Brazil 6G Project – An Approach to Build a
National-wise Framework for 6G Networks
José Marcos C. Brito Luciano Leonel Mendes
Inatel - National Institute of Inatel - National Institute of
Telecommunications Telecommunications
Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Brazil Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Brazil
brito@inatel.br lucianol@inatel.br
Abstract — Typically, the evolution of the 3GPP mobile
communication standards follow a pattern where a new
generation is proposed every 10 years. The requirements and
applications that are covered by a new mobile network are
defined by those countries that researches this topic and provide
most interesting technical solutions. In order to be active in this
process, Brazil must start researching 6G networks and propose
solutions for the most relevant applications for the national
scenario. This paper presents the 6G Brazil project, which aims
for structuring the Brazilian research efforts towards the
conception of the 6G networks. The main overall goal of the
project is to increase the influence during the standardization
process, guarantying that the important applications for the
Brazilian society and economy are addressed by the future
mobile network.
Keywords — 6G networks, mobile communications, Brazilian
framework.
I. INTRODUCTION
The first generation of the mobile networks (1G) [1] was
developed in the 80’s. Since then, a new generation has been
proposed every 10 years, with significant improvements over
the previous standard. From the second generation (2G) [2] up
to the fourth generation (4G) [3], the main focus of
improvement was the data rates offered to the users, with each
new generation providing approximately ten times more
capacity than its predecessor. The fifth generation of the
mobile networks (5G) [4], which research towards
standardization process started around 2010 [5] and with
initial commercial deployment estimated for 2020, is
revolutionizing the mobile network market by proposing
several new applications organized in three different scenarios
[6], defined as: enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB),
massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra
Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC). A new
scenario, particularly important for continental sized
countries, such as Brazil, is the enhanced Remote Area
Communications (eRAC) [7]. For now, only the eMBB has
been completely standardized [8] and the other scenarios will
be integrated to the 5G networks in the upcoming 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPPP) releases.
The evolution of the mobile networks shows that a new
standard is proposed every decade. Hence, it is expected that
the sixth generation of mobile networks (6G) [9] will be
proposed and deployed by 2030. Figure 1 presents the
innovations brought by each generation of mobile networks
978-1-7281-6047-4/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
José Gustavo Sampaio Gontijo
MCTIC – Ministry of Science,
Technology, Innovation and
Communication
Brasília, Brazil
jose.gontijo@mctic.gov.br
and foresees the development of the 6G network, although its
main functions and applications are still open questions.
1G 2G
Digital Voice 3G 4G 5G 6G
Analog Voice Video and audio eMBB, mMTC,
Communication
and SMS
Communication
WEB Browsing
streaming URLLC
????
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 time
Figure 1. Evolution of the mobile networks.
The standardization of a mobile network generation is
steered by a previous intense scientific research and
technological development. Based on the requirement and
foreseen applications for the next generation, the innovations
achieved by the research efforts provide solutions to support
the future standard. Typically, the research efforts start one
decade before the definition and deployment of a given
generation.
Hence, by repeating the typical cycle that culminates in a
new generation, the definition of the first requirements and the
research efforts towards the conception of the 6G networks
shall start now in order to have the new standard ready by
2030. Indeed, there are several projects and initiatives around
the world aiming for the development of the next generation
of mobile networks. The main highlights today are:
• 6G Flagship Project, University of Oulu, Finland [9];
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Focus
Group for Network 2030 [10];
• Let’s start talking about 6G! – IEEE Future Directions
[11];
Besides these projects, several companies are now
researching 6G networks. The main examples are Samsung
[12], Huawei [13], LG in partnership with the Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) [14],
Sony and Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation
(NTT) in partnership with Intel [15]. Also, the Chinese
Ministry of Science and Technology has created a 6G research
and development group dedicated for developing solutions for
the next mobile network standard [16].
Historically, Brazil has always employed technologies
conceived and developed by the big technological players in
the mobile communication market, adapting these solutions to
address the national demands. This approach has resulted in a
partial coverage of several important applications for the
Brazilian society. In some cases, scenarios of high social and
economic importance have not been addressed at all because
the technology was not designed to operate in the requested
conditions. The rural area Internet access is one of the biggest
examples of this situation. A huge effort is being done in 5G
networks to change this reality, and the results achieved by the
Radiocommunication Reference Center (RRC) hosted by the
National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel) [17] are the
main examples. Another important initiatives are the creation
of the 5G Brazil project, hosted by Telebrasil [18], and by the
5G-RANGE project [7]. However, these efforts have started
in 2015, 2018 and 2017, respectively, at least 5 years after the
beginning of the 5G research around the world. Although the
efforts realized by the Brazilian initiatives are leading to
impactful results, the delay in starting the development
introduced new challenges and might have reduced the
probability of success in influencing the 5G standard.
It is clear that the capability of a country to influence the
standardization process and to propose new technologies is
proportional to the research results with high impact in the
scientific community achieved by this country. Therefore, for
Brazil to position itself as a relevant player in the 6G network
definition, the national research projects towards this new
mobile network must start together with the major
international players. The fact that the first results in 6G
networks started to be published in 2018 [19], with an
exponential growth in 2019, indicates that Brazil must start
researching this new mobile network today in order to play a
significant role on its standardization process.
The aim of this paper is to propose an approach to build a
framework and a guideline for the 6G development in Brazil,
allowing the construction of a national-wise view for the
future mobile network. This framework will allow the
Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Information and
Communication (MCTIC) to develop concrete actions to
support the 6G researches in Brazil.
The remaining of this paper is organized as following:
Section II shows the evolution path from 5G to 6G,
highlighting the main technologic trends that will support the
future mobile networks, while Section III shows a picture of
the 5G development in Brazil today. Section IV presents the
main goals and structure of the Brazil 6G project and the
expected results for the upcoming years. Finally, Section V
concludes this paper.
II. FROM 5G TO 6G
The first version of 5G networks, focusing only on the
eMBB scenario, was introduced by 3GPP in 2018 in its
Release 15 [8]. This release served as the basis for the
implementation of several networks worldwide in 2019, such
as those deployed in the following countries: Australia, China,
Germany, Italy, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, and United States of America.
The next two scenarios for the evolution of 5G, mMTC
and URLLC, are expected to be included in the next 3GPP
releases 16 and 17, in 2020 and 2021, respectively.
In parallel with the evolution of 5G networks, research on
the definition of 6G networks has already begun, as mentioned
in Section I. Some scenarios predicted for 6G networks are
described as an improvement of the scenarios defined for 5G
networks, like FemBB (Further-eMBB); but some new
scenarios are also defined, for example: LDHMC (Long-
distance and High Mobility Communications), ELPC
(Extremely Low Power Communications), COC
(Computation Oriented Communications), CAeC
(Contextually Agile emBB Communications), EDuRLLC
(Event Defined Ultra-Reliable Low Latency
Communications), uHSLLC (Ultrahigh-speed-with-low-
latency Communications), and Rural Connectivity [20] [21]
[22] [23].
In terms of new applications for 6G networks, the
following can be highlighted: 3D imaging and sensing, fine
medicine, intelligence disaster prediction, surreal virtual
reality and XR experiences (AR – Augmented Reality , VR –
Virtual Reality and MR - mixed reality), full-sensory digital
sensing reality, HTC (Holographic Type Communications),
telepresence, multi-sense networks, Internet of nano-things,
Internet of bodies, Internet of skills, holographic verticals and
society, fully automated driving and autonomous vehicles,
tele-operated driving, space travel, deep-sea sightseeing, and
data center connectivity [9] [10] [21] [24] [25] [26] [27].
Although the results of the researches in 6G networks are
still incipient, some points can be highlighted. The first one is
that the 6G network needs to be ubiquitous and will be a
human-centric network [9] [22] [24]. Some other highlights,
in terms of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and
technological trends, are summarized below.
A. KPIs
Most KPIs defined for 6G networks are, as expected, an
evolution of the KPIs defined for 5G networks. However,
there are some new indicators, as described below:
• Peak data rate: 1 Tbps [9] [20] [26] [28] and greater than
1 Tbps [21];
• User-experienced data rate: 1 Gbps [21] and 10 Gbps [28];
• Latency: < 1 ms [20] [26] [29], 0.1 ms [9] [28] [30], and
0.01-0.1 ms [21];
• Jitter: 1 microsecond [28];
• Density: 100 devices per m3 [1] and 107 devices/km2 [21]
[27];
• Traffic capacity: 1-10 Gbps/m3 [28], 1 Gbps/m2 [21] and
10-1000 times higher than 4G [26];
• Energy: energy efficiency 100 times higher than 4G [21],
energy/bit equal to 1 pJ/bit [28], 10 times more energy
efficient than 4G [9], and battery lifetime of 20 years [9];
• Spectrum efficiency: 5-10 times higher than 4G [21];
• Reliability: maximum 1 out of million outage [9], FER
(Frame Error Rate) equal to 10-9 [28], and PLR (Packet
Loss Ratio) equal to 10-9 [29];
• Positioning: 10 cm (indoor) and 1 m (outdoor) [9] and
location precision equal to 1 cm in 3D [28];
• Mobility: equal to or greater than 1.000 km/h [21].
B. Technological Trends
To achieve the KPIs listed above, 6G networks will need
to use unprecedent new technical solutions compared to those
considered for 5G networks. Several technological trends are
pointed to 6G networks and the main highlights are:
• Intense use of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and ML Conservative Forecast
(Machine Learning) [9] [20] [21] [22] [26] [27] [28] [31]
100
[32] [33] [34] [35]; 90
• THz communications [9] [20] [21] [26] [31] [35] [36] [37] 80

Percentage of contracts
[38] [39] [40]; 70
60
• VLC (Visible Light Communication) [9] [21] [26] [28] 50
[31] [34] [39] [40]; 40
30
• Holographic techniques (beamforming, radio, and RF) [9] 20
[21] [22]; 10

• New multiple access schemes [9] [41] [42]; 0

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

• New modulation techniques: geometric and probabilistic 2G 3G 4G 5G

QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) constellation,
multi-domain index modulation, and OAM-MDM Figure 2. Conservative forecast for the 5G penetration in Brazil.
(Orbital Angular Momentum-Based Mode-Division
Multiplexing) [9] [21] [26]; Optmistic Forecast
• Ultra-massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) 100
[21] [26]; 90

Percentage of contracts
80
• Quantum communications and computing [21] [31]; 70
• Blockchain-based solutions [9] [21]; 60
50
• Flexible RATs (Radio Access Technologies) [26] [36]; 40
30
• LIS (Large Intelligent Surface [9] [21]; 20
• Space-terrestrial integrated network [26] [43]. 10
0
III. 5G IN BRAZIL 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

The 5G implementation process in Brazil will start most
likely in Q4 2020 with the spectrum auction to be conducted
by Anatel (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações – National
Telecommunication Agency). For this auction the following
frequency bands are defined: 700 MHz (708-718 and 763-773
MHz, with 10 + 10 MHz and 5 + 5 MHz blocks); 2.3 GHz
(2.3-2.39 GHz, with 10 MHz blocks); 3.5 GHz (3.3-3.35 GHz,
with 50 MHz and 10 MHz blocks and 3.35-3.6 GHz, with 10
MHz blocks), and 26 GHz (25.9-27.5 GHz, with 200 MHz
blocks).
If the auction is indeed concluded in 2020, the first
commercial 5G networks in Brazil are expected to be installed
by 2021. Based on the evolution of mobile communications
networks in Brazil for previous generations and also based on
the economic and social impact of 5G networks, Inatel has
made two predictions of the 5G penetration in Brazil, one
adopting conservative assumptions and another one adopting
optimistic assumptions. Both predictions were based on 3G
and 4G adoption ratio observed in Latin America, but the
conservative forecast takes the todays economic situation in
the region into consideration, which reduces the adoption ratio
of new technologies. The results of these predictions are
illustrated in Figure 2 and Figure 3. It is noted that in the
conservative forecast, it is expected that 30% of the population
will be covered by 5G by 2030; whereas in the optimistic
forecast this number is 65%.
IV. BRAZIL 6G PROJECT
Brazil is deploying 5G networks in pace with the main
nations that play important roles in mobile networks
development. The time gap for deployment has been severely
reduced when compared to the previous generation. However,
as already mentioned, it is important to close the gap in terms
of contributions for the standardization process by researching
solutions for the relevant applications for the Brazilian market.
2G 3G 4G 5G
Figure 3. Optimistic forecast for the 5G penetration in Brazil.
The main action towards this goal is the creation of the
Brazil 6G Project, an initiative from MCTIC in partnership
with RRC-Inatel to propose a framework for 6G conception
and development in Brazil. This project is composed by three
phases, as depicted in Figure 4.
Phase 2 Phase 3
Phase 1
6G
6G Framework Conception for
6G
Proof-of-Concept
Definition the Brazilian
Scenario
Figure 4. Main Phases of the 6G Brazil Project.
The first phase of the 6G Brazil Project aims for the
definition of a Framework for the 6G development in Brazil.
This phase will be executed in the first half of 2020 and the
main task that will be developed are:
• State-of-the-art in 6G networks: identify the main 6G
visions, applications and architectures that are being
proposed by the research centers around the world;
• Brazilian scenario for 6G: define a set of applications that
are relevant for the Brazilian society with the
corresponding requirements for the 6G networks;
• Critical analysis: analyze the outcome of the main
initiatives towards 6G and verify if the proposed solutions
are aligned with the Brazilian needs;
• Technological trends: identify the main technologies that
can be used to address the requirements defined for the
relevant Brazilian applications;
• Worldwide alignment: present the main conclusions and
results achieved by the project to operators, industry,
government agencies, standardization bodies and other
research centers in order to collect feedbacks and enhance
the outcome of the project;
• Framework definition: consolidate a framework for the
development of a 6G ecosystem in Brazil.
The second phase of the Brazil 6G Project consists on
conceiving a 6G architecture that fully addresses the
requirements of the applications mapped in the first phase.
The network conception will include technology definition,
integration, parametrization and computational simulation for
the physical layer (PHY), medium access control layer (MAC)
and network layer (NET). The main tasks in this phase are:
• Definition of the overall system architecture: definition of
the main blocks and functions necessary to address the
requirements mapped in Phase 1;
• Technology definition: based on the applications
requirements and technological trends presented in Phase
1, define the main technologies to be used in order to
implement the PHY, MAC and NET layers;
• PHY definition: conception of the 6G PHY that has all the
necessary features to support the most important Brazilian
applications;
• MAC definition: conception of the 6G MAC that can
exploit the flexibility and features of the PHY and also
adds functionalities to support the mapped applications;
• NET definition: conception of the 6G core network that
can support all relevant applications for the Brazilian
scenario;
• Detailed 6G Network conception: complete design of the
6G network that is able to cover all the needs of the
Brazilian society;
• Dissemination and standardization efforts: actions to share
the main findings of the project with academia, industry,
operators, regulators and standardization bodies.
The third phase of the project, and the most ambitious one,
aims for the development of a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of the
6G Network, where the main enabling technologies will be
implemented in a real-time prototype network. The PoC will
integrate the techniques implemented for the PHY, MAC and
NET layers using Software Defined Radio (SDR) and
Software Defined Network (SDN) approaches based on an
open platform, which easies the transfer of the developed
technologies to the market. The main activities within the third
phase are:
• PHY: implementation of the necessary blocks and
techniques for the Radio Access Network (RAN) using
SDR approach;
• MAC: implementation of a basic MAC layer with the
functions necessary to show the main applications for the
Brazilian market;
• NET: implementation of the NET layer able to support the
applications foreseen for the Brazilian market, employing
SDN approach;
• PoC Integration: integration of the PoC with the
implementation of the necessary application program
interfaces (APIs);
• Field test and demonstration: performance evaluation of
the proposed network and demonstration of the main
applications for the Brazilian market;
• Dissemination and contributions for the standardization:
the efforts to disseminate the main findings of the project
will continue in the third phase, also aiming for
contributing with the standardization of the new network.
The results achieved in the three phases of the 6G Brazil
project will contribute for the conception and development of
a more global 6G network. This approach will open new
markets by addressing the communication problems of a
larger group of countries, which typically have different
requirements from those that historically propose the
standards for mobile networks.
V. CONCLUSION
Research efforts for the development of 6G networks have
already started in several countries. The expected economic
and social impacts of these networks are even greater than that
of 5G networks. To have effective participation in the process
of standardization of 6G networks, ensuring that national
specificities are addressed in this new generation, Brazil needs
to undertake research and development efforts together with
the main countries of the world. The 6G Brazil Project,
presented in this paper, aims to establish a framework and a
roadmap for the development of the 6G network ecosystem in
the country, including technological, legal, economic and
regulatory aspects.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was partially supported by CNPq-Brasil and by
RNP, with resources from MCTIC, Grant No.
01250.075413/2018-04, under CRR/RNP joint project on 5G-
IoT networks.
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