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11
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
QUARTER 4
WEEK 3

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

SUBJECT & Practical

QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 DAY ___________________________________
GRADE/LEVELResearch 1 dd/mm/yyyy

UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY

TOPIC
COLLECT DATA
LEARNING Code:  Plans data collection, data gathering instrument, and
COMPETENCY CS_RS11-Iva-c-3 analysis procedures
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on your paper.

UNDERSTAND
Title: UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT DATA

Data collection is defined as the “process of gathering and measuring information on variables of
interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer queries, stated research
questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.” It is the process by which the researchers collect
the information needed to answer the research problem.

In collecting the data, the researcher must decide, which data to collect, how to collect the data, who
will collect the data and when to collect the data. Moreover, the selection of data collection must be
based on the following: the identified hypothesis or research problem, the research design and the
information gathered about the variables.
Types of Data
1. Primary data
These are data that have been collected from first-hand experience.
2. Secondary Data
These are data collected from a source that has already been published in any form such as books,
records, biographies, newspapers, data archives, internet articles, etc.

Research Instruments
Instrument or Tool is deifned and described as a device used to collect data that facilitates variable
observation and measurement. The type of instrument instrument used by the researcher depends on
the data collection method selected.

Ways of Searching for Research Instrument

1. Read professional journals to learn what kind of instruments are being used for similar
studies, their format, style, and how they are being used by the writers. This gives the
researcher the idea about the different approaches that suit their research needs.
2. Read books that provide ideas, descriptions or an actual copy of various instruments for the
researcher to adopt.
3. Talk with other researchers who have sufficient ideas, experiences and expertise of certain
tools they have developed for themselves, or may have used tools developed by the
researcher.
4. Combine or adapt one or more tools used by other researchers. consolidate the ideas to
come up with an effective instrument.
5. Develop your own instrument to gather meaningful and relevant data.

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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Types of Research Instruments

1. Questionnaire
A series of questions designed to elicit information which is filled in by all participants in the sample.
The most common type of instrument that can be gathered either by oral interview or by written
questionnaire.
Advantages
a) Relatively less complex method of obtaining data.
b) Time can be maximized and is less consumed.
c) The researcher can gather data from a widely scattered sample.

Disadvantages
a) Responses to a questionnaire lack depth.
b) Respondent may omit or disregard any item he chooses.
c) Some items may force the subject to select responses that are not his actual choice.
d) Length of the quationnaire is limited to the respondent’s interests.
e) Printing may be costly esecially of it is lengthy.
f) Data are limited to the information that is voluntarily supplied by the respondents.
g) Some items may be misunderstood.
h) The sample is limited to those who are literated.

Techniques for Developing Questionnaire

a) Researcher may read literatures about the topic look through available quationnaires or btain
help from experts.
b) Open-ended questions are preferable than closed quations since they reflect respondent’s
feelings, attitudes, which are expressed in his own words.
c) If yes-no questions are used; additional information may be gained by leaving space for
respondent’s own idea.
d) The possibility of middle ground statement is also important.
e) Every item in a questioannaire should relate to the topic under study.

Criteria of a Good Questioannaire

1. Clarity of Language
It must meet the level of understanding of the respondents in order to generate needed responses.
2. Singleness of Objective
An item must have one answer or response.
3. One-to-One Correspondence
The questionnaire as a whole must correspond and correlate with the objectives of the study.
4. Correct Grammar, Spelling, and Construction
The questioannaire must be constructed observing grammatically correct sentences, correctly spelled
words, coherence in construction of sentence, etc.

Degree of Structured Questions

1. Open-ended Questions
This gives the respondents the ability to respond in their own words. The respondents can freely answer
quations based on their beliefs, opinions, philosopy, and personal experiences.
2. Closed-ended or fixed alternative
This allows the subject to choose one of the given alternatives. The respondents are given chioces to
choose from and it cones with different types which can be used according to its purpose and problem.

Specific Types of Close-ended Questions:

1. Dichotomous Questions
This requires the respondents to make a choice between two responses such as yes or no, male or
female, or married or unmarried.
Example:
Have you been ligated?
_____ Yes
_____ No
2. Multiple Questions
This type of question offers more than one choice that the respondents can choose from.

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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Example:
How favorable is it to you to be pregnant at this time?
______ Very Favorable
______ Favorable
______ Not Sure
______ Unfavorable
______ Very Unfavorable
3. Cafeteria Questions
A special type of multiple-choice question. The respondents are asked to select a response according
to their point of view, beliefs, and opinions.
Example:
People have different views on “family Planning”, which of the following best represent your
views?
_____1. Family planning is necessary to quality life.
_____2. Family planning is immoral and should be totally banned.
_____3. Family planning has desirable side effects that suggest need for caution.
_____4. Family planning has beneficial effects that merit its prcatice.
_____5. Family planning is moral and should be practiced.
4. Rank-Order Questions
The respondents are asked to choose a response ranking their response or answer from the “most “ to
the “least”.
Example:
Why must family planning be practiced? Rank your answers from the 1- most reasonable to 5-
least reasonable?
_____ Limits maternal disabilities.
_____ Gives parents more time to meet family needs.
_____ Helps maintain financial viability of the family.
_____ Affords more working hours for couples.
_____ Ensures family capability to educate all the children in the future.
5. Rating Questions
The respondents are asked to judge something along an ordered dimension. The respondents are
allowed to rate or place the chocies in order depending on their desired answer or response to a specific
question or statement.
Example:
On the scale of 1 to 5 where 1 means strongly disagree and 5 means strongly agree , the Health
Center in Barangay A provides you the necessary services.
_____5- Strongly agree
_____4- Agree
_____3- Uncertain
_____2- Disagree
_____1- Strongly disagree
2. Checklist
These are items that comprise several questions on a topic and require the same response format. This
allows respondents to choose a response by placing a check on their desired chioce.
Example:
Here are some characteristics of birth-control device that are of varying importance to different
people. How important are the following in choosing a birth-control method?
Characteristics of Of very great Of great Of some Of no
birth-control device importance importance importance importance
1. comfort
2. cost
3. ease of use
4. effectiveness
5. noninterference of
spontaneity
6. safety
7. safety of partner

3. Interview
Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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This involves either structure or unstructured verbal communication between the researcher and subject
during which information is obtained for a study. This instrument gives the interviewee the chance to
directly ask the question and expcts the respondents to interact with the question or statement given.

Types of Interview
1. Unstructured Interviews
A type of interview that is more conventional, conducted in a usual situation and allows the researcher’s
flexibility in questioning the subject.
2. Structured Interviews
Researcher designed the questions to be asked prior to interview including the order of the questions.
Always operate within formal written instrument reffered as interview schedule. The questions are
asked orally in either face to face or telehone format.

4. Observation
Most commonly used in qualitative research. this type of uses the different senses to obtatin an
observation and data.
Types of Observation
1. Unstructured Observation
A method of collecting research data that has both opponents and proponents.
2. Structured observation
Preparation of record-keeping forms such as category systems, checklists, and rating scales.

5. Records
A record refers to all the numbers and statistics that institutions, organizations, and people keep as a
record of their activities. Sources include census data, educational records, hospital and clinic care.
Records use materials from archives or any related resources and reliable sources that can be used to
gather pertinent responses.
Advantages of Records
 Records are unbiased, often cover a long period of time and inexpensive
Disadvantages of Records
 There is no assurance of the accuracy of the records. No one can be sure of the conditions
under which records were colected.
6. Experimental Approach
A powerful design for testing hypothesis of casual relationships among variables. Reseacher controls
the independent variavle and watches the effect on the dependent variable.
Two Groups of Experimantal Approach
1. Treatment/ Experimental Group
2. Control group
7. Survey Approach
Non-experimental type in which the researcher investigates a community or a group of people. Also
called as formulative or exploratory research. the researcher directly visits the locale, and gather data
one on one.
Advantages of of Survey Approach
 Survey approach can provide information about the possibilities of undertaking different
types of research methods, provides data about the present, has a high degree of
representativeness and easy to get respondents and information often do not express their
true reactions to the queations.
Disdvantages of of Survey Approach
 It yields a low degree of control over extraneous variables and verbal behavior is quite
unreliable and that people.

SAQ 1: After reading some important concepts above, what will you consider in planning for data
collection and choosing the proper instrument in gathering data?
SAQ2 2: If you underwent a research in the past, what research instrument did you use?
If not, what research instrument do you plan to utilize? Why?

Let’s Practice! (Answer on your paper.)

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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Modified True or False: Read each statement comprehensively. Write the word YES if the underlined
words make the statement correct. If false, change the underlined words and write the correct answer
on your paper.
1. The research tool will only be effective as it relates to its particular purpose.
2. The research instrument should be based on the recomendations selected for the study.
3. Research Instrumentt should include an item that directly asks the conclusion.
4. The content of the instrument should be appropriate to test the hypothesis or answer
the question being studied.
5. The devised research tool should provide comparable data every time the subject uses the
instrument.
6. The research tool should be designed and constructed in such a way that cheating is maximized.
7. The researcher, through the instrument, should be able to gather data that are appropriate in order
to test the hypothesis or to answer the questions under investigation..
8. The response given by each respondent in the research should solely be his own. There should be
no contamination throgh outside influences, such as someone else’s idea or products.
9. The research instrument should be suitable for its function.
10. The research instrument should be valid and factual.

Let me know how you plan!

From the research title you have formulated from the previous topic (writing a research title), what data
gathering instrument best fits your research problem? Write a research plan and describe how will you
obtain data.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

REMEMBER
Key Points

Data collection is defined as the “process of gathering and measuring information on variables of
interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer queries, stated research
questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.” It is the process by which the researchers collect
the information needed to answer the research problem.

In collecting the data, the researcher must decide, which data to collect, how to collect the data, who
will collect the data and when to collect the data. Moreover, the selection of data collection must be
based on the following: the identified hypothesis or research problem, the research design and the
information gathered about the variables.

Types of research instruments include: questionnaire, checklist, interview, observation, records,

experimental approach, and survey approach.

TRY
Let us see how much you have learned today!
Directions: Multiple Choice: Read each item comprehensively. Choose the letter of your choice on your
paper.

1. It is the process by which the researchers collect the information needed to answer the research problem.

a. Data analysis
b. Data interpretation
c. Data collection
d. Data gathering

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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2. The most common type of instrument where the researcher gives a series of questions designed to elicit
information which is filled in by all participants in the sample.
a. questionnaire
b. interview
c. observation
d. checklist

3. People have different views on “family Planning”, which of the following best represents your views?
_____1. Family planning is necessary to quality life.
_____2. Family planning is immoral and should be totally banned.
_____3. Family planning has desirable side effects that suggest need for caution.
_____4. Family planning has beneficial effects that merit its prcatice.
_____5. Family planning is moral and should be practiced.
What type of close-ended question is shown from the above example?

a. Multiple choice
b. Dichotomous questions
c. Rank Order questions
d. Cafeteria questions

4. This involves either structure or unstructured verbal communication between the researcher and subject during
which information is obtained for a study. This instrument gives the interviewee the chance to directly ask the
question and expcts the respondents to interact with the question or statement given.

a. interview
b. observation
c. experiment
d. survey

5. Questionnaire is one of the instruments used in obtaining data in research. Which of the following does not
refer to the advantages of questionnaire?
a. Relatively less complex method of obtaining data
b. Time can be maximized and is less consumed
c. Length of the quationnaire is limited to the respondent’s interests
d. The researcher can gather data from a widely scattered sample

6. In developing a good questionnaire, the researcher should consider the following except for;

a. clarity of language
b. Singleness of objective.
c. Correct Grammar, Spelling, and Construction
d. Respondent’s level of perception

7. Rody aims to study the culture of a Subanen tribe. His research problem requires him to visit the
community to conduct his research. Which of the following research instrument does not fit his problem?

a. experimental approach
b. survey approach
c. observation
d. interview

8. Is defined and described as a device used to collect data that facilitates variable observation and
measurement.
a. research instrument
b. research problem
c. locale
d. respondents

9. When the questions give the respondents the ability to respond in their own words and freely answer the
questions based on their beliefs, opinions, philosopy, and personal experiences, the research questions are
called?

a. open-minded questions
Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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b. open-ended questions
c. fixed alternative questions
d. close-ended questions

10. when questions only require the respondents to make a choice between two responses this close-ended
question is called?

a. Multiple choice
b. Dichotomous questions
c. Rank Order questions
d. Cafeteria questions

Basic Guidelines for Research: An Introductory Approach for All Discipline,

Edition: First, Chapter:9, Publisher: Book Zone Publication, Chittagong-
4203, Bangladesh, pp.201-275
REFERENCE/S
Kabir (2016). Methods of Data Collection.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32584699_METHODS_OF_D
ATA_COLLECTION/link/5b3127b3a6fdcc8506cc9d48/download
https://www.slideshare.net/jhim1022/characteristics-ofresearch
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Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School