Professional Documents
Culture Documents
34>76+25+835+,/<+;
<5+6+;+.+6+2 ?/5=9;.+87+<3817+<381
<+=>+8.+8<+=>+8
+ <+7+<+7+7/736353,/<+;.+8+;+2 </;=+ <>.>= +:3=8B+ C ?/5=9; ;/<>6=+8 .+;3
, <+7+<+7+7/736353,/<+;<+4+ :/84>76+2+8=/;</,>=+.+6+2<+=>+8
- ,/<+;+8<5+6+;7/736353,/<+;.+8+;+2</.+815+8 +
.
,/<+;+8?/5=9;7/736353+;+2<+4+ , /
. ,/<+;+8?/5=9;7/736353,/<+;<+4+</.+815+8
-
,/<+;+8<5+6+;7/736353+;+2<+4+
/ ,/<+;+8?/5=9;7/736353,/<+;.+8+;+2</.+815+8 '/,>+2,/8.+.3,/;3,>+21+B+/<+;.+8+;+2</=3+:
,/<+;+8<5+6+;7/736353,/<+;<+4+ 1+B+.31+7,+;5+8</,+1+3,/;35>=
/<+;+8B+817/;>:+5+8,/<+;+8?/5=9;+.+6+2 1N
+ <>2> . ?96>7/
, =+2+8+84/83< / ><+2+ 60C
- 5/=38113+8 2N
"/=9./B+81,>5+87/=9./>8=>57/84>76+25+8.>+
,>+2?/5=9;+=+>6/,32+.+6+2
+ 7/=9./4+4+;1/84+81 . 7/=9./63815+;+8 4N
, 7/=9./:963198 / 7/=9./</13,+8B+5 /<+;8B+ ;/<>6=+8 1+B+ B+81 ,/5/;4+ :+.+ ,/8.+
- 7/=9./+8+63<3< =/;</,>=+.+6+2
%/;2+=35+81+7,+;,/;35>= +
.
, /
R
B -
%/;2+=35+81+7,+;,/;35>=
A
"/=9./B+81.31>8+5+8>8=>57/84>76+25+8?/5=9;
.+8+.+6+2 2 R
60°
+ 7/=9./4+4+;1/84+81 3
, 7/=9./+8+63<3<
- 7/=9./:963198 /<+;8B+?/5=9;+.+6+2
. 7/=9./:/;</13 +
.
/ 7/=9./63815+;+8 ,
/
%/;2+=35+81+7,+;,/;35>= -
c
*/5=9; ,/<+;8B+
<+=>+8.+87/7,/8=>5<>.>= C
=/;2+.+:<>7,>#:9<3=30*/5=9;!,/<+;8B+<+=>+8
d .+87/7,/8=>5<>.>=E
C=/;2+.+:<>7,>#:9<3=30
/<+;8B+?/5=9; .35>;+813?/5=9;!+.+6+2
b + .
a ,
/
%/;<+7++8B+81,/8+;.+;31+7,+;=/;</,>=+.+6+2 -
+ !"# . # !"
'E() , /
'(E) -
%/84>76+2+8?/5=9;.+8?/5=9;+.+6+2
*/5=9;5,/<+;8B+<+=>+8.+87/7,/8=>5<>.>=
°
+ '() terhadap sumbu-x :9<3=30.+:>8?/5=9;6,/<+;8B+
, 'E(E) <+=>+8.+8,/;+;+2E
C=/;2+.+:<>7,>#:9<3=3035+
-
'E(E) 5/.>+ ?/5=9; =/;</,>= .34>76+25+8 <>.>= B+81
. 'E() .3,/8=>5;/<>6=+8?/5=9;=/;</,>==/;2+.+:<>7,>#
/
'E(E) :9<3=30+.+6+2
+ E C .
C
, C / C
- C
'/,>+2?/5=9;1+B+836+38B+#.+87/7,/8=>5
35/=+2>3?/5=9;5().+8?/5=9;6'(
<>.>=
C=/;2+.+:<>7,>#:9<3=30#36+3597:98/8 */5=9;77/;>:+5+8?/5=9;2+<36:/;5+63+8+8=+;+
597:98/8?/5=9;1+B+=/;2+.+:<>7,>#.+8<>7,> ?/5=9;5.+8?/5=9;6/<+;8B+?/5=9;7+.+6+2
$+.+6+2 +
.
, /
+ # .+8 #
-
, # .+8 #
+;3:/;8B+=++8:/;8B+=++8,/;35>=:/;8B+=++8B+81
- # .+8 # ,/8+;+.+6+2
+ :/84>76+2+8,>+2?/5=9;+5+87/812+<365+8
. # .+8# </,>+2598<=+8=+
/ #.+8 # , :/84>76+2+8,>+2?/5=9;+5+87/812+<365+8
%/;2+=35+81+7,+;,/;35>= </,>+2?/5=9;B+81836+38B+,</6+6>6/,32,/<+;
x F=2N .+;3:+.+?/5=9;:/;=+7+
- :/;5+63+8<36+81.>+,>+2?/5=9;7/812+<365+8
30C
598<=+8=+
60C
. :/;5+63+8 =3=35 .>+,>+2?/5=9; 7/812+<365+8
</,>+2?/5=9;
'>:+B+,/8.+=/=+:.3+7,/<+;1+B+5+.+6+2 / :/;5+63+8 =3=35 .>+,>+2?/5=9; 7/812+<365+8
+ .
</,>+2598<=+8=+
'().+8'()7+5+
, /
- + .
35/=+2>3,>+2?/5=9;</,+1+3,/;35>= , /
'( -
'() 35/=+2>3,>+2?/5=9;
*/5=9;7/;>:+5+8?/5=9;2+<36:/84>76+2+8.3?/5=9; '()
.+8?/5=9;/<+;?/5=9;+.+6+2 '()
+
.
'()
#36+3F+.+6+2
,
/
+
.
-
, /
35/=+2>3,>+2?/5=9;</,+1+3,/;35>= -
'()
'()
%/;5+63+8<36+81+8=+;+?/5=9;.+8?/5=9;+.+6+2
+ 'E(E) . 'E()
, '() / 'E()
- '(E)
4 !* &.$/1 ,6 ,!$/')21#$,% ,1$. 1
/;36+2-98=92,/<+;+83<35+B+81=/;7+<>5,/<+;+8 !37+,>+21+B+=/;<><>8</:/;=3:+.+1+7,+;,/;35>=
?/5=9;.+8,/<+;+8<5+6+; F1 = 30 N
+7,+;6+2</,>+2?/5=9;B+81,/<+;8B+<+=>+8.+8 y
F3 = 60 N F2 = 40 N
7/7,/8=>5<>.>=
C=/;2+.+:<>7,>$8/1+=30E
35/=+2>3<>.>=+8=+;+.>+,>+2?/5=9;.+8+.+6+2 30° 30° x
C35+;/<>6=+8:/84>76+2+85/.>+?/5=9;=/;</,>= 30°
+.+6+2
<+=>+8 .+8 ?/5=9; 836+38B+ <+=>+8
F4 = 10 N
23=>816+2,/<+;8B+?/5=9;
F5 = 90 N
'/</9;+81 7/8B/,/;+813 <>81+3 B+81 6/,+; 7/81
1>8+5+8<+7:+8./81+85/-/:+=+8 574+75/+;+2 (/8=>5+86+2
</6+=+835+5/-/:+=+8+;><<>81+3
574+75/,+;+= + 2+;1+;/<>6=+8.+;31+B+1+B+3=>
23=>81;/<>6=+85/-/:+=+8.+8+;+2<+7:+8=/;</,>= , +;+2;/<>6=+8=/;2+.+:<>7,>#:9<3=30
3=>816+2836+3.+8+;+2;/<>6=+8.+;3=31+?/5=9;,/;35>=
<+=>+8 1 C<+=>+8 2
C
<+=>+8 3 C
<>.>=B+81.3,/8=>5./81+8<>7,>#:9<3=30