Usama Riaz

193317

Assignment 1

Research on Security policies and security threats to Pakistan

Threats of Cyber Security
and Challenges for Pakistan
Link:
(PDF) Threats of Cyber
Security and Challenges for
Pakistan (researchgate.net)
The article titled "Threats of Cyber
Security and Challenges for Pakistan"
discusses the various cyber threats faced by
Pakistan and the challenges in addressing
them. The authors begin by highlighting the
increasing dependence on information
technology and the internet in Pakistan,
which has led to a rise in cybercrime, cyber
espionage, and cyber terrorism.
The article then discusses the different types
of cyber threats, such as phishing, malware,
and ransomware, and their impact on various
sectors in Pakistan, including the
government, banking, and healthcare. The
authors also mention the threat of cyber
attacks on the country's critical infrastructure,
such as power grids and communication
networks.
Furthermore, the article highlights the
challenges faced by Pakistan in addressing
these cyber threats, such as a lack of
resources, inadequate legal frameworks, and
a shortage of skilled professionals. The
authors emphasize the need for the
government to prioritize cyber security and
develop comprehensive strategies to combat
cyber threats.
Overall, the article provides a comprehensive
overview of the cyber threats faced by
Pakistan and the challenges in addressing
them. It is a useful resource for policymakers,
academics, and researchers interested in the
field of cyber security.
Reference:
Jalal, A., & Ali, A. (2017). Threats of Cyber
Security and Challenges for Pakistan.
International Journal of Science and
Research (IJSR), 6(6), 1771-1776.
. CyberSecurity - Stanford, CA, USA 2014,
25 May 2014-last update, The Third ASE
International Conference on Cyber Security
[Homepage of CyberSecurity - Stanford, CA,
USA], [Online]. Available:
http://cybersecurity2014.scienceengineering.
org/ [2014, December 25].
Department of Homeland Security 2014,
October 28, 2014-last update, Phishing
Campaign Linked with “Dyre” Banking
Malware [Homepage of US-CERT],
[Online]. Available: https://www.us-
cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA14-300A [2015,
January 25].
Elmaghraby, A.S. & Losavio, M.M. 2014,
"Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities:
Safety, security and privacy", Journal of
Advanced Research, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 491-
497
CYBER SECURITY THREAT AND
PAKISTAN'S PREPAREDNESS:
AN ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL
CYBER SECURITY POLICY 2021
LINK:
(PDF) CYBER SECURITY
THREAT AND PAKISTAN'S
PREPAREDNESS: AN ANALYSIS
OF NATIONAL CYBER
SECURITY POLICY 2021
(researchgate.net)
The article titled "Cyber Security Threat and
Pakistan's Preparedness: An Analysis of
National Cyber Security Policy 2021"
provides an overview of the current state of
cyber security threats faced by Pakistan and
assesses the country's readiness to combat
these threats based on its National Cyber
Security Policy 2021.
The article begins by highlighting the
increasing importance of cyber security in
today's digital age and the potential threats
posed by cyber attacks on critical
infrastructure, businesses, and government
entities. It then discusses the cyber security
landscape in Pakistan, including the country's
vulnerability to cyber attacks due to its
rapidly expanding digital infrastructure, lack
of public awareness about cyber security, and
inadequate legal framework to tackle cyber
crimes.
The article goes on to analyze the National
Cyber Security Policy 2021 of Pakistan and
its strengths and weaknesses. The policy aims
to provide a comprehensive framework for
addressing cyber security threats and
promoting a safe and secure cyberspace in
Pakistan. However, the article highlights
some of the policy's shortcomings, such as its
lack of clarity on the roles and
responsibilities of various stakeholders and
its failure to adequately address issues related
to cyber crime investigation and prosecution.
Overall, the article concludes that while the
National Cyber Security Policy 2021 is a step
in the right direction, there is still much work
to be done to improve Pakistan's cyber
security posture. The authors emphasize the
need for greater public awareness about
cyber security, stronger legal frameworks to
address cyber crimes, and improved
collaboration between government, industry,
and academia to build a robust cyber security
ecosystem in Pakistan.
Reference:
Jahanzaib, M., Ahmad, S., & Javid, A.
(2021). Cyber Security Threat and Pakistan's
Preparedness: An Analysis of National Cyber
Security Policy 2021. International Journal of
Scientific and Technology Research, 10(4),
344-352.
Abbasi, K. (2021). Cybercrime increases by
83pc in three years. The News. Retrieved
from
https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/884453-
cybercrime- increases-by-83pc-in-three-
years ACS. (2016). Cybersecurity – Threats
Challenges Opportunities. Sydney:
Australian Computer Society. Awan, J.H.,
Memon, S., Shah, M.H., & Awan, F.H.
(2016). Security of Egovernment Services
and Challenges in Pakistan. SAI
Computing Conference (pp. 1082-
Cyber Security Challenges in
Pakistan: A Review
The research article "Cyber Security Computing, Electronics & Communications
Challenges in Pakistan: A Review" by M. Engineering (iCCECE) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Iqbal and S. H. Shah, published in 2021,
Government of Pakistan. (2018). National
provides an overview of the cybersecurity
Cyber Security Policy. Retrieved from
challenges faced by Pakistan. The following
https://www.pmo.gov.pk/documents/Nation
are the key points of the article:
al_Cyber_Security_Policy.pdf
The authors note that Pakistan is facing
National Information Technology Board.
numerous cybersecurity challenges due to its
(2019). National Cyber Security Framework.
increasing reliance on digital technologies
Retrieved from
and the internet. These challenges include
https://www.nitb.gov.pk/national-cyber-
cyber attacks, cyber terrorism, and cyber
security-framework
espionage.
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
The article discusses the current state of
(2021). Cyber Security. Retrieved from
cybersecurity in Pakistan and notes that there
https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/cyber_security
are several gaps in the country's
cybersecurity infrastructure, including a lack
of skilled cybersecurity professionals,
inadequate cybersecurity policies, and poor
coordination between government agencies.
The authors suggest several measures that
Pakistan can take to improve its
cybersecurity posture, including enhancing
its cybersecurity policies, developing a
national cybersecurity strategy, and
establishing a centralized cybersecurity
authority.
The article also highlights the need for
greater public awareness of cybersecurity
threats and recommends that Pakistan invest
in cybersecurity education and training
programs.

References:

Iqbal, M., & Shah, S. H. (2021). Cyber

Security Challenges in Pakistan: A Review.
In 2021 International Conference on
A Review of Cybersecurity
Threats in Pakistan: A Case Ahmad, F., Jaffar, M. A., & Soomro, T. R.
Study of Online Financial (2021). A Review of Cybersecurity Threats
Transactions in Pakistan: A Case Study of Online
Financial Transactions. Applied Sciences,
11(3), 1403.
The research article titled "A Review of Government of Pakistan. (2018). National
Cybersecurity Threats in Pakistan: A Case Cyber Security Policy. Retrieved from
Study of Online Financial Transactions" by https://www.pmo.gov.pk/documents/Nation
Ahmad et al. (2021) provides an overview of al_Cyber_Security_Policy.pdf
cybersecurity threats in Pakistan with a
specific focus on online financial Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
transactions. The authors discuss various (2021). Cyber Security. Retrieved from
types of cyber threats faced by Pakistan, https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/cyber_security
including phishing, malware attacks, and State Bank of Pakistan. (2021). Guidelines
identity theft. They also highlight the for Risk Management in Electronic Banking.
potential impact of cyber attacks on financial Retrieved from
institutions, the economy, and the public. https://www.sbp.org.pk/epd/2017/PRRM-
The article identifies the gaps in the Ch1.pdf
cybersecurity infrastructure of Pakistan and
the limited availability of resources to
address cybersecurity threats. The authors
suggest measures such as implementing
strong encryption and authentication
protocols, regular security audits, and
continuous training and education for
employees to mitigate the risks associated
with cyber threats.
The research article presents a case study of
online financial transactions to highlight the
importance of cybersecurity in the financial
sector. The authors note that while online
financial transactions offer convenience and
ease, they also pose significant cybersecurity
risks, and adequate measures must be taken
to mitigate these risks.

References:
Emerging Cyber Security https://www.nitb.gov.pk/national-cyber-
Threats to Pakistan: Challenges security-framework
and Opportunities
Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
(2021). Cyber Security. Retrieved from
https://www.pta.gov.pk/en/cyber_security
Ahmad and Anwar's 2019 research article
titled "Emerging Cyber Security Threats to
Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities"
examines the emerging cybersecurity threats
faced by Pakistan. The authors discuss
various cyber threats, including cyber
espionage, cyber terrorism, and cybercrime,
and analyze the potential impact of these
threats on Pakistan's economy, national
security, and social fabric.

The article also provides recommendations to

strengthen Pakistan's cybersecurity posture,
such as developing a comprehensive national
cybersecurity strategy, enhancing
cybersecurity infrastructure, and improving
public awareness of cybersecurity threats.

References:

Ahmad, F., & Anwar, M. (2019). Emerging

Cyber Security Threats to Pakistan:
Challenges and Opportunities. In 2019 4th
International Conference on Computer and
Information Sciences (ICCIS) (pp. 1-6).
IEEE.

National Information Technology Board.

(2019). National Cyber Security Framework.
Retrieved from
Pakistan’s Cybersecurity Policy trends/industry-news/2021/pakistans-
in 2021: A Review cybersecurity-policy-in-2021-a-review

LINK:
Pakistan’s Cybersecurity Policy in
2021: A Review (isaca.org)

The article provides a review of Pakistan's

cybersecurity policy in 2021. It highlights
that Pakistan has made significant progress in
the development of its cybersecurity
infrastructure, including the establishment of
a National Cyber Security Policy Framework
in 2021.
The framework outlines Pakistan's vision for
enhancing cybersecurity and identifies key
areas of focus, such as enhancing the capacity
of law enforcement agencies, strengthening
critical infrastructure protection, and
promoting awareness and education on
cybersecurity.
The article also discusses the challenges
Pakistan faces in implementing its
cybersecurity policy, including a lack of
resources and coordination among
stakeholders. The article concludes by
emphasizing the need for continued efforts to
strengthen Pakistan's cybersecurity
infrastructure and calling for international
cooperation to address cybersecurity threats.

Reference:
ISACA. (2021, March 25). Pakistan's
Cybersecurity Policy in 2021: A Review.
ISACA. Retrieved from
https://www.isaca.org/resources/news-and-