Differentiation

and
The Derivative

Derivatives of Exponential
and Logarithmic Functions
Casiano DC. Jaurigue
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

An exponential function with base 𝒂 is denoted by

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒂𝒙
where 𝑎 and 𝑥 are real numbers such that 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1.

0<𝑎<1 𝑎>1
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
For 𝑥 > 0, 𝑎 > 0, and 𝑎 ≠ 1, the logarithmic function
with base 𝒂 is denoted by 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙
where
𝑦 = log 𝑎 𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦

0<𝑎<1 𝑎>1
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

▪ Natural logarithms are logarithms to the base 𝒆.

▪ 𝒆 is an irrational number having a value of 2.71828182…
𝒚
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐧𝒙 ⟺ 𝒙 = 𝒆
Properties
▪ 𝑒 ln𝑥 = 𝑥
▪ ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
▪ log 𝑎 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥
▪ 𝑎log𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑥
The Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒂 𝒙
▪ If 𝒂 is not indicated, it is understood to be equal to 10 and
the function is referred to as the common logarithmic
function.
𝒚 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟏𝟎 𝒙 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒙 ⟺ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟎𝒚

ln 𝑀
▪ log 𝑎 𝑀 =
ln 𝑎
log 𝑀
=
log 𝑎
log𝑐 𝑀
=
log𝑐 𝑎
Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

If 𝑢 is a differentiable function of 𝑥, then

𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
𝐷𝑥 𝑎 = 𝑎 ⋅ ln 𝑎 ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 𝑒 = 𝑒 ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢

1 1
𝐷𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢 𝐷𝑥 ln 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢 ln 𝑎 𝑢
Example 1. Find the derivative of the ff. exponential functions

a. 𝑦 = 5𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 5𝑥 ⋅ ln5 ⋅ 1 𝐷𝑥 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑎𝑢 ⋅ ln 𝑎 ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
= (ln5) 5𝑥
3𝑥 2 −1 2 −1
1 1 3𝑥 1
b. 𝑦 = 4
′
⇒ 𝑦 = ⋅ ln ⋅ 6𝑥
4 4
3𝑥 2 −1
1 1
= 6 ln 𝑥
4 4

c. 𝑦 = 3cos 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 3cos 𝑥 ⋅ ln 3 ⋅ (− sin 𝑥)

= − ln 3 ⋅ sin 𝑥 ⋅ 3cos 𝑥
 Example 1. Find the derivative of the ff. exponential functions

d. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 ⋅ ln𝑒 ⋅ 1 𝐷𝑥 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑎𝑢 ⋅ ln 𝑎 ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
= 𝑒𝑥

tan(𝑥−𝑥 2)
3
e. 𝑦 = 5
tan(𝑥−𝑥 2)
′ 3 3
⇒ 𝑦 =
5
⋅ ln ⋅ sec 2 (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) ⋅ (1 − 2𝑥)
5

tan(𝑥−𝑥 2)
3 3
= ln (1 − 2𝑥) sec 2 (𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )
5 5
Example 2. Find the derivative of the following functions
1 1
a. 𝑦 = log 2 (7𝑥) ⇒ 𝑦 =
′ ⋅7 𝐷𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
7𝑥 ∙ ln 2 𝑢 ln 𝑎
1
=
(ln 2)𝑥
1
b. 𝑦 = log 5/3 (sec 𝑥) ⇒ 𝑦 ′ = ∙ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
sec 𝑥 ∙ ln(5/3)
tan 𝑥
=
ln(5/3)
′
1 1
c. 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 = log 𝑒 𝑥 ⇒ 𝑦 = ∙1=
𝑥 ∙ ln 𝑒 𝑥
Example 2. Find the derivative of the following functions

𝑥 1
d. 𝑦 = 𝑒 log 𝑥 Product rule 𝐷𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑢 = ⋅ 𝐷𝑥 𝑢
𝑢 ln 𝑎
′ 𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑦 =𝑒 ∙ + log 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒𝑥
𝑥∙ln 10
𝑥 1
=𝑒 + log 𝑥
(ln 10)𝑥

2 1 1
e. 𝑦 = log 4 (Arcsin 𝑥 ) ⇒ 𝑦 = 2
′
∙
Arcsin 𝑥 ∙ ln 4 1 − 𝑥2 2

1
=
(ln 4) 1 − 𝑥 4 ∙ Arcsin 𝑥 2
Practice Exercise A. Find the derivative of the following functions
Practice Exercise. Evaluate the following:
Next:

1
Sir Choy