what is a mole

the amount of substance or atoms in a chemical

if u put more gas in a flexible container, what will happen to the volume if the pressure is kept
constant the volume will increase, this because more particles colliding against each other, and
against the wall, due to the wall be flexible it will expand, with every force per unit of each particle.

if you put more gas in what will happen to the pressure if the volume is kept constant the pressure
increases, this is because this because more particles colliding against each other, and against the
wall, due to the volume being constant, the area is constant, therefore the atoms move the same
distance each time, but with more particles, being placed in, increases the number of particles
covering this distance, therefore more collisions per particle, therefore the pressure increases.

with decreased temp, the volume decreases, less energy the particles have, less collsions, weaker
force, less force against the wall, the higher pressure aoutside pushes the wall inside, decreasing the
volume.

more moles=more molecules

if u put more moecules into a flexible space then the volume and /or pressure will increase.

this is becuase

ideal gas

we assume-when the molecules bump into the walls of the container they do not transfer any
energy to the container

the molecules do not do not attract or repel each other

the energy is distributed evenly

why are real gases not ideal?

use steam as an example

it is not ideal because of condensation, thus there force of attraction between molecules.

being able to perform calculations

moles 2

the mole is a covalent standard amount of a substance, a mole of a substance contains avogadros
number NA particles NA=6 x 1023

the general gas law: absolute version

for finding absolute values when the amount of gas changes

its needed to use PV=n R T

p = pressure in pascals

V = volume in cubic meters

n = number of moles ( = mass / RMM)

t = temperature in K

274K

276K

270K

373 K

13°C

pressures

may written in atmospheres of pascals

do these conversions

1 atmosphere (ATM)= 101,325 pa

½ atmosphere = 50,662.5 Pa

3 ATM = 303,975 Pa

5 atm = 506,625 Pa

1/4 atm = 2533.75 Pa

200,000=1.97atm

volume may be written in cubic meters. liters or cubic cenimeters

1m3=1000dm3=1,000,000cm3

5000cm3 = 5000/1000,00+0.005m3

50 dm3 = 500/1000 = 0.5m3

200,000cm3=0.2m3

20 dm3=0.02m3

10,000 cm3 = 0.01m3

4000dm3=4m3

25,000cm3=0.025m3

2,500dm3=2.5m3

2.5m3=2500dm3=2,500,000cm3

12.5m3=12,500dm3=12,500,000cm3

25m3 25,000dm3=25,000,000cm3

calculation
stp = standard temperature and pressure

STP = 0°C and 1 atm

example what volume would 2 moles of oxgygen take

1atm=101325 Pa

0°C= 273K

reaggragnge the fomrle

so v = Nrt/p

v= (2x8.31x273)/101325=0.045dm32 d.p

what volume would 5 moles pf carbon dioxide occupy at 10°C and 1 atm pressure

pressure = 101325 Pa

n = number of moles = 5

R=8.31

T=283 K

PV=Nrt

V=nRT/P

v=5 x 8.31 x 283 / 101325= 0.116m3

what pressure would 3 moles of carbon dioxide have if contained in 0.05m 3 at 20°C

p=

v=0.05m3

R=8.31

n=3

t = 293

PV=nRT

P=nRT/V

P=3x8.31x293/0.05=146,089.8Pa

what pressure would 5 moles have in container at same volume but 10°C

p=

v=0.05m3

R=8.31

n=5
t = 283

PV=nRT

P=nRT/V

P=5x8.31x283/0.05=235,173Pa

how many moles of carbon dioxide could u coantion at STP in 2Mm3

p= 101325

v=02m3

R=8.31

n=

t = 273

PV=nRT

PV/RT=n

n=PV/RT=101325x2/8.31x273=202,650/2,268.63=89.4m