Ocampo, Esmeralda A.

3CHEM1

I. EXPERIMENT 2 : Vapor Pressure of Liquids : Isoteniscope Method

II. OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of the simulated experiment was to make the experimenters understand
and explain how the vapor pressure of a pure liquid substance can be measured using the
isoteniscope method and to use the Clausius-clapeyron equation to determine the heat of
vaporization from the experimental data.

III. METHODOLOGY

Figure 1. Set-up of the Isoteniscope Method

Figure 1 displays the isoteniscope which was invented to trap a small amount of the liquid and
its vapor in a part of the vessel that was immersed in the bath, separated from the measuring device by
an open-end manometer which was also submerged in the bath. The pressure in this outside space was
measured by conventional methods. When the inner manometer showed that the outside pressure was
the same as that the vapor pressure of the liquid, the outside pressure was observed on the
manometer.

Simulation of the Isoteniscope Method

For the simulation of the experiment, first a liquid was selected from the menu in the right panel. The
ambient temperature and the pressure were both noted. Second, the heater switch that was located in
the red panel was set on. Third, the collected of data was started. It was noted that the bath
temperature is slightly above the boiling point of the liquid at the ambient temperature. Fourth, the
temperature of the bath started to drop, and the vapor bubbled out of the inner manometer for a few
seconds. The liquid then started to move from left to right. Fifth, when the liquid level became the same
in both arms of the manometer, the word “record” was clicked, so that the recorded data will appear.
Sixth, the pressure in the system was lowered in before the air/vapor was allowed to bubble from left to
right, contaminating vapor in equilibrium with the liquid. Seventh, taking of data was continued until the
pressure has dropped below 100 torr or when the bath has cooled to near the ambient temperature.
The experiment was also halted. Eight, in the the right panel the “highlight data” was clicked, and data
were copied. Lastly, the data was placed on Microsoft excel and the heat of vaporization was calculated.

IV. RESULTS:

Table 1. Pressure (torr) and Temperature (oC) of Ethanol acquired using isometric method

Pressure Temp. Pressure Temp.

(torr) ( oC) (torr) ( oC)
742 77.8 553 70.8
651 74.7 518 69.2
631 74 502 68.6
610 73.1 485 67.7
591 72.4 470 67
572 71.6 455 66.3

The table above shows the temperature and pressure that were acquired every time the ethanol on
the U-tube of the manometer becomes equal. Since the Clausius-Clapeyron equation was used, the
pressure must be changed by using ln (p), and 1/T for the temperature.

Table 2. The ln vapor pressure and 1/T of Ethanol

In (P) 1/T In (P) 1/T

0.012853 6.609349 0.014124 6.315358
0.013387 6.47851 0.014451 6.249975
0.013514 6.447306 0.014577 6.2186
0.01368 6.413459 0.014771 6.184149
0.013812 6.381816 0.014925 6.152733
0.013966 6.349139 0.015083 6.120297

Table 2 shows the values of the pressure and temperature when converted to ln (P) and 1/T. The
value shows a linear relationship. As the value of the pressure increases, the value of the
temperature also increases.
 ln (P) vs 1/T of ethanol
6.7

6.6 y = -215.79x + 9.3684

R² = 0.9982
6.5

6.4
ln(P)

6.3

6.2

6.1

6
0.0125 0.013 0.0135 0.014 0.0145 0.015 0.0155
1/T

Figure 2. Plot of ln vapor pressure vs 1/T of temperature

The figure above shows what the vaporization curves looks like for ethanol. It shows a linear relationship
that when the pressure increases, the temperature also increases.

V. CALCULATIONS:

From the plot of ln vapor pressure vs 1/T of temperature, the linear equation was y = -215.79x + 9.3684
and the slope is -215.79. Using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, we can calculate for the Heat of
Vaporization.

𝑃2 ∆𝐻 1 1
Clausius-Clapeyron equation : ln =- ( − )
𝑃1 𝑅 𝑇2 𝑇1

∆𝐻
The equation to find the value of the slope is m = - 𝑅
, and since the one which is needed to be known is
the heat of vaporization, we can transform this equation to ∆𝐻= m X (- R). R is the gas constant with the
value 8.314 J/mol ∙ K

∆𝐻
m=- 𝑅

∆𝐻= - m X (R)
∆𝐻= - (-215.79) X (8.314 J/mol ∙ K)
∆𝑯 = 1794.07 J/mol for ethanol
 VI. CONCLUSION:

The experiments on gas laws helped to better understand and explain how the vapor pressure
of a pure liquid substance can be measured using the isoteniscope method. By observing the plot of
the graph and the collected data, one could confirm that the relation of pressure and temperature is
linear, that when the temperature increases, the pressure also increases. The Clausius-clapeyron
equation was used to determine the heat of vaporization which is 1794.07 J/mol. The objectives
were met because the results from iteniscope method truly gave a rational value of heat of
vaporization for ethanol.

VII. REFERENCES:

Bentley, J. (n.d.). Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from

http://ntweb.deltastate.edu/jbentley/teaching/labman/hvap/hvap.htm

Bertrand, G. (n.d.). Vapor Pressure of Liquids Isoteniscope Method. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from
http://web.mst.edu/~gbert/pvap/APvap.html

Libretexts. (2020, August 26). Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Retrieved August 29, 2020, from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/S
upplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/St
ates_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Clausius-Clapeyron_Equation