Chapter I

Introduction
1.1 Background of study
Language is a system of arbitrary vocal for human communication. Moreover language is the
most important aspect of interaction for human being. It is normally people use to
communicate with each other in daily life. According to king (1986) state that, “language is
key to knowledge, and it’s means that, all skills of human beings are produced through
language” p,1. Furthermore language is structured system of communication that consist of
grammar and vocabulary it’s means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and
written form and may also be conveyed through sings language the vast majority of human
language have developed writing systems that allow for the recording and preservation of the
sounds or sing of language. Human language is characterized by its culture and historical
diversity with significant variation observed between culture and across time. Human
language process the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation
of an infinite number of sentence, and ability to refer to object, events, and ideas that are not
immediately present in the discourse. The use of human language relies on social convention
and is acquire trough learning.

Among many other languages know in the world today. English is the only languages
adopted to the international language throughout the globe. As the international language,
people from around the world use it to communicate among them. It is the main point to help
people to read and use for communication with the people from other countries. Sapir (1921)
says, “Language is purely human and human and non-instinctive method of communicating
ideas, emotional, and desire by means of system of voluntary produced symbols” (p.8).
Nowadays, many people tend to study not only their native language but also a foreign
language, especially English language based upon the growing demands.
English lays and important role in peoples daily communication for an international
communication. English can be also used to do the business global such as: commerce,
science, political, administration and technology.

Grammar is system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the rule of a

language, but in fact no language has rule. If we use the world rule, we suggest that
somebody created the rule first and the spoke the language, like a new game. But languages
did not start like that. Language start by people making sound whir evolved into worlds.
Phrases and sentences. English grammar is the rule of using a language. Grammar is the
system of meaningful structure and patterns that are governed by particular pragmatic
constraints (Larsen-Freeman, 2001). Thus, “grammar is a description of the rule for forming
sentence, including an account of the meanings that these forms convey” (Thornbury, 1999,
p13). The system or structure of language often required to be used carefully, in terms of
understanding each other in communication either in oral or written form.