Physical defects, 5
Decarburization, 5
Detrimental metallurgical structure, 5
Documentation and certification, 10 R
Rejection, 6
E Repair, 6
Retests, 6, 9
Environment, 2

F S
Service stresses, 5
Furnace
Sketches, 6
basic electric, 5
basic oxygen, 5
U
H Upset bloom, 5
Harmful segregation, 5
Heat treatment, 5 V
Hot working, 5 Vacuum degassed/refined, 5

I
Identification, 11

13
 ©Crown Copyright 2004

Copying Only as Agreed with DStan

Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from:

Defence Procurement Agency

An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence

Directorate of Standardization

Kentigern House

65 Brown Street

GLASGOW G2 8EX

DStan Helpdesk

Tel 0141 224 2531/2

Fax 0141 224 2503

Internet e-mail enquiries@dstan.mod.uk

Contract Requirements

When Defence Standards are incorporated into contracts users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contractual and statutory requirements. Compliance with a
Defence Standard does not in itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Revision of Defence Standards

Defence Standards are revised as necessary by an up issue or amendment. It is important that

users of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or
amendment. Information on all Defence Standards is contained in Def Stan 00-00 Standards for
Defence Part 3 Index of Standards for Defence Procurement Section 4 'Index of Defence
Standards and Defence Specifications' published annually and supplemented regularly by
Standards in Defence News (SID News). Any person who, when making use of a Defence
Standard encounters an inaccuracy or ambiguity is requested to notify the Directorate of
Standardization (DStan) without delay on order that the matter may be investigated and
appropriate action taken.