INDUCTIVE REASONING AND DEDUCTIVE

REASONING
Inductive reasoning:
It is a type of reasoning where a general conclusion is drawn from
specific observations or examples. In other words, it involves going from
a specific case to a general principle. For example, if you observe several
swans and they are all white, then you might conclude that "all swans are
white."

Inductive reasoning examples:

1. Every cat you have ever seen has a furry tail. Therefore, every cat must
have a furry tail.
2. Every time you have visited a restaurant, they have served you good
food. Therefore, you believe that all restaurants serve good food.
3. After studying rocks from different locations, a geologist might make a
generalization that all rocks contain some percentage of minerals.
Deductive reasoning, on the other hand, involves drawing a specific
conclusion from a general principle or statement. It involves going from a
general statement to a specific case. For example, if the statement "all
swans are white" is true and you observe a swan, then you can deduce
that "this swan is white."

Deductive reasoning examples:

1. All men are mortal.

Socrates is a man.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

2. All birds have wings.

Penguins do not have wings.
Therefore, penguins are not birds.

3. If A is greater than B, and B is greater than C, then A is definitely

greater than C.

In summary, inductive reasoning goes from specific cases to general

principles, while deductive reasoning goes from general principles to
specific cases.