OPERATING

SYSTEM DANIEL RIZVI

1954302105
WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? IT'S
TASKS, AND TYPES OF OS.

AN OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) IS A

SOFTWARE THAT ACTS AS AN
INTERFACE BETWEEN COMPUTER
HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND
THE USER. EVERY COMPUTER
SYSTEM MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE
OPERATING SYSTEM TO RUN
OTHER PROGRAMS. APPLICATIONS
LIKE BROWSERS, MS OFFICE,
NOTEPAD GAMES, ETC., NEED
SOME ENVIRONMENT TO RUN AND
PERFORM ITS TASKS.
 FUNCTIONS (TASKS) OF OS

1. PROCESS MANAGEMENT:- PROCESS

MANAGEMENT HELPS OS TO CREATE
AND DELETE PROCESSES. IT ALSO
PROVIDES MECHANISMS FOR
SYNCHRONIZATION AND
COMMUNICATION AMONG PROCESSES.

2. MEMORY MANAGEMENT:- MEMORY

MANAGEMENT MODULE PERFORMS THE
TASK OF ALLOCATION AND DE-
ALLOCATION OF MEMORY SPACE TO
PROGRAMS IN NEED OF THIS RESOURCES.

3. FILE MANAGEMENT:- IT MANAGES ALL

THE FILE-RELATED ACTIVITIES SUCH AS
ORGANIZATION STORAGE, RETRIEVAL,
NAMING, SHARING, AND PROTECTION OF
FILES.
 FUNCTIONS (TASKS) OF OS

4. DEVICE MANAGEMENT: DEVICE

MANAGEMENT KEEPS TRACKS OF ALL
DEVICES. THIS MODULE ALSO
RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS TASK IS KNOWN
AS THE I/O CONTROLLER. IT ALSO
PERFORMS THE TASK OF ALLOCATION
AND DE-ALLOCATION OF THE DEVICES.

5. I/O SYSTEM MANAGEMENT: ONE OF THE

MAIN OBJECTS OF ANY OS IS TO HIDE THE
PECULIARITIES OF THAT HARDWARE
DEVICES FROM THE USER.

6. SECURITY:- SECURITY MODULE

PROTECTS THE DATA AND
INFORMATION OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
AGAINST MALWARE THREAT AND
AUTHORIZED ACCESS.
 TYPES OF
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM

MULTITASKING/TIME
SHARING OS
MULTIPROCESSING OS
REAL TIME OS
DISTRIBUTED OS
NETWORK OS
MOBILE OS
 WHAT IS THE PROCESS?
HOW THE SCHEDULING OF
PROCESS ARE PERFORMED

IN COMPUTING, A PROCESS IS
THE INSTANCE OF A COMPUTER
PROGRAM THAT IS BEING
EXECUTED BY ONE OR MANY
THREADS. IT CONTAINS THE
PROGRAM CODE AND ITS
ACTIVITY. DEPENDING ON THE
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS), A
PROCESS MAY BE MADE UP OF
MULTIPLE THREADS OF
EXECUTION THAT EXECUTE
INSTRUCTIONS CONCURRENTLY.
THE SCHEDULING OF PROCESS

THE OS MAINTAINS ALL PCBS IN

PROCESS SCHEDULING QUEUES.
THE OS MAINTAINS A SEPARATE
QUEUE FOR EACH OF THE
PROCESS STATES AND PCBS OF
ALL PROCESSES IN THE SAME
EXECUTION STATE ARE PLACED IN
THE SAME QUEUE. WHEN THE
STATE OF A PROCESS IS
CHANGED, ITS PCB IS UNLINKED
FROM ITS CURRENT QUEUE AND
MOVED TO ITS NEW STATE QUEUE.
 THE OPERATING SYSTEM
MAINTAINS THE FOLLOWING
IMPORTANT PROCESS
SCHEDULING QUEUES −

JOB QUEUE − THIS QUEUE KEEPS ALL THE

PROCESSES IN THE SYSTEM.

READY QUEUE − THIS QUEUE KEEPS A SET

OF ALL PROCESSES RESIDING IN THE MAIN
MEMORY, READY AND WAITING TO
EXECUTE. A NEW PROCESS IS ALWAYS
PUT IN THIS QUEUE.

DEVICE QUEUES − THE PROCESSES WHICH

ARE BLOCKED DUE TO THE
UNAVAILABILITY OF AN I/O DEVICE
CONSTITUTE THIS QUEUE.

THE OS CAN USE DIFFERENT POLICIES TO MANAGE EACH

QUEUE (FIFO, ROUND ROBIN, PRIORITY, ETC.). THE OS
SCHEDULER DETERMINES HOW TO MOVE PROCESSES
BETWEEN THE READY AND RUN QUEUES WHICH CAN
ONLY HAVE ONE ENTRY PER PROCESSOR CORE ON THE
SYSTEM; IN THE ABOVE DIAGRAM, IT HAS BEEN MERGED
WITH THE CPU.
THANK
YOU
DANIEL RIZVI
1954302105