SEMESTER - I (2022- 23)

PRACTICAL REPORT
UNIQUE PAPER CODE: 6967001018

SWACHH BHARAT

SUBMITTED BY
VRINDA MOHAN
ROLL NO. - 22527081
KALINDI COLLEGE
UNIVERSITY OF DELHI
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Practical file report of the paper “Swachh Bharat” which
is to be submitted by VRINDA MOHAN(22527081)in partial fulfilment of the
requirement of degree B.A. (H) for the paper “VAC (Swatch Bharat)”
(6967001018) to the Kalindi College, University of Delhi, is a record of the
student, prepared under the supervision of her teacher Dr.Avijit Mahala.

Dr.Avijit Mahala
(Teacher)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to our
principal madam, Dr. Anjula Bansal and T.I.C, Dr. Seema Sahdev and our teacher
.Dr.Avijit Mahala for their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this field report, the blessings, help and
guidance given by them from time to time shall carry me a long way in the journey
of life. I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to my fellow
classmates and fellow field researchers for their cordial support, valuable
information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through
various stages. I would also thank the authorities of Kalindi College and the
University of Delhi for introducing such avaluable subject in our curriculum. It has
been a great learning which will help me throughout my life. I would also like to
thank Mr. Rakesh Yadav, our lab attendant who has helped me with essential
materials needed for the report like books, instruments and other equipments.

Last, I would extend my gratitude to my parents and all those persons who have
been knowingly or unknowingly involved in my student.
 Table of Content

Chapter: 1 Plastic and E-Waste Management.

1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Case Studies.
1.3 Conclusion.
Chapter: 2 Events/fests Waste Management.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Case Studies.
2.3 Conclusion.
Chapter: 3 Canteen/Shops waste management.
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Case Studies.
3.3 Conclusion.
Chapter: 4 cleanliness drives.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Case Studies.
4.3 Interview of stakeholders.
4.4 Conclusion.
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
Plastic waste is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles (e.g. plastic bottles, bags
and microbeads) in the Earth's environment that adversely affects humans, wildlife and their
habitat. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized by size into micro-, meso-, or macro
debris. Plastics are inexpensive and durable, making them very adaptable for different uses; as
a result, manufacturers choose to use plastic over other materials.However, the chemical
structure of most plastics renders them resistant to many natural processes of degradation and
as a result they are slow to degrade.Together, these two factors allow large volumes of plastic
to enter the environment as mismanaged waste and for it to persist in the ecosystem.

Plastic pollution can afflict land, waterways and oceans. It is estimated that 1.1 to 8.8 million
tonnes of plastic waste enters the ocean from coastal communities each year. It is estimated
that there is a stock of 86 million tons of plastic marine debris in the worldwide ocean as of the
end of 2013, with an assumption that 1.4% of global plastics produced from 1950 to 2013 has
entered the ocean and has accumulated there.Some researchers suggest that by 2050 there
could be more plastic than fish in the oceans by weight. Living organisms, particularly marine
animals, can be harmed either by mechanical effects such as entanglement in plastic objects,
problems related to ingestion of plastic waste, or through exposure to chemicals within plastics
that interfere with their physiology. Degraded plastic waste can directly affect humans through
both direct consumption (i.e. in tap water), indirect consumption (by eating animals), and
disruption of various hormonal mechanisms.

Causes of Plastic pollution

1. Plastic is cheap, readily available, and its use is widespread
Since plastic is an affordable and durable material, it can be found in everything from
packaging materials to plastic bottles, straws to plastic bags, and much .Until businesses start
to utilize more environmentally friendly,alternative materials (such as as paper),the cycle of
producing and disposing of plastic will continue.

2. The world’s population is growing — and so is urbanisation

Put simply, the more of us there are in the world, the greater the demand for cheap materials
and in turn, the more plastic we use to excess.

To illustrate this, in the first decade of this century, more plastic has been produced than ever
due to rapid urbanisation and, in turn, demand.

3. We have a disposable mentality when it comes to plastic

Plastic items typically have a very short lifespan — think carrier bags, water bottles, straws,
and food containers. And because they’re so cheap to make, we don’t value them enough to
hang on to individual items.Not only that, but the disposal of plastic is often mismanaged -so
again,it ends up in landfills.

Not only that, but the disposal of plastic is often mismanaged — so again, it ends up in
landfills.

E-waste or electronic waste is created when an electronic product is discarded after the end
of its useful life. The rapid expansion of technology and the consumption driven society results
in the creation of a very large amount of e-waste.

These include used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or
disposal as well as re-usables (working and repairable electronics) and secondary raw materials
(copper, steel, plastic, or similar). The term "waste" is reserved for residue or material which is
dumped by the buyer rather than recycled, including residue from reuse and recycling
operations, because loads of surplus electronics are frequently commingled (good, recyclable,
and non-recyclable). Several public policy advocates apply the term "e-waste" and "e-scrap"
broadly to apply to all surplus electronics. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) are considered one of the
hardest types to recycle.

The European Union (EU) has addressed the issue of electronic Waste by
introducing two pieces of legislation. The first, the Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) came into force in 2003. The main aim of this
directive was to regulate and motivate electronic waste recycling and re-use in member states
at that moment. It was revised in 2008, coming into force in 2014. Furthermore, the EU has
also implemented the Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
electrical and electronica equipment from 2003.This documents was additionally revised in
2012. When it comes to Western Balkan countries, North Macedonia has adopted a Law on
Batteries and Accumulators in 2010, followed by the Law on Management of electrical and
electronic equipment in 2012. Serbia has regulated management of special waste stream,
including electronic waste, by National waste management strategy (2010–2019).Montenegro
has adopted Concessionary Act concerning electronic waste with ambition to collect 4 kg of
this waste annually per person until 2020.Albanian legal framework is based on the draft act on
waste from electrical and electronic equipment from 2011 which focuses on the design of
electrical and electronic equipment. Contrary to this, Bosnia and Herzegovina is still missing a
law regulating electronic waste.

As of October 2019, 78 countries globally have established either a policy, legislation or

specific regulation to govern e-waste.However, there is no clear indication that countries are
following the regulations. Regions such as Asia and Africa are having policies that are not
legally binding and rather only programmatic ones.Hence, this poses as a challenge that e-
waste management policies are yet not fully developed by globally by countries

List of Common E-waste Items:

Home Appliances.
Communications and Information Technology Devices.
Home Entertainment Devices.
Office and Medical Equipments.
1.2 Case Studies:
Plastic waste:
Case Study 1:
Figure 1:

Colour of Dustbin-Blue colour dustbin.

TYPE - Wet waste and Dry waste mixed (plastic bottles,polybags, wrappers,wet food items).

LOCATION - Right corner of the college ground.

CONDITION - Unorganised Condition.

TREATMENT - Separation of organic and inorganic , biodegradable and non biodegradable.

Comment- Try to find a proper solution by creating awareness regarding the use of each
Dustbin.

Case Study -2
 Figure 2:

Colour of Dustbin:Blue colour Dustinbin

TYPE- Dry Waste (Plastic ,dry leaves).

LOCATION - In front of TRI block

CONDITION - Organised condition.

TREATMENT - Recycle, Reuse, compose.

Comment-Seperate the materials and give it to the concerned authorities for

recycle or reusing it.

Case Study -3
Figure 3:
Colour of Dustbin:Green Colour Dustbin.
TYPE - Plastic and Wet waste mixed.(Paper cups, plastic bottles, food waste)

CONDITION - Unorganised

LOCATION- Science Block

TREATMENT - Recycling and Separation of both wet and dry waste.

Comment -Find a proper solution by creating awareness about the importance of

cleanliness and sanitation.
For this authorities and students need to know about use of each colour dustbin.

Case Study-4
Figure 4
Colour of Dustbin:Blue Colour Dustbin.
Type - Dry waste.(Plastics, Paper Cup).

Location - Saraswati park

Condition - Organised

Treatment -Recycle and Reuse.

Comment- We can give these wastes products to the concerned authorities for the
recycling or reusing process.
Electronic waste :
Case Study-1
Figure 1:

Colour of Dustbin -Silver Colour (E-waste)

Type - Dry waste(Dry leaves)

Location - Back side of Saraswati park

Condition - Unorganised

Treatment - Seperation

Comment-Unawarness among the students and Teachers regarding the purpose of

each dustbin.
Find a proper solution to the issues by creating proper knowledge
regarding the use of each dustbin.
Case Study-2
Figure-2:

Colour of Dustbin-Silver Colour

Type - Dry waste(Dry leaves, plastic covers)

Location - Near the paper recycling unit

Condition - Unorganised condition

Treatment - Seperation, create awareness.

Comment- Inform the concerned authorities responsible for collecting

waste.
Case study-3
 Figure-3:

TYPE- Electronic waste(Tube lights)

LOCATION - Near Media and Journalism Studio

CONDITION -Unorganised

TREATMENT -Dumbing or Proper Recycling

Comment -It shows the careless among the concerned waste collecting
authority.

Case Study-4
Figure-4:
TYPE-Electronic Waste

LOCATION -Near Student's Cyber Centre

TREATMENT - Contact a Certified Appliance Recycler to Remove the front.The

appliance can be recycled by a metal recycler by calling a waste hauler to make
arrangements for a bulky item collection.

1.3 Conclusion:
Plastic Waste Management:
Reduce: First step in reducing plastic waste is to minimize single use plastics by
supporting a tax on plastic bags, restraint on manufacturing of plastics, and using
alternatives of plastic or biodegradable plastic.
For example Project REPLAN (stands for REducing PLastic in Nature) launched
by Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) aims to reduce consumption
of plastic bags by providing a more sustainable alternative.
Reuse: Reusing plastics can reduce the demand for new plastics, hence it can act as
the natural restrain on plastic manufacturing.
Recycle: Plastic recycling is the process of recovering waste or scrap plastic and
reprocessing it into useful products. It offers several benefits like:
Economic benefits due to value addition
Generates employment
Reduces depletion of fossil fuel reserves.
Reduces landfill problems
Recycling of plastics requires less energy
Recovery: It is the process of converting non-recyclable plastics into a range of
useful forms of energy and chemicals for industry. Since plastics contain mainly
carbon and hydrogen, with similar energy content to conventional fuels such as
diesel, they can be used as a potential source of fuel.

Environmentally Sound Management of Plastic Waste

While avoiding the generation of plastic waste is overall preferable,

environmentally sound management of plastic waste, once it is generated, is
essential to protect human health and the environment. Without proper collection
and disposal system, plastic contaminate the air, soil and water, thus causing harm
to ecosystems and people. Since the adoption of the plastic waste amendments, the
Basel Convention provides guidance for better management of plastic waste.

Environmentally sound management of plastic waste | Basel Convention & GRID-

Arendal
Plastic Waste Partnership | Basel Convention
National Action Plan on Plastic Waste Management 2021-2030 | UNEP IETC
SGP on plastic waste: All you need to know about the selected projects | Basel
Convention | 12 November 2020
Converting Plastic Waste into Fuel | WIPO | 20 April 2020.
Electronic Waste Management
E-waste Management Rules in India
The Environment, Forest, and Climate Change Ministry (MoEF&CC) have announced the E-
Waste Management Rules 2016. These new rules replaced the earlier E-Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules of 2011.

The new Rules make for stricter norms and are a part of the government’s increased
commitment towards environmental governance.

Highlights of the new E-waste Management Rules 2016:

It includes CFLs or Compact Fluorescent Lamps as well as other lamps with mercury, and
similar equipment.

The Rules for the first time, bring producers under the ambit of the Extended Producer
Responsibility or EPR, together with the targets.

Producers have been made accountable for e-waste collection and e-waste exchange as well.

Additional stakeholders included are:

Manufacturers

Dealers

Refurbishers and Producer Responsibility Organizations.

Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury-containing lamps have been brought
under the purview of the rules.

India’s Environment Ministry has notified rules targeting the wide range of groups like hotels,
residential colonies, bulk producers of consumer goods, ports, railway stations, airports, and
pilgrimage spots. This is to ensure that the solid waste generated in their facilities is treated and
recycled.

Key Points of E-waste Management Rules 2016:

Local bodies with a population of one lakh or above were supposed to establish solid waste
processing facilities within two years,
Census towns below a lakh would be given three years to establish solid waste processing
facilities

Old and discarded dump sites would have to be shut-down or bio-remedied within five years.

The rules on solid waste management have been amended after 16 years.

Garbage management is the responsibility of municipal bodies, they would have the urights to
charge user fees and levy spot fines for littering and non-segregation.

A transition period of two to five years would be in place beyond which fines would be
imposed as per the country’s Environment Minister.

Central Pollution Control Board Report

Municipal authorities until 2013-14, have so far established only 553 compost and vermin-
compost plants, 56 bio-methanation plants, 22 refuse-derived fuel plants, and 12 waste-to-
energy plants.

By 2031, municipal solid waste is supposed to rise to 165 million tonnes and, if unprocessed,
would require 1240 hectares of land for disposal.

Approximately 62 million tonnes of waste are generated annually in India, of which only 11.9
million are treated, and around half i.e., 31 million tonnes are dumped in landfill sites.

Web-Based Application on Integrated Waste Management System

The application was launched by the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change in
May 2016. The purpose of the web-based application is to better manage the waste. The
application can also track the movement of hazardous waste and will also help in ensuring its
proper management.

Key Highlight:
30000 industries out of 43000 industries dealing in hazardous waste have been mapped
through this application.
Chapter-2.
2.1 Introduction.
Waste generated at festivals is one of the most prominent environmental
impacts that festivals have. Not only is there a great deal of waste
generated at many events, it is the most visible impact to the festival-goer.
Besides the unsightly factor of waste, it can also pose health risks. This is
also one of the most costly expenses for festivals and should be given
careful consideration in the planning process.

Most festivals are now implementing some form of environmentally

aware waste management schemes. Any who do not are sadly lagging
behind.

Festival Organisers can consider:

Allowing use of only biodegradable disposables or re-usable cups and

plates on stalls.
Providing separate bins for recycling.
Utilising volunteers and potential sponsorship for the clean-up and sorting
efforts.
Seperating waste for recycling
Involving the crowd by supplying recycling bin bags and either a
returnable rubbish tax or reward incentives.
Providing standard, recycling and biodegradable bin bags for traders.
Create sculptures using waste generated on site (e.g. plastic bottles)
Consider health, safety and hygiene.
Being aware of legislation and being prepared.
From an internet survey of 649 festival visitors the following was found
with regards to attitudes to waste management at events:

71% strongly agree or agree that waste is a negative environmental

impact of festivals. This was the factor that most agreed upon.
81% agreed or strongly agreed that if provided with separate bins they
would separate their rubbish.
Organisers and festival-goers themselves made comments indicating that
even the most well intending person may drop litter etc, especially where
alcohol is consumed. This could prove a challenge to enforcement..
Network recycling indicated a 30% recycling rate by festival goers as the
average. There does need to be some planning beyond the provision of
separate bins, as some litter picking and sorting is inevitable.

57% of festival-goers agree or strongly agree that re-usable crockery and

cutlery should be used instead of disposables at festivals.
2.2 Case Studies
Fresher's Party held at Kalindi College :
Figure 1:

Waste in a Garbage bag.

TYPE - Dry waste and Wet Waste mixed.

LOCATION - Near Parking Side

CONDITION - Unorganised.

TREATMENT - Recycle, Reuse, Reduce, Separation etc.

Figure 2:

Waste in a waste collecting trolley.

TYPE - Organic and inorganic mixed.
LOCATION - Near sports utility centre
CONDITION - Unorganised

TREATMENT - Recycling and decomposing etc.

Figure 3:

Waste in a garbage bag

TYPE - Organic and inorganic mixed.
LOCATION - TRI block
CONDITION - Unorganised
TREATMENT - Recycle and decomposing.
2.3 Conclusion:

EVENTS GENERATE A HIGH VOLUME OF WASTE. CAREFUL PLANNING CAN

AVOID MUCH OF THE UNECESSARY WASTE GENERATED AND MINIMISE
LITTER BY ADOPTING GOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (AVOID,
REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, DISPOSE).

WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES NEED TO BE IN PLACE (OR AT LEAST

CONSIDERED) FOR ALL EVENTS.

Complete this Waste Management Plan to ensure that you have

considered all aspects of waste for your event.

TIPS TO MANAGING WASTE AT YOUR EVENT:

Stallholders:
Choose vendors and stallholders that meet your event expectations
(through terms and conditions).
Talk to your stallholders and other event service providers in the
planning phase of the event about their role in helping to reduce
waste.

Bin Stations:
Order equal number of clearly labelled waste bins and recycling bins.
 Pair one waste bin and one recycle bin (+ organics if provided) to
make a bin station.
Place bin stations at entry and exit points, food/beverage areas, high
usage locations and ‘ back of house’ for vendors use.
Organise waste contractors for collection

Promote actions:
Advise all staff and volunteers of recycling arrangements and organics
(if applicable). Option to use volunteers as bin monitors.
Provide information to the public prior to the event to bring their
reusable items and throughout the event of what can go into each bin
to reduce levels of contamination.

Post Event Meeting:

Discuss what worked and what could have be done better next time.
This can be included in the Sustainable Event Summary Report and
Action List template.

Completing this plan will meet council’ s permit conditions for waste
management at events held on council managed land. The degree of detail
depends on the proposed number in attendance and activities to be held on
the site.

Legislation:-
The Hazardous Waste Regulations Act (2005) provides that hazardous
waste can not be sent to landfill with non-hazardous waste. A statement
regarding new regulations on the disposal of waste was published in the
industry magazine ‘ Event Organiser’ in September 2004, and warned
event organisers that the industry would now need to reduce and recycle
its hazardous waste instead of sending it to landfill.
Chapter-3
3.1 Introduction
Canteen wastes come from a wide variety of different businesses
including:

Restaurants and cafés

Canteens
Self-catering kitchens
Mobile caterers
Outside caterers supplying buffets.

Canteen waste includes:

Waste from food preparation

Left-over food
Food packaging materials
Disposable cutlery, plates and napkins
Waste electrical and electronic equipment such as cash registers
and microwaves
Waste water.

“Catering waste” means all waste food including used cooking

oils originating in restaurants, catering facilities and kitchens,
including central kitchens and household kitchens.

Shops and establishments normally open after 9 am. These timings do not
synchronize with the usual work schedule of sweepers. Under such a
situation one of the following alternatives may be adopted.

· Sweepers may first carry out the work of street sweeping in the
morning hours as usual and soon thereafter take up the work of door-step
collection of waste, after most of the shops have opened.

· Waste collectors (rag pickers) may be organised to collect the

recyclable waste from shops and establishments as soon as they open, as
most of such waste is recyclable. Working arrangements may be made
with the shops and establishments accordingly. The shops &
establishments may be asked to store waste in two bins if they produce
waste other than recyclable waste also. This arrangement may be made on
‘No payment’ basis on either side.
· The recyclable material received by the waste collectors directly from
shops and establishments would give them a better return. The waste
would be dry and not soiled and would fetch a good price in the market.
This will work as an incentive for them to continue door to door
collection.

The associations of markets, shops and establishments may be persuaded

to organise this service with the help of NGOs and waste collectors in
their market.
3.2 Case Studies
Conducted near Canteen:
Figure 1:

TYPE - Plastic and dry and wet waste both -- Green dustbin
CONDITION - Unorganised
LOCATION - Front of Nescafe
TREATMENT - Segregation & Recycling.

Figure 2:
TYPE - Dry waste and Wet waste mixed together -- Green dustbin
CONDITION - Unorganised
LOCATION - Front of Nescafe
TREATMENT - Recycling.
3.3 Conclusion
Food waste is one of the most prominent waste streams across
Middle East, especially in GCC region. The mushrooming of hotels,
restaurants, fast-food joints and cafeterias in the Middle East region has
resulted in the generation of huge quantities of food wastes. The
proportion of food waste in municipal waste stream is gradually
increasing and hence a proper food waste management strategy needs to
be devised to ensure its eco-friendly and sustainable disposal in the
Middle East.

Food waste is an untapped energy source that mostly ends up rotting

in landfills, thereby releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Food
waste includes organic wastes generated in hotels, restaurants, canteens,
cafeterias, shopping malls and industrial parks in the form of leftover
food, vegetable refuse, stale cooked and uncooked food, meat, teabags,
napkins, extracted tea powder, milk products etc. It is difficult to treat or
recycle food waste since it contains high levels of sodium salt and
moisture, and is mixed with other waste during collection.

Food waste can be recycled by two main pathways:

Composting: A treatment that breaks down biodegradable waste by

naturally occurring micro-organisms with oxygen, in an enclosed vessel
or tunnel or pit
 Anaerobic digestion or biogas technology: A treatment that breaks
down biodegradable waste in the absence of oxygen, producing a
renewable energy (biogas) that can be used to generate electricity and
heat.

Composting

Composting provides an alternative to landfill disposal of food waste,

however it requires large areas of land, produces volatile organic
compounds and consumes energy. Compost is organic material that can
be used as a soil amendment or as a medium to grow plants. Mature
compost is a stable material with a content called humus that is dark
brown or black and has a soil-like, earthy smell. It is created by:
combining organic wastes (e.g., yard trimmings, food wastes, manures) in
proper ratios into piles, rows, or vessels; adding bulking agents (e.g.,
wood chips) as necessary to accelerate the breakdown of organic
materials; and allowing the finished material to fully stabilize and mature
through a curing process.

Anaerobic Digestion

Anaerobic digestion has been successfully used in several European

and Asian countries to stabilize food wastes, and to provide beneficial
end-products. Sweden, Austria, Denmark, Germany and England have led
the way in developing new advanced biogas technologies and setting up
new projects for conversion of food waste into energy. The relevance of
biogas technology lies in the fact that it makes the best possible utilization
of various organic wastes as a renewable source of clean energy. A biogas
plant is a decentralized energy system, which can lead to self-sufficiency
in heat and power needs, and at the same time reduces environmental
pollution.

Of the different types of organic wastes available, food waste holds

the highest potential in terms of economic exploitation as it contains high
amount of carbon and can be efficiently converted into biogas and
organic fertilizer. Food waste can either be utilized as a single substrate in
a biogas plant, or can be co-digested with organic wastes like cow
manure, poultry litter, sewage, crop residues, abattoir wastes etc.
Chapter-4
4.1.Introduction
Cleanliness means that there is no dirt, no dust, no stains, no bad smells.
The goals of cleanliness are health, beauty, absence of offensive odour
and to avoid the spreading of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others.
With the help of cleanliness, we can keep our physical and mental health
clean, which will make us feel good. Cleanliness gives rise to a good
character by keeping body, mind, and soul clean and peaceful.
Maintaining cleanliness is the essential part of healthy living because it is
the cleanliness only which helps to improve our personality by keeping
clean externally and internally.
It is everybody’s responsibility and one should keep themselves and their
surroundings clean and hygienic. It also brings good and positive
thoughts in the mind which slows down the occurrence of diseases

Importance of Cleanliness
Sanitation and neatness play an important role in our day to day routine. It
is important as it prevents dangerous diseases like Dengue, typhoid,
hepatitis, and other diseases caused by mosquito bite, etc.

Diseases like Jaundice, Cholera, Ascariasis, Leptospirosis, Ringworm,

Scabies, Schistosomiasis, Trachoma, etc can be spread due to eating
contaminated food, drinking contaminated water or living in an
unhygienic condition. Trash also spread bad odour which is difficult to
tolerate. There will also be an accumulation of trash and dirt if clean
measures aren’t taken.

Some Clean Habits That Should Be Followed

Some of the clean habits that you should follow are listed below :

One should always wash their hands before eating.

You should brush your teeth at least twice.
No one should litter.
Taking a bath every day is mandatory.
Washing hands after playing is also very essential.
Covering your nose while sneezing or covering your mouth while
yawning is also necessary.
If someone has pests and rodents in their house, they must get rid
of them as soon as possible.
One must always cover their food.
CLEANLINESS DRIVE
A clean and green environment is a basic ideology in sustainable
development. A whole lot of diseases can be traced back to unhygienic
environments and irresponsible waste disposal. The importance of
cleanliness is known to all now, yet people try to keep their homes clean
while they somehow just forget that they are responsible for the
cleanliness of the environment as well, that they are responsible for any
waste they generate and that just getting rid of it from their house won't
help. It could be due to lack of knowledge or due to sheer laziness or due
to irresponsibility. Sometimes all it takes is a reminder.

Thus we bring you Cleanliness Drives through which we make people

aware of the importance and methods of handling waste responsibly and
try to take a step towards a cleaner environment.
4.2:Case Studies
Photographs of Cleanliness Drives:
Cleanliness drive conducted near College Cafeteria:
4.3:Interview of Stakeholders :

Name-Soumya
Year-Second Year
Department :B Com (H)
Question -What is your knowledge about Cleanliness?
Answer-
Knows about the proper use of each dustbin.
Purposes of each colour dustbin
Importance of Cleanliness for a healthy sound society.
Source of Knowledge -
Through different sources of communication like newspaper, internet,
medias etc.
Name-Debadrita
Year-First Year
Department -BA Geography (H)
Question -
What we can do to reduce the improper disposal of waste?
Answer-
Making people aware about the process of proper disposal of waste.
Using Segregation process for bio-degradable and degradable waste.
Source of Knowledge :
Through books which she studing during her School and College days.
Name-Nandini
Year-First Year
Department -BA Political Science (H)
Question-
What do you know about Swatch Bharat?
Answer:
Knows about the aim and objectives of this mission.
Knows about the various coloured dustbins.
Green Dustbin-Biodegradable waste.
Red Dustbin-Medical waste.
Recycle methods can be used for plastic waste.
4.4 Conclusion
Cleanliness is the art of keeping your intellect, body, home, and environment
spotless. We should make cleanliness our routine work as cleansing our body and
mind is crucial for good mental and physical health. The cleanliness of our
neighborhood and surroundings is significant for social health. It is not other's duty
instead it's our self-duty to have a hygienic living as lack of cleanliness may result
in various types of illness and disease and make a breeding place for mosquitoes
and flies. Basic cleanliness begins from our hygiene to begin with we should begin
by washing our hands by preventing entry of bacteria and germs away.

We should never compromise with cleanliness as it is important as food and water

for us. Mahatma Gandhi once said, "I won't let anyone rehearse my mind with their
dirty feet."
One of the initiatives started by the government of India on cleanliness is the Clean
India Mission which is a national drive that comprises 4041 towns, to clean the
streets, roads, and localities. This drive began on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New
Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the way. This is
India's biggest cleanliness drive in which 3 million government representatives and
schools and colleges of India took part in this event. He also flagged off a
walkathon at Rajpath and surprised people by joining in not only for a token few
steps but marching with the participants for an extended way. A clean nation would
be the simplest tribute India could pay to Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary in
2019- said Shri Narendra Modi during the launch in Delhi of the Swachh Bharat
Mission at Rajpath. The campaign aims to realize the vision of a 'Clean India' by
2nd October 2019.
With the movement spreading awareness, a way of responsibility has been evoked
among the people through the Clean India Movement. Most of the citizens now
becoming active participants in cleanliness activities across the state , the dream of
a 'Clean India' once seen by Gandhi has begun to urge a shape.

The Prime Minister has helped spread the message of Swachh Bharat (Clean India)
by urging people through his words & action. He administered a cleanliness drive
in Varanasi also. He wielded a spade near River Ganga at Assi Ghat in Varanasi
under the Clean India Mission. He was joined by an outsized group of local people
that cooperated within the mission/ campaign. Alongside cleanliness, the
significance of sanitation has simultaneously been addressed- the health problems
that roughly half of the Indians families have to deal with due to lack of proper
toilets in their homes; which now has led to 4.9 lakh community and public toilets
in working order in urban India, while over 58 lakh household toilets have been
constructed. Though many challenges remain, governments seeking to achieve the
sustainable development goal of universal access to safe sanitation can emulate the
success of India's Swachh Bharat Abhiyan/ Clean India Mission.

Also, all this while a cadre of 500 young professionals placed in districts imparted
new ideas and energy, social and mass media were used to inform and motivate the
public, and new norms of ethical behavior were demonstrated by leaders. As a
result, district officials became emotionally involved in the program and felt pride
in their achievement in ridding villages of open defecation. Moreover, various
schools introduced workshops regarding the cleanliness campaign as the habits
learned at a young age get embedded into one's personality. Even if we inculcate
certain habits like washing hands before meals, regular brushing of teeth, and
bathing from a young age, we weren't bothered about the cleanliness of public
places until now, which is the need for a change of the hour.
The complete propaganda is to state that cleanliness is important in our life as well
as for the nation. We already know that Mahatma Gandhi personally took the effort
to achieve the change that he wanted to see. It is of course too much to expect our
politicians to go places and cities with the rising number of slums and initiate a
genuine drive to clean-up the surrounding; hence teacher's and student's role is
very important to create awareness on cleanliness. In present times the role of
social media is important to create awareness among the people and inculcate a
feeling of nationality among them. Cleanliness isn't only the responsibility of the
sanitation worker or government. Instead, it is the responsibility of all Indians.
It is the responsibility of the govt officers, NGOs, and also the area people to form
India completely clean. It's a need of the present; all the people should actively
participate to wash India to satisfy the dream of Gandhi for the protection of the
environment, for our safety, and a healthy future.
4.5 Bibliography:
I have taken help from the following sites and people:
Sites:
www.google.com
www.wikipedia. com
www.youtube.com
People:
VAC Tutor Dr.Avijit Mahala Sir.
Friends.