ALLEN Gravitation 1

5. The mass and the diameter of a planet are three

GRAVITATION
times the respective values for the Earth. The
1. The energy required to take a satellite to a period of oscillation of a simple pendulum on
height 'h' above Earth surface (radius of Earth the Earth is 2s. The period of oscillation of the
= 6.4 × 103 km) is E1 and kinetic energy same pendulum on the planet would be :-
required for the satellite to be in a circular orbit 2
at this height is E2. The value of h for which (1) s (2) 2 3 s
3
E1 and E2 are equal, is:
3 3
(1) 1.28 × 104 km (2) 6.4 × 103 km (3) s (4) s
2 2
(3) 3.2 × 103 km (4) 1.6 × 103 km 6. A satellite is revolving in a circular orbit at a
2. If the angular momentum of a planet of mass height h from the earth surface, such that
m, moving around the Sun in a circular orbit h << R where R is the radius of the earth.
is L, about the center of the Sun, its areal Assuming that the effect of earth's atmosphere
velocity is : can be neglected the minimum increase in the

3.
(1)
4L
m
EN
(2)
L
m
(3)
L
2m

Two stars of masses 3 × 1031 kg each, and at

(4)

distance 2 × 1011m rotate in a plane about their

common centre of mass O. A meteorite passes
2L
m
speed requried so that the satellite could
escapte from the gravitational field of earth is:

(1)

(3)
gR

gR
( 2 -1 ) (2)

(4)
2gR

gR
2
through O moving perpendicular to the star's 7. Two satellites, A and B, have masses m and
LL
rotation plane. In order to escape from the 2m respectively. A is in a circular orbit of radius
gravitational field of this double star, the R, and B is in a circular orbit of radius 2R
minimum speed that meteorite should have at around the earth. The ratio of their kinetic
O is : (Take Gravitational constant energies, TA/TB, is:
G = 6.67 ×10–11 Nm2 kg–2)
1 1
(1) 1.4 ×10 m/s
5
(2) 24 ×10 m/s 4 (1) 2 (2) (3) 1 (4)
2 2
A

(3) 3.8 ×104 m/s (4) 2.8 ×105 m/s 8. A straight rod of length L extends from x = a
4. A satellite is moving with a constant speed v to x=L + a. The gravitational force is exerts on
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in circular orbit around the earth. An object of a point mass 'm' at x = 0, if the mass per unit
mass 'm' is ejected from the satellite such that length of the rod is A + Bx2, is given by:
it just escapes from the gravitational pull of
the earth. At the time of ejection, the kinetic (1) Gm éê A æç 1 - 1 ö÷ - BL ùú
ë èa+L a ø û
energy of the object is :
3 2 (2) Gm éê A æç 1 - 1 ö÷ + BL ùú
(1) mv (2) mv 2
ë è a a+L ø û
2
1 é
æ ö
1 1 ù
(3) 2mv2 (4) mv 2 (3) Gm ê A ç a + L - a ÷ + BL ú
2 ë è ø û

é
æ 1 ö 1 ù
(4) Gm ê A ç a - a + L ÷ - BL ú
ë è ø û
E
2 Gravitation ALLEN
9. A satellite of mass M is in a circular orbit of 12. A test particle is moving in a circular orbit in
radius R about the centre of the earth. A the gravitational field produced by a mass
meteorite of the same mass, falling towards the
K
earth, collides with the satellite completely density r(r) = . Identify the correct relation
r2
inelastically. The speeds of the satellite and the
between the radius R of the particle's orbit and
meteorite are the same, just before the collision.
The subsequent motion of the combined body its period T :
will be : (1) T/R2 is a constant
(1) in a circular orbit of a different radius (2) TR is a constant
(2) in the same circular orbit of radius R (3) T2/R3 is a constant
(3) in an elliptical orbit (4) T/R is a constant
(4) such that it escapes to infinity 13. A solid sphere of mass 'M' and radius 'a' is
10. A rocket has to be launched from earth in such surrounded by a uniform concentric spherical
shell of thickness 2a and mass 2M. The

EN
a way that it never returns. If E is the minimum
energy delivered by the rocket launcher, what
should be the minimum energy that the
launcher should have if the same rocket is to
be launched from the surface of the moon ?
Assume that the density of the earth and the
moon are equal and that the earth's volume is
gravitational field at distance '3a' from the
centre will be :

(1)
2GM
9a 2
(2)
GM
3a 2

GM 2GM
64 times the volume of the moon :- (3) (4)
9a 2 3a 2
LL
E E E E 14. A spaceship orbits around a planet at a height
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 16 32 64 of 20 km from its surface. Assuming that only
11. Four identical particles of mass M are located gravitational field of the planet acts on the
at the corners of a square of side 'a'. What spaceship, what will be the number of
should be their speed if each of them revolves complete revolutions made by the spaceship
in 24 hours around the planet ?
A

under the influence of other's gravitational field

in a circular orbit circumscribing the square? [Given : Mass of planet = 8 × 1022 kg ;
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Radius of planet = 2 × 106 m,

Gravitational constant G = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2]
a
(1) 9 (2) 11
(3) 13 (4) 17

GM GM
(1) 1.21 (2) 1.41
a a

GM GM
(3) 1.16 (4) 1.35
a a

E
 ALLEN Gravitation 3

15. The value of acceleration due to gravity at 16. The ratio of the weights of a body on the
Earth's surf ace is 9.8 ms–2. The altitude above
Earth's surface to that on the surface of a planet
its surface at which the acceleration due to
1
gravity decreases to 4.9 ms–2, is close to : is 9 : 4. The mass of the planet is th of that
9
(Radius of earth = 6.4 × 106 m)
of the Earth. If 'R' is the radius of the Earth,
(1) 1.6 × 106 m (2) 6.4 × 106 m
what is the radius of the planet ? (Take the
(3) 9.0 × 106 m (4) 2.6 × 106 m
planets to have the same mass density)

R R
(1) (2)
3 2

R R
(3) (4)
4 9

EN
LL
A
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E
4 Gravitation ALLEN
SOLUTION 4. Ans. (2)
1. Ans. (3) At height r from center of earth. orbital velocity
Usurface + E1 = Uh GM
KE of satelite is zero at earth surface & at =
r
height h \ By energy conservation
GM e m GM em æ GMm ö
- + E1 = - KE of 'm' + ç - = 0+0
Re ( Re+ h ) è r ÷ø
(At infinity, PE = KE = 0)
æ 1 1 ö
E1 = GMem ç R - R + h ÷
2
GMm æ GM ö
è e e ø Þ KE of 'm' = r = çç r ÷÷ m = mv
2

è ø
GM e m h
E1 = ( R + h ) ´ R 5. Ans. (2)
e e
GM
mv2 Qg =
R2
Gravitational attraction FG = maC = ( R + h )

mv2
e

e
GM e m
mv2 = ( R + h )

2
EN
GM e m
E2 Þ ( R + h ) = R + h 2
( e )
e
gp M æ Re ö
= e
ç

Also T µ g

p T
Þ T = g = 3
e
÷
ge Me è R p ø

g
2
æ 1ö
= 3ç ÷ =
è 3 ø
1
3
2

mv GM e m e p
E2 = =
2 2(R e + h )
LL
Þ Tp = 2 3s
E1 = E2
h 1 6. Ans. (1)
= Re
= 3200km
Re 2 Þ h = 2 v0 = g ( R + h ) » gR
2. Ans. (3)
ve = 2g ( R + h ) » 2gR
dA L
=
( )
A

dt 2m Dv = ve - v 0 = 2 -1 gR
3. Ans. (4)
7. Ans. (3)
By energy convervation between 0 & ¥.
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GMe
GMm -GMm 1 Orbital velocityV =
- + + mV 2 = 0 + 0 r
r r 2 1
TA = mA VA2
[M is mass of star m is mass of meteroite) 2
1 2
4GM TB = m BVB
Þ v= = 2.8 ´105 m / s 2
r Gm
TA m´
= R
Þ TB 2m ´ Gm
2R
TA
Þ T =1
B

E
 ALLEN Gravitation 5

8. Ans. (2) 11. Ans. (3)

M
GM2
a a
2

M – M Þ M
Sol. aÖ2
GM2
–
dm= (A + Bx2)dx (aÖ2)2 2
GM
GMdm M a2
dF =
x2
a + L GM Net force on particle towards centre of circle
= F = òa
x2
(
A + Bx 2 dx )
GM 2 GM 2
é A ù
a+ L
is FC = + 2 2
= GM - + Bx 2a 2 a
ê x ú
ë ûa
éæ 1 ö 1 ù GM 2 æ 1 ö
= GM êA ç a - a + L ÷ + BL ú = 2 ç
+ 2÷
ë è ø û a è2 ø
9. Ans. (3)
mnˆi + mnˆj

r 1
n=
2
r
= 2mn1

´
GM
R
EN This force will act as centripetal force. Distance

of particle from centre of circle is

r=
a
2
, FC =
mv2
r
a
2
.

10. Ans. (2) mv 2 GM 2 æ 1 ö

= 2 ç + 2÷
LL
a a è2 ø
m 2

GM æ 1 ö
v2 = + 1÷
Sol. M a çè 2 2 ø

GM
v2 = (1.35 )
A

a
minimum energy required (E) = – (Potential
energy of object at surface of earth) GM
v = 1.16
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æ GMm ö GMm a
= -ç - =
è R ÷ø R 12. Ans. (4)
Now Mearth = 64 Mmoon R

Sol. m = ò r 4 pr dr
2

4 4 0
r. pR 3e = 64. pR 3m Þ Re = 4Rm
3 3 m = 4pKR
E M R 1 4 vµ 4 pK
Now E
moon
= moon . earth = ´
earth M earth R moon 64 1
T 2p
= .
E R 4 pK
Þ Emoon =
16

E
6 Gravitation ALLEN
13. Ans. (2) 16. Ans. (2)
Sol. Since mass of the object remains same
2M \ Weight of object will be proportional to 'g'
(acceleration due to gravity)
2a
M a Given
Sol. P
Wearth 9 gearth
= =
Wplanet 4 g planet

We use gauss's Law for gravitation GM

Also, gsurface = (M is mass planet, G is
g·4pr2 = (Mass enclosed) 4pG R2
3M4pG universal gravitational constant, R is radius of
g= planet)
4p(3a) 2
2
MG 9 GM earth R planet M earth R 2Planet R 2Planet
= 2 =
\ 4 GM 2 = M ´ = 9
3a planet R earth planet R 2earth 2
R earth

14.
Option (2)
Ans. (2)

Sol. Fg =
mv 2
r

GMm mv 2
r2
=
r
EN \ Rplanet =
R earth R
2
=
2
LL
GM (6.67 ´ 10 -11 )(8 ´ 10 22 )
V= =
r 2.02 ´ 10 6
V = 1.625 × 103
2 pr
T=
V
n × T = 24 × 60 × 60
A

é 2p(2.02 ´ 106 ) ù
n ê 1.625 ´ 103 ú = 24 ´ 3600
ë û
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24 ´ 3600 ´ 1.625 ´ 10 3
n= 2p(2.02 ´ 10 6 )

n = 11
15. Ans. (4)
GM GM
Sol. 2
= 2
(R + h) 2R

R + h = 2R
h = ( 2 - 1)R
; 2.6 ´ 10 6 m