STOCHIOMETRY

 The equivalent mass of a substance can be

different in different reactions.
 For a simple compound AxBy,
Equivalent mass = eq. mass of A + eq. mass of B

Standard solution: It is prepared by dissolving an

accurately known quantity of a 100% pure
substance to an accurately known volume.

Primary standard titrant: The substance which

can be weighed directly to prepare standard
solution.
Ex: hypo (Na2S2O3), AgNO3, K2Cr2O7, FeSO4
(NH4)2SO4.6H2O (mohr’s salt)

Secondary standard titrant: The substances

which may react with atmospheric oxygen, CO2,
moisture, etc. cannot be prepared by weighing
then directly. Their solution is standardised by
titration with standard solution.

Equivalence point: During titration the stage at

which equivalents of titrate and equivalents of
titrant must be theoretically equal.

End point: Practically, the detectable point of

above mentioned equivalence point is known as
end point. The difference between these two
points is called titration error.

 CuF2, CuCl2, CuBr2 are stable in aq. Solution but

CuF, CuCl, CuBr are not. CuI is stable but CuI2
disproportionate to CuI and I2 in aq solution.
