Introduction to

WiBro Technology
September 10, 2004
Soon Young Yoon

T elecom R&D Center

Samsung Electronics Co, Ltd.

Contents

Background of WiBro Service

WiBro Technology Overview

Future Plan and Strategy

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 Background of WiBro Service

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Market Trend in Korea (1)

q Korea Telecommunication Market Trend
u 2001-2003 subscriber growth rate
Ø Fixed BB(44%) > Mobile internet(30%) > Mobile phone(16%) > Fixed phone(2%)
u Voice market is saturated (fixed phone) or slowly growing (mobile phone)
u Data market (mobile internet & fixed BB) is growing faster than voice

Subscribers Trend
40
35 Mobile Phone Fixed Phone
Subscribers [Million]

30 Mobile Internet Fixed Broadband

25
20
15
10
5
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
? Number of mobile phone users includes mobile internet users
Source : KISDI (Korea Information Strategy Development Institute)
Institute )
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 Market Trend in Korea (2)
q Mobile Data ARPU (2003 Dec. SKT user basis)
u As network evolves, data ARPU potion increases
u Data rate is one of the key factor to increase data ARPU
u Data ARPU is expected to keep increasing as the market churns

ARPU by Handset Type

$60.00 $56.74
$1 = 1,150 won User Potion
$50.00 $47.19 Total ARPU
Data ARPU 21% 9% 10%
$40.00 60%
$33.68
ARPU

$30.00
$19.50 $21.54
$20.00
$12.64 1x EV-DO (MMS support)
34%
$10.00 $4.52 1x EV-DO
27% $1.21
13% 6% 1x RTT
$0.00
1x EV-DO 1x EV-DO 1x RTT 95A/B 95A/B
(MMS support)

*Total ARPU is net of interconnection fees and signup fees

*Data ARPU = Wireless Internet revenues including phone mail revenue / internet user
ARPU : Average Revenue Per User MMS : Multi Media Service Source : SKT IR Data, 2004
© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 4/25

Needs for WiBro Service

Limit of Existing Technologies
q WLAN (IEEE 802.11 series)
u Support very high data rate but limited coverage and mobility not
supported
q Cellular (cdma2000 1X, 1xEV-
1xEV- DO, WCDMA)
u Support large coverage and fast mobility but data rate is low and too
expensive

Technology Comparison
Coverage

WiBro
QoS Data Rate
WLAN
Cellular

Mobility Service Charge

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 Service Position in Network Evolution
q WiBro is now located between WLAN and Cellular service.
q In the future, WiBro service will evolve to 4G Network which
provide higher data rate and mobility

Mobility
1996
199 6 2000 2005 2010
High
4G
2G 3G
Cellular CDMA
Services
Medium PCS WCDMA WiBro

5GHz
Pedestrian WLAN
2.4GHz
WLAN
Cordless
Stationary Phone

Image High Quality Data Rate

Voice Text Video
Graphic Multimedia Video
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Streaming 6/25

HPi(High Speed Portable Internet) Project

q ETRI/Samsung HPi Project Objective

u Development of HPi system at 2.3GHz
u HPi RTT specification & system development

q Period: 2003.1. ~ 2005.12.

q Sponsors : HTI, KT, KTF, SKT, Samsung
q Results
u ETRI/Samsung
Ø WiBro spec proposed to TTA and accepted as baseline
u ETRI
Ø Prototype system development
u Wired and wireless operators
Ø Requirements definition

RTT:: Radio Transmission Technology

RTT
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 WiBro Spectrum Allocation of Korea
q MIC allocated 2.3GHz spectrum for WiBro services
(Official MIC notice, Dec. 2002)
u Frequency BW : 2.3~2.4GHz
u Purpose : WiBro (Portable Internet)
u Usage : Fixed / Mobile

Spectrum Allocation Status

IMT-2000 WiBro WLAN

IMT--2000 TDD

IMT--2000 TDD

IMT-2000
IMT- IMT-2000
IMT-
MSS MSS WiBro WLAN
(35)

(15)

FDD FDD
(60)
(30)
(60)
(30) (100MHz) (83.5)
IMT

IMT

1.885 1.92 1.98 2.01 2.025 2.11 2.17 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4835
[Unit : GHz]

MIC : Ministry of Information and Communication MSS : Mobile Satellite Service

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Global TDD Spectrum Allocation

q Global TDD Spectrum Allocation Status
u FDD band is about 3 times larger than TDD band
u More TDD band will be required
Ø For high data rate support, new systems requiring broader bandwidth etc.

[GHz] 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 >2.7

WRC 35 IMT -200015 IMT -2000

IMT extension
Europe GSM 20 IMT -200015 IMT -2000 ISM reserved for TDD
3.4Ghz

Future
U.S.A. 700Mhz
3G
PCS ISM ITFS, BRS 3.4Ghz

Australia/ IMT -2000 IMT -2000 MMDS ISM

IMT extension
3.4Ghz
New Zealand reserved for TDD

IMT extension
Japan PHS IMT -2000 IMT -2000 ISM reserved for TDD

China GSM 40 IMT -200015 IMT -2000 TDD ISM

IMT extension
reserved for TDD

Korea CDMA 35 IMT -200015 IMT -2000 WiBro ISM

IMT extension
reserved for TDD

3GPP TDD IMT extension reserved for TDD Other TDD Bands
WRC : World Radiocommunication Conference ITFS : Instructional
Instructional Television Fixed Service
BRS : Broadband
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Electronics Co., Ltd. Service MMDS : Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System 9/25

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 WiBro Technology Overview

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System Requirements
High Data Rate Mobility

q Maximize sector/user q Vehicular speed mobility

throughput (~60km/h)
q Broad bandwidth q Seamless service
q MAC & RRC q Longer battery usage

Full Coverage Low Cost

q Various types of cell q Improve spectral efficiency
(Macro / Micro / Pico)
q Reduce infra cost
q Easy cell planning
q Multiplexing gain of packet
q Roaming with cellular & data.
WLAN

MAC : Medium Access Control RRC : Radio Resource Control

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 TDD vs. FDD
TDD FDD
GB
GB

Freq.
DL
Freq.

DL GT UL GT GB
UL
GB GB

Time Time

TDD FDD
UL/DL Isolation Guard Time Guard Band

Spectrum Efficiency More efficient (Smaller GB) Less efficient (Larger GB)

Reciprocal Non--reciprocal
Non
UL/DL Channel (Easy to apply SA, MIMO etc.)

Suitable for Packet base data traffic Symmetric traffic like voice

For same coverage Need more power (duty factor) Need smaller power

WiBro, 802.16, 802.11a/b, IS-95A/B, CDMA2000, 1xEV-

IS- 1xEV-DO,
Applied system TD--SCDMA,
TD GSM, GPRS, W-
W-CDMA

GB : Guard Band GT : Guard Time

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PHY Spec.
q Frequency Band : 2.3GHz (Korea)
q Channel Bandwidth : = 9MHz
q Duplex : TDD / 5msec frame
q Multiple Access : OFDMA
q Modulation : QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
q Channel Coding : CTC
q Cell Coverage : ~1km
q Maximum Data Rate
u Sector throughput : DL : 18 Mbps, UL : 6 Mbps
u User throughput : DL : 3 Mbps, UL :1 Mbps
q Optional AAS support

CTC : Convolution Turbo Code AAS : Adaptive Antenna System

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 MAC Spec.
q Flexible BW Allocation by MAP
u Frame by Frame
q Supports flexible QoS offering
u rtPS, nrtPS, BE u Fine granularity
q Efficient MAC PDU construction
u Variable size MAC PDU u MAC-level framing (No PPP)
u Fragmentation, packing, concatenation
q Payload header suppression support
q Security support
q Sleep mode support
q H- ARQ/ARQ support
q Handoff : BBM
q AMC support

rtPS : real-
real- time Polling Service nrtPS : non-
non- real
real-- time Polling Service
BE : Best Effort PDU : Protocol Data Unit
H- ARQ : Hybrid Automatic Response ReQuest BBM : Break Before Make
AMC : Adaptive Modulation and Coding
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PHY Characteristics (1)

q High Spectral Efficiency Support
u TDD
Ø Minimize guard band to increase spectral efficiency
u 10 MHz BW / OFDMA
Ø Minimize multi-path interference to increase spectral efficiency
u Support various modulation schemes (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM)
and CTC to maximize data rate
q Full Coverage Support
u Support cellular operation with frequency reuse factor of 1
Ø High spectral efficiency & easy cell planning
Ø Minimize interference using diversity subchannel based on Reed
Solomon sequence
Ø Compensate low SINR at cell edge using low rate coding
u Fast handover with mobile IP

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 PHY Characteristics (2)
q Performance Enhancement considering Mobility(1)
u H-ARQ
Ø Increase the efficiency of re-transmission resulting from fading and
interference
u Band selection AMC & diversity subchannel
Ø Mobile stations request to select band selection AMC or diversity
subchannel by monitoring channel status
Ø For slowly moving users : allocate band selection AMC subchannels
which have high quality channel response to increase transmission
efficiency and coverage
Ø For fast moving users : allocate diversity subchannels distributed
over whole frequency band to maximize frequency diversity

© SAMSUNG Electronics Co., Ltd. 16/25

PHY Characteristics (3)

q Performance Enhancement considering Mobility(2)
u Support 60km/h mobility
Ø Minimize distortion due to mobility using short OFDM symbol
Ø Apply pilot structure supporting channel estimation while moving
u Support fast access during hand-off
Ø Apply short frame length (5msec) for fast response
Ø Apply additional non-contention based control channel access
duration

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 PHY Characteristics (4)
q Flexible Resource Allocation for Multiple Users
u Asymmetric DL / UL allocation
Ø DL/UL : 2:1, 1:1, 5:1
u Multiple user acceptance
Ø Support different packet scheduling algorithm and status
management for each type of mobiles

q Support Portability
u Support sleep mode to decrease handset consuming power

q TDD Adaptive Antenna System (Optional)

u Increase coverage and data rate for slowly moving users

PDU : Protocol Data Unit PPP : Point to Point Protocol

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MAC Characteristics
q Scheduler Design Consideration
u Adaptive modulation & coding u QoS guarantee
u Throughput maximization u Fairness
u Power constraint of mobiles u Scheduling algorithm complexity

q QoS Classes in WiBro

QoS Class Data type Application
• Periodic interval
Real time polling MPEG Video,
• Variable-sized packet
service Video telephony
• Real time data stream
• Variable-sized packet
Non real time
• Delay-tolerant data stream FTP, WWW
polling service
• Minimum data rate is required
Best effort FTP, WWW,
• No minimum service level
service E- mail

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 WiBro Network Architecture
Acronyms
AAA Authentication, Authorization PSTN/PLMN
and Accounting
ACR Access Control Router
AR Access Router
BR Border Router IMS
GSN GPRS Support Node
HA Home Agent Internet
IMS IP Multimedia Sub-system MIP HA BR
PDSN Packet Data Serving Node AAA
RAS Radio Access Station
CN GSN/PDSN
Internet ACR
AR RNC/BSC

NodeB/BTS
802.11x AP
WLAN 3G RAN
AP RAS
RAS
3G MS
WiBro
Hot Spot

Macro-cell

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Network Element Functions

ACR RAS
q Packet classification & q PHY processing and air
header suppression resource scheduling
q Service flow management q MAC management
q Traffic switching & message processing
integration point q MAC PDU processing
q Handover management q CID management
q Session information q Encryption & Decryption
maintenance q ACR interface
q RAS interface
q Core network interface

PDU : Protocol Data Unit CID : Connection ID

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 Future Plan and Strategy

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WiBro Policy of Korea

q Standard
u Based on IEEE 802.16-2004 & 802.16e Draft3 or later version satisfying:
Ø Downlink 512kbps, uplink 128kbps at 60Km/h
Ø Channel badwidth >9MHz
Ø Roaming between operator equipment
Ø TDD
Ø Frequency reuse factor 1
q Service Provider Selection
u Number of service provider : 2~3
u Frequency usage period : 7 years
u MVNO, NO-SP separation considered

Time Schedule
2004. 9 2005. 2 2006

Complete service provider Service provider Commercial service

selection policy selection

MVNO : Mobile Virtual Network Operator NO : Network Operator SP : Service Provider Source : MIC
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 WiBro Mobile Station Development Strategy

q Survey Result of WiBro Demand

Public Users Enterprise Users
Most important benefit q Cheap service charge q Mobility
and phone

Preferred Service charge q Fixed amount

policy
Preferred type of q Handheld type q Notebook type
mobile station ? Early adopters prefer q PDA
notebook type

Needs for service continuity q 78% q 95%

with existing ones
Source : KISDI, 2003
q WiBro Mobile Development Strategy
u Develop low price mobile phones for public users
u Develop high mobility support mobile phones for enterprise users
u Support existing services (Develop dual mode type)
u Develop notebook internal type or card type in early market
u Move to PDA or handheld type as market matures
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WiBro System Development Strategy

q Time
Time--to
to--market Development of Standardized
System
u Proof of Concept development through HPi project
q Capacity Enhancement Technology Adoption
u MIMO / AAS / Space time coding adoption
u Increase the throughput of slowly moving users using UL/DL
reciprocal channel characteristics of TDD system
u Key technology development and TTA phase 2/IEEE802.16e
standardization

q Alternative Low Price Solution Development for

Enterprise or Household Users
u Standardize the configuration applying low power amplifier or
looser RF spec to reduce network deployment cost

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 Appendix. Technology Comparison
3G Standard
WiBro WLAN
TD-- CDMA
TD HSDPA EV--DO
EV
802.11b :
Peak Data DL : 18.4Mbps DL : 3.1Mbps DL : 14Mbps DL :3.1Mbps 11Mbps
Rate UL : 6.1Mbps UL : 900Kbps UL : 2Mbps UL :1.2Mbps 802.11a,g :
54Mbps
Bandwidth = 9MHz 5MHz(10MHz) 5MHz 1.25MHz 20MHz
Multiple
OFDMA TDMA, CDMA TDMA, CDMA CDMA CSMA/CA
Access
Duplex TDD TDD FDD FDD TDD

Mobility Mid High High High Low

Coverage Mid Mid Large Large Small

IEEE
Standardization TTA & 802.16e 3GPP 3GPP 3GPP2
802.11x
Public/ Home/
Target Market Public Public Public
Enterprise Enterprise

CSMA : Carrier Sense Multiple Access CA : Collision Avoidance

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Q&A
Telecom R&D Center
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS Co, Ltd.

soon.young.yoon@samsung.com

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