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PRACTICAL- 01
Aim- Introduction to cloud vendors: Amazon,IBM,Microsoft.
Theory- As the business move their workloads over for strategic
deployments, the competition among the cloud vendors to remain at
the top has increased rapidly. A vast majority of customer have
grabbed the attention of top cloud services providers that offer
advanced – level services and utmost security to support their
infrastructure.
Types of Cloud Computing Services
 Infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) contains the most basic building
blocks for Cloud infrastructure and offers services on tops of it such as
renting IT infrastructure (virtual or physical) and networking features.
IaaS mainly includes Cloud-based services on a pay-as-you-go model.
A user pays for computing services on IaaS because it is the
fundamental platform to build new technologies.

 Platform as a service (PaaS)

Platform-as-a-service (PaaS) refers to the supply of on-demand tools
for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software
applications. PaaS delivers a framework for developers and IT
architects to create web or mobile apps that are scalable, without
worrying about setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure
of servers, storage, network, and databases needed for development.

 Software as a service (SaaS)

Software-as-a-service (SaaS) is a method for delivering on-demand
software applications through Cloud on a subscription basis. A CSP
takes care of managing the Cloud infrastructure and offers SaaS

R
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applications over the internet to a user that are accessible through

a web browser. These applications are also available on multiple
devices which can be accessed from anywhere

#1 Microsoft remains an absolute lock at the top due to four

factors: its deep involvement at all three layers of the cloud (IaaS,
PaaS and SaaS); its unmatched commitment to developing
and helping customers deploy AI, ML and Blockchain in innovative
production environments; its market-leading cloud revenue, which I
estimate at about $16.7 billion for the trailing 12 months (not to be
confused with the forward-projected $20.4 billion annualized run
rate the company released on Oct. 26); and the extraordinary vision
and leadership of CEO Satya Nadella.

#2 Amazon might not have the end-to-end software chops of the

others in the Top 5 but it was and continues to be the poster-child
for the cloud-computing movement: the first-moving paradigm-
buster and category creator. I believe Amazon will make some big
moves to bolster its position in software, and no matter how you
slice it, the $16 billion in trailing-12-month cloud revenue from AWS
is awfully impressive.

#3 IBM has leapfrogged both Salesforce.com (formerly tied with

Amazon for #2 and now in the #4 spot) and SAP (formerly #4) on the
strength of its un-trendy but highly successful emphasis
on transforming its vast array of software expertise and technology
from the on-premises world to the cloud. In so doing, IBM has
quietly created a $15.8-billion cloud business (again on trailing-12-
month basis) that includes revenue of $7 billion from helping big
global corporations convert legacy systems to cloud or cloud-enabled
environments. And like #1 Microsoft, IBM plays in all three layers of
the cloud—IaaS, PaaS and SaaS—which is hugely important for the
elite cloud vendors because it allows them to give customers more
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choices, more seamless integration, better cybersecurity, and more

reasons for third-party developers to rally to the IBM Cloud. Plus, its
relentless pairing of "cloud and cognitive" is an excellent
approach toward weaving AI and ML deeply into customer-facing
solutions.

Range of IBM Cloud Product

Network, Storage, Compute, Management, Security, Database,

Analytics, AI, IOT, VMware, Migration, Integration.
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PRACTICAL-02
Aim- setting up virtualization using Virtual/VMware are hypervisor.
Theory-

1
Open the VirtualBox website. Go
to https://www.virtualbox.org/ in your computer's Internet
browser. This is the website from which you'll download the
VirtualBox setup file.
2
Click Download VirtualBox. It's a blue button in the middle of
the page. Doing so will open the downloads page.
3
Click Windows hosts. You'll see this link below the "VirtualBox
6.1.14 platform packages" heading. The VirtualBox EXE file will
begin downloading onto your computer.
4
Open the VirtualBox EXE file. Go to the location to which the
EXE file downloaded and double-click the file. Doing so will
open the VirtualBox installation window.

5
Navigate through the installation prompts. Do the following:
 Click Next on the first three pages.

 Click Yes when prompted.

 Click Install

 Click Yes when prompted.

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6 Click Install when prompted. Doing so will allow VirtualBox

to begin installing on your computer.

7 Click Finish when prompted. It's in the lower-right side of

the window. Doing so will close the installation window and
open VirtualBox. Now that you've installed and opened
VirtualBox, you can create a virtual machine in order to run
any operating system on your PC.
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PRACTICAL – 03
Aim – Introduction Own Cloud.
Theory –
ownCloud is a suite of client–server software for creating and
using file hosting services. ownCloud functionally has
similarities to the widely used Dropbox. The primary functional
difference between ownCloud and Dropbox is that ownCloud is
primarily server software. (The company's ownCloud.online is a
hosted service.) The Server Edition of ownCloud is free and
open-source, thereby allowing anyone to install and operate it
without charge on their own private server.
ownCloud supports extensions that allow it to work like Google
Drive, with online office suite document editing, calendar and
contact synchronization, and more. Its openness avoids
enforced quotas on storage space or the number of connected
clients, instead of having hard limits (for example on storage
space or number of users) limits are determined by the physical
capabilities of the server.
Design
Desktop clients for ownCloud are available
for Windows, macOS, FreeBSD and Linux, mobile clients
for iOS and Android devices. Files and other data (such as
calendars, contacts or bookmarks) can also be accessed,
managed, and uploaded using a web browser. Updates are
pushed to all computers and mobile devices connected to an
account.
Encryption of files may be enforced by the server administrator.
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The ownCloud server is written in PHP and JavaScript scripting

languages. In September 2020, ownCloud announced to switch
to Go. The Go-based "ownCloud Infinite Scale" (OCIS) became
first available to the public in early 2021, and in late 2021, the
beta was announced for the first quarter of 2022. ownCloud is
designed to work with several database management systems,
including SQLite, MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle Database,
and PostgreSQL.
Features owncloud is a software only product and does not
offer off-premise storage. This is in contrast to Dropbox, for
example, which offers off-premise storage. The storage
capacity for owncloud has to be provided on user-owned
devices.
ownCloud files are stored in conventional directory structures
and can be accessed via WebDAV if necessary. User files are
encrypted both at rest and during transit. ownCloud can
synchronise with local clients running Windows, macOS and
various Linux distributions. ownCloud users can manage
calendars (CalDAV), contacts (CardDAV) scheduled tasks and
streaming media (Ampache) from within the platform.
ownCloud permits user and group administration
(via OpenID or LDAP). Content can be shared by granular
read/write permissions between users or groups. Alternatively,
ownCloud users can create public URLs for sharing files.
Furthermore, users can interact with the browser-based ODF-
format word processor, bookmarking service, URL
shortening suite, gallery, RSS feed reader and document
viewer tools from within ownCloud. ownCloud can be
augmented with "one-click" applications and connection
to Dropbox, Google Drive and Amazon S3.
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PRACTICAL- 04
Aim – Introduction and configure of own cloud software for SaaS.
Theory –
What is ownCloud?
ownCloud is an open source ‘file sync and share’
software for everyone—from individuals using the free
ownCloud Server edition, to large enterprises and
service providers subscribing to the ownCloud
Enterprise edition. You can share one or more files and
folders on your computer, and synchronise them with
your ownCloud server. If you place files in your local
shared directories, they get immediately synchronised
to the server and to other devices using the ownCloud
Desktop Sync client, the Android app, or the iOS app.

Figure 1: ownCloud

Figure 2: MySQL root

password
What makes ownCloud different?
The one thing that sets ownCloud apart is that it’s open
source and freely available to anyone who wants to set
up ownCloud on a local server. The open source nature
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of ownCloud means that there is a community ready to

help with any issue that you might encounter. The app
store is one of the most important aspects of
ownCloud, with a wide variety of apps that let you
personalise your cloud.

System requirements

 ownCloud can run with a minimum of 128MB of

RAM, but 512MB is recommended.
 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS+ or Debian 7+
 MySQL/MariaDB
 PHP 5.4+
 Apache 2.4 with mod_php
Set-up and configuration
The ownCloud server package is not available within
Ubuntu’s default repositories. However, ownCloud
maintains a dedicated repository for Ubuntu 16.04. A
release key should be added to apt and the repo link
should be specified in the sources.list file to install
ownCloud and its dependencies.
To add the release key, download it using wget and
import it using the apt-key command, as follows:

$ wget -nv
https://download.owncloud.org/download/repositories/9.1/Ubun
-O Release.key
$ sudo apt-key add - < Release.key
The ‘Release.key’ is an encrypted public key
which apt will use to verify the authenticity of
ownCloud packages. In addition to that, add the
ownCloud repository in a file called owncloud.list and
save it in the sources.list.d folder as shown below:
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$ sudo sh -c “echo ‘deb

http://download.owncloud.org/download/repositories/9.1/Ubunt
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/owncloud.list”
Use the apt-get update command to make apt aware of
the change, as follows:

$ sudo apt-get update

Install the LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP)
server:

$ sudo apt-get install lamp-server^

You will be prompted with a window to create a
password for the MySQL root user. Enter a secure
password, and use the tab key and the space bar to
select the OK button.

Figure 3: Creating a database

named ‘owncloud’ using SQL

Figure 4: Create an admin

account
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Add a MySQL database

The next step is to create a MySQL database for
ownCloud. Log in to MySQL by using the following
command:

mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/debian.cnf
This opens up the MySQL command line prompt. Enter
the following SQL commands to create a user with the
name ‘owncloud’ and a database of the same name.
Replace the word ‘mysecurepassword’ with your own
password in the commands, as shown below:

-> CREATE DATABASE owncloud;

-> CREATE USER owncloud@localhost IDENTIFIED BY
'mysecurepassword';
-> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON owncloud.* TO
owncloud@localhost;
-> flush privileges;
-> quit
Install ownCloud using the apt-get install command.
The ‘owncloud’ package will install all the required
dependencies.

$ sudo apt-get install owncloud

Restart the Apache server to update the changes made
to Apache’s config directory.

$ sudo service apache2 restart

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Figure 5: Configuring the

database Figure 6: Splash

screen
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PRACTICAL – 05
Aim – Accessing Microsoft AZURE cloud-services.
Theory –
Microsoft has leveraged its constantly-expanding worldwide network
of data centers to create Azure, a cloud platform for building,
deploying, and managing services and applications, anywhere. Azure
lets you add cloud capabilities to your existing network through its
platform as a service (PaaS) model, or entrust Microsoft with all of
your computing and network needs with Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS). Either option provides secure, reliable access to your cloud
hosted data—one built on Microsoft’s proven architecture. Azure
provides an ever expanding array of products and services designed
to meet all your needs through one convenient, easy to manage
platform. Below are just some of the capabilities Microsoft offers
through Azure and tips for determining if the Microsoft cloud is the
right choice for your organization.
You can access the cloud shell in three ways:
 Direct link: open a browser to https://shell.azure.com.
 AZURE Portal: select the Cloud Shell icon on the Azure portal:
 Code snippets: On docs.microsoft.com and Microsoft learn,
select the Try It button that appears with Azure CLI and Azure
PowerShell code snippets:
The try It button opens the cloud shell directly alongside the
documentation using bash (for azure CLI snippets ) or
powershell (for Azure powershell snippets).
FEATURES
 Browser- based shell experiences.
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 Choices of preferred shell experiences.

 Authentication and configure Azure workstation.
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PRACTICAL-06
Aim- Cloud Simulation Software’s Introduction: CloudSim.
CLOUDSIM
CloudSim is an open-source framework, which is used to
simulate cloud computing infrastructure and services. It is
developed by the CLOUDS Lab organization and is written
entirely in Java. It is used for modelling and simulating a cloud
computing environment as a means for evaluating a
hypothesis prior to software development in order to reproduce
tests and results.
For example, if you were to deploy an application or a website
on the cloud and wanted to test the services and load that your
product can handle and also tune its performance to overcome
bottlenecks before risking deployment, then such evaluations
could be performed by simply coding a simulation of that
environment with the help of various flexible and scalable
classes provided by the CloudSim package, free of cost.
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FEATURES:
CloudSim provides support for simulation and modelling of:
1. Large scale virtualized Datacenters, servers and hosts.
2. Customizable policies for provisioning host to virtual
machines.
3. Energy-aware computational resources.
4. Application containers and federated clouds (joining
and management of multiple public clouds).
5. Datacenter network topologies and message-passing
applications.
6. Dynamic insertion of simulation entities with stop and
resume of simulation.
7. User-defined allocation and provisioning policies