Dynamic Heart Disease Prediction using Multi-
Machine Learning Techniques
Shaik Farzana
Depatment of CSE
Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering (A)
Mylavaram, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
shaik.farzana52@gmail.com
Abstract— Health Care Field having enormous data, for
processing these data we must use any advanced techniques
which will be helpful to provide the effective results and
making effective decisions on data and getting the appropriate
results. Heart disease is the leading problem and one of the
biggest causes for no. of deaths happening all over the world.
In this paper, an effective Heart Disease Prediction framework
is implemented using algorithms in Machine Learning such as
Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbour,
Support Vector Machine, Xg- Boost. The framework uses 13
features such as age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol,
obesity, cp, etc. It is a user- friendly system where we are
having some phases.
In the first phase, we upload the dataset file and select the
algorithm to perform on the selected dataset. Then the
accuracy is predicted for each selected algorithm along with a
graph, and the modal is generated for the one having highest
frequency by training the dataset to it. In the next phase, input
for each parameter of the heart is given and based on that
modal generated, the diseased stage of the heart gets predicted.
We then take the precautions based on the condition of the
patient. Our strategy is effective in foreseeing the heart illness
of a victim. The Heart Disease Prediction Framework
progressed in this view is a one of a unique methodology that
might be utilized inside the class of heart disease.
Keywords— Data Mining, Machine Learning, Gaussian
Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest,
K-Nearest Neighbour, Xg- Boost.
I. INTRODUCTION
In today’s world, among various life-threatening
diseases, heart disease is one of the most complex and life-
and-death disease which affects both middle and old age in
the world. It is a difficult task, which can offer computerized
expectation about the heart state of patient with the objective
that further treatment can be made reasonable. This heart
illness is usually based on its indications, manifestations, and
physical assessments of the patient. Risk of the disease can
be improved by some of the factors such as like body
cholesterol level, high blood pressure, smoking habit,
obesity, family ancestry of coronary illness and absence of
physical exercise [1]. Because of such limitations, researches
have turned towards current methodologies like Data Mining
and Machine Learning for foreseeing the sickness.
There are some complex investigation techniques to
predict heart disease which are results in multifaceted nature
is the significant cause which effecting our daily lives.
Hence the treatment of heart disease is too complex,
particularly in the developing countries because of the
uncommon accessibility of mechanical assembly and
deficiency of doctors and other assets which influence
legitimate expectation and treatment of heart patients.
978-1-7281-9180-5/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
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Duggineni Veeraiah
Depatment of CSE
Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering (A)
Mylavaram, Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
veeraiahdvc@gmail.com
Data analysis has proved its importance in the medical
field. It is the base of all to take any complex decisions.
Among all, mostly this analysis helps in keeping human
predisposition far from medical conclusion with the help of
proper measurable treatment. By using different data mining
techniques, we can explore huge amount of information. In
a wide scope of wellbeing science applications, Data Mining
is frequently growing. Huge performance of accuracy rate
and low costing human services administrations can be done
by using the Data Mining Classification methods and heart
disease prediction frameworks.
A huge volume of information had by medicinal services
enterprises that containing some shrouded data is useful to
settle on powerful choices to give the precise outcomes to
take the successful decisions on information. These methods
of data mining are utilized to better the experience and
conclusion that have been given.
Machine Learning ends up being compelling in helping
with settling on choices and expectations from the enormous
amount of information delivered by the human services
industry to decide contrary based diagnosing of heart
disease, a non- invasive medical supportive network
dependent on machine learning predictive modelling like
Support Vector Machine, Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression,
K nearest neighbour, and more used by multi researches for
heart illness prediction, and because of these, the death of
heart disease proportion reduced and this illness through
machine learning based framework has been noted in multi
research studies[2].
In this study, the recent study of heart disease can be
significantly reduced. We have proposed a multi- classifier
model for predicting the better accuracy, reliability, and
scalability. The prediction framework we have proposed is
user- interface based and can have further improvements
according to our requirements.
II. RELATED WORK
Heart Disease is a major cause to be dealt with in
our present world. Due to some chance parameters like bp,
cholesterol, etc, it is getting difficult. Due to these reasons,
the researchers have concentrated on Data Mining or
Machine Learning for predicting the results for a disease
which are the present-day approaches.
Data Mining or Machine Learning is valuable for various
arrangement of issues. A reliant approach from the
estimations of free factors is the utilization of this technique.
The healthcare administration must deal manually
tremendous amount of information assets as it is an
application region of data mining. Heart Disease has been
distinguished as one of the biggest reasons of death for the
countries all over the world.
 For the prediction of heart illness various techniques have 1 Age (in years) Continuous
been introduced among various Data Mining techniques.
2 Gender (male or female) 1- Male,0- Female
There are some health care problems which are solved by
using the techniques in Machine Learning and Data Mining Trestbps (resting blood
3 Continuous value
pressure)
having wide range which gives the greatest strengths. Chest pain type, values are
Effective part is played by machine learning techniques in taken between 1 to 4
prediction of heart disease as compared to the other 4 Cp (type of chest pain)
1- typical angina
algorithms previously defined like clustering etc. Existing 2- atypical angina
3- non- anginal pain
literatures has an effective role for solving all of our 4- asymptomatic
problems and taking decisions properly and solving them Measured in mg/dL
too. 5 fbs (fasting blood sugar)
<=100 - normal
Paper published in [1] predicted the accuracy with 100% 110 to 125 pre- diabetes
>=126 - diabetes
by using neural networks. Paper in [2] used FS algorithm
0-normal
relief with best accuracy. PolaRaju and Durga Prasad [4] 6 restecg (ECG result) 1-having ST- T
proposed prediction of Heart Disease using Multiple 2-hypertrophy
Regression. with 13 different attributes. K.Gomathi It takes following values
Kamaraj[3] had proposed Disease Journalof System and 3- normal
7 thal (Heart rate of patient)
6- fixed defect
Software by using Multi Machine Learning Algorithms. 7- reversible defect
Jayam Patel [5] and Ashwini Shetty [6] had developed a chol (serum cholesterol) Continuous value
8
prediction framework for the heart illenss by considering the
exang (exercised induced 0 - no
dataset containing few factors of the patient. 9
angina) 1 - yes
A Heart Disease Prediction Framework is implemented by
10 thalach (max heartbeat rate) Continuous value
using Computer Science Technology which is having
Machine Learning Models is proposed by Megha Shahi and 11 Oldpeak (ST depression) Continuous value
Kaur [7]. R.Sharmila and S. Chellammal proposed a Ca (major vessels number Number of major vessels
12
technical model for the prediction of heart disease using the colored by fluoroscopy) from 0-3
data and Engineering [8]. These are some of the reference 13 Slope (peak slope) Takes values from 1 to 3
papers published by various researchers, students and others
in which each paper having a unique methods and For the heart disease prediction most cases depended on
procedures for the prediction of heart disease and give the the obsessive information due to the complex problems.
required suggestions. Different algorithms we use are having different accuracies.
Due to some of the complex problems, there is an
III. DATASET DESCRIPTION
enthusiasm raised in the researchers for the prediction of
In this project, the parameters we are taken are age, gender, diseases especially with respect to the heart. Among all of
chol, obesity, cp, trestbps, fbs, restecg, thalach, exang, them, we must pick one based on our problem. In this paper,
oldpeak, slope, ca, thal. We have considered the data from a heart illness foresee structure we have built up helps high
the standard dataset that containing 304 records from UCI to investigates in anticipating condition of the heart dependent
predict the heart illness. The description of these parameters on the clinical data given by the patients. Our approach
is described below Table I. consists of three phases as mentioned later in this study. The
Heart Predictor Framework will utilize the data accuracy of prediction is near 88%.
mining information to give a user-arranged way to deal with We have developed a framework for heart disease
new and hidden designs in the information. The information prediction which is easy to understand. This framework
which is executed can be utilized by healthcare specialists to considered many factors including accuracy chart as shown
show signs of better improvement of service and to lessen in figure 3, graph plotted based on the given clinical input
the degree of medicine impact. on the user- interface. The Approach we have proposed is
effective in predicting the heart disease of a patient. The
IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY Heart Disease Prediction framework developed in this study
Heart Disease prediction is nothing, but which describes methodology that can be utilized in the order of coronary
the state of the heart. Heart Disease is a major concern of disease.
death for both men and women. It is one of the biggest The process of our methodology is as follows:
problems in our world. So, its prediction has become a
subject in one of the parts in the analysis of the information.
A. Phase 1 - Data Preprocessing:
When the amount of data is huge, it is difficult for the
healthcare industry. Data Mining and Machine Learning In the first phase of our process, dataset which have
accepts the huge amount of data and then convert them into been taken from UCI is taken as input which consists of
information which is helpful to perform the predictions and 304 records. It is get uploaded to get Pre-Processed.
for taking respective decisions. There are the checkboxes available which contains the
algorithm models we have used in this methodology.
TABLE 1: PARAMETERS USED FOR PROJECT

SNO PARAMETERS VALUES

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Fig. 1: Pre-processing of data
The algorithms we have considered are Gaussian
Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest,
KNN, Xg- Boost. Select the check box of algorithms which
you want to use on the taken dataset. After selection, the
accuracy of each algorithm we have selected gets predicted.
A graph is also plotted as shown in the figure 3. A modal is
generated for the algorithm having the highest accuracy. Of
all, Random Forest is having the best accuracy result after
pre- processing our dataset.
B. Phase 2 – Feature Selection:
After pre- processing, the output obtained is the modal
generated by the algorithm having highest accuracy. Then
from the user- interface, the input is provided. All the 13
parameters i.e., gender, age, chol, exang, cp, fbs, trestbps,
slope, oldpeak, thal, ca, restecg, thalach. The input given is
passed to the python backend. By using the modal generated
in the pre-processing the stage, the input given gets trained.
After the input gets trained, a graph is plotted as shown
in the figure 5. Based on the graph, the diseased stage of the
patient is known. Accordingly, the precautions should be
taken by the patient. It is the best method in which we get
the result with less risk and in less time.
C. Classification Modelling
In Machine Learning, there are many Classification
models which alludes to a predictive modeling by taking the
given information as input. Extraction is done based on the
models that are having the data classes. A classifier or a
classification model predicts categorical classes. Mainly in
Machine Learning we perform two types of actions; one is
predicting and another one is decision making.
In this paper, we have used some of the classification
models of Machine Learning. The models we are considered
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are Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine,
Random Forest, K- Nearest Neighbour, Xg- Boost. For each
algorithm model, accuracy gets calculated for the given
dataset. The dataset gets trained with every algorithm we
have check boxed.
Fig. 2: Data Flow Diagram of feature selection
a) Gaussian Naïve Bayes: Naïve Bayes classification
is based on the Bayes Theorem. This method applies the
Bayes rules through independent of the presence or absence
of features. This is a vigorous classifier for predicting the
heart disease. It is used for computing the probability of
each class to classify the data sets. Equation is:
P(Ci/Xf) P(Xf)
P(Xf/Ci) =
P(Ci)
Xf are the instances and Ci are the class values we consider
for predicting.
b) Support Vector Machine: Support vector Machine
is also a classification method that manages both linear and
non-linear datasets. It is a predictive analysis data-
classification algorithm that allocates new information
components to one of marked groupings. SVM uses kernel
functions to classify the instance.
c) Random Forest: Machine Learning algorithms like
Random Forest Random Forest can improve the
presentation of hazard forecasts by exploiting enormous
information repositories to distinguish chance indicators and
increasingly complex interactions between them. In Random
Forests, we pick an arbitrary determination of highlights for
developing the best split. Random Forests Classifier selects
a randomly subset of training dataset and then makes a set
of decision trees. It decides the votes to decide the final test
object class.
d) K nearest neighbor: KNN is a classification
algorithm. This is a supervised algorithm. This algorithm is
used to extract the knowledge based on the samples distance
function and majority of k-nearest neighbors. It checks the This is the user- inteface from where we pass the
whole dataset to find the k nearest instances to the new imput to the python backend. After passing the input to the
instance and then output the mode for a classification backend, by using the modal generated in the first phase, a
problem. For some instances KNN algorithm does not go graph is plotted with the given input as shown in the Figure
well that is it gets the low accuracy when compared to the 5.
others.
e) Xg-Boost: This algorithm uses a gradient boosting
framework.For every iteration in this algorithm the error
gets reduced as it uses the optimal gradient rather than the
methods which uses classical gradients. Xg- Boost models
perform the best in laboratory results in each of the cases.

V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
This shows that whether the patient has the heart disease
by considering the parameters such as age, gender, chol,
exang, restecg, thal, slope, ca, oldpeak, trestbps, fps, cp and
thalach. This experiment is performed by training the
dataset containing of 304 records with 13 different
parameters.
TABLE 2. ALGORITHMS ACCURACY COMPARISON Fig. 4: User- Interface

S No Classification Algorithms Accuracy

1 Gaussian Naïve Bayes 82.25%

2 Support Vector Machine 81.97%

3 Random Forest 88.52%

4 K- Nearest Neighbour 67.21%

5 Xg- Boost 78.69%

After performing all the classification techniques,

accuracy of random forest is with 88.52% which is good and
higher when compared to other models. The accuracy
obtained for all the algorithm models is mentioned below in
the table 2. Those are the obtained accuracies after pre-
processing our dataset. This is the accuracy chart we have
obtained after pre-processing of the classification models we
have selected for our Dataset.
Fig. 3: Implemented algorithms Accuracy Prediction
In the above chart, we are mentioning the
algorithm model and along with the accuracy of each of the
algorithm model after training the dataset. The modal is
generated with the algorithm having the highest accuracy as
in the process mentioned in figure 3 which is Random
Forest. Then in the next phase, the input of 13 different
attributes are given from the user interface.
Fig. 5: Ranking of features and taking precautions
The output graph describes the heart condition i.e.,
the diseased stage of the person and then accordingly
precautions should be taken based on the result.
VI. CONCLUSION
From our studies, we have figured out how to
accomplish our exploration goals. To predict the heart
disease, we have used different machine learning
algorithms. Dataset for heart illness containing its factors
have been taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository
and further classification models applied on the respective
dataset. Our proposed methodology uses five machine
learning models namely Support Vector Machine, Random
Forest, KNN, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Xg- Boost algorithms
for predicting of heart disease in a short period of time
retrieve the results and diminish the expenses for people.
We are utilizing these algorithms to improve the
standardization.
To calculate the accuracy and to improve the
performance of the algorithms taken and provided in the
domain required. To improve the flexibility and accuracy of
the proposed framework by doing required possible
enhancements.

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