Abstract:

This study delves into the diverse world of yoga, examining various types of
yoga and the profound contributions of great personalities that have shaped and
enriched the practice over time. Yoga, an ancient spiritual and philosophical
tradition originating in India, encompasses numerous paths, each offering
unique approaches to self-realization and spiritual growth. The different types
of yoga explored in this study include Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Raja/
Ashtanga Yoga, Karma Yoga, Hatha Yoga, Mantra Yoga, Laya Yoga, Sankhya
Yoga.
The first part of the study provides an in-depth understanding of each type of
yoga, elucidating their historical origins, philosophies, practices, and benefits.
Bhakti Yoga revolves around devotion and love for the divine, Jnana Yoga
involves intellectual inquiry and wisdom, Raja Yoga integrates all aspects of
yoga practice by emphasizes a systematic eight-limbed path to spiritual
evolution, Karma Yoga promotes selfless service and action, Hatha Yoga,
known for physical postures and breath control, lays the groundwork for various
other yoga styles. Mantra Yoga emphasizes the use of sacred sounds or mantras
to quiet the mind and cultivate spiritual awareness, while Laya Yoga focuses on
awakening dormant spiritual energy within individuals, Sankhya Yoga is one of
the six classical schools of Indian philosophy and serves as a theoretical
foundation for many aspects of yoga.

In the second part of the study, the spotlight falls on influential

personalities who have significantly contributed to the development and
popularization of these various yoga paths. From ancient sages to
modern spiritual leaders, these great personalities have left an indelible
mark on yoga's evolution. Patanjali, through his Yoga Sutras, provided a
philosophical foundation for Raja Yoga. Swami Sivananda popularized
Hatha Yoga and Vedanta philosophy, while Yogi Bhajan introduced
Kundalini Yoga to the Western world. Swami Vivekananda played a
pivotal role in bringing yoga to the global stage, emphasizing its
universality. Sri Aurobindo pioneered Integral Yoga, a synthesis of
different paths, and B.K.S. Iyengar revolutionized Hatha Yoga with
precision and alignment-based practices. Although not a yoga teacher,
Mahatma Gandhi embodied the principles of Karma Yoga through his
selfless service and nonviolent activism.
The study aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the diverse
facets of yoga and the profound impact of these great personalities. It
highlights the interconnectedness of yoga's various paths and the
common goal of self-realization and inner transformation. By
understanding the historical and cultural contexts of yoga and the
contributions of these remarkable individuals, the study honors their
legacies and provides insights to inspire and guide practitioners and
enthusiasts on their own yogic journeys.

Through this research, we hope to foster a deeper appreciation for the

richness and depth of yoga, acknowledging its ability to bring about
physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Moreover, by recognizing the
immense influence of these great personalities, the study aims to
preserve and disseminate their teachings, ensuring that their wisdom
continues to inspire and benefit generations to come in their pursuit of
spiritual growth and self-awareness.
Understanding yoga encompasses a comprehensive grasp of the ancient
spiritual, physical, and philosophical practice that originated in India thousands
of years ago. Yoga is more than just physical exercise; it is a holistic approach
to life, promoting harmony between the body, mind, and spirit. Here are some
key aspects to understand about yoga:
Definition of Yoga: The word "yoga" is derived from the Sanskrit root "yuj,"
which means to unite or join. It refers to the union of individual consciousness
with universal consciousness, or the realization of the interconnectedness of all
beings.
Philosophical Foundations: Yoga is deeply rooted in various philosophical
traditions, with its primary philosophies outlined in ancient texts like the Vedas,
Upanishads, and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. These texts emphasize the pursuit
of self-realization, ethical living, and the development of a peaceful mind.
Paths of Yoga: There are different paths or types of yoga, each offering distinct
approaches to spiritual growth and self-discovery. Some prominent paths
include Hatha Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga, Kundalini Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana
Yoga, Raja Yoga, and Karma Yoga.
Asana and Pranayama: In modern yoga, the physical postures (asanas) and
breath control techniques (pranayama) play a significant role. These practices
help in cultivating physical strength, flexibility, and breathe awareness,
preparing the body and mind for deeper spiritual practices.
Meditation and Mindfulness: Meditation is an integral aspect of yoga,
promoting inner peace, mental clarity, and heightened awareness. Mindfulness
practices encourage living in the present moment and developing a deeper
connection with one's inner self.
Spiritual Awakening: Yoga is often seen as a path to spiritual awakening, self-
discovery, and transcending the limitations of the ego. It aims to foster a deeper
understanding of one's true nature and the interconnectedness with all living
beings.
Holistic Health Benefits: Regular yoga practice has been associated with
numerous physical and mental health benefits, including stress reduction,
improved flexibility, increased strength, better posture, enhanced focus, and
emotional well-being.

Yoga Lifestyle: Yoga extends beyond the mat and is often considered a way of
life. It involves embracing ethical principles, conscious eating habits,
mindfulness in daily activities, and fostering compassion and non-violence
towards oneself and others.
Diversity of Practices: Yoga is not a one-size-fits-all practice. There are various
styles and approaches to suit different individuals' needs and preferences, from
gentle and restorative practices to more dynamic and vigorous ones.
Global Popularity: Over the years, yoga has transcended cultural and
geographical boundaries, gaining popularity worldwide. It is now practiced by
millions of people as a means to promote physical health, mental well-being,
and spiritual growth.
Understanding yoga goes beyond a mere physical exercise routine; it involves
delving into the profound wisdom and principles that guide individuals on a
transformative journey toward self-discovery and inner peace.
MEANING AND Definition of Yoga

What does yoga mean?

It is better to first understand the literal meaning of any subject or topic so that
the basic understanding of the subject is made clear, so as yoga. The literal
meaning of yoga is hidden in its Sanskrit root YUJ. The word yoga is derived
from the Sanskrit root YUJ which has three meanings:

Yujir yoge: meaning to join

The frst meaning of yoga goes with the understanding of joining the individual
consciousness jivatma with the ultimate consciousness paramatma.
According to highest conception of Indian philosophy of which yoga is an
integral part, jivatma is a component or partial expression of the Supreme Soul
or Paramatma. Although two are the same and indivisible both are separated
subjectively and the jivatma undergoes the evolutionary cycle in the manifested
universe, to become united again with Him. So the discipline through which the
union is attained is yoga.

 Yuja samadhou: meaning Samadhi

The second meaning describes yoga as Samadhi itself. Maharishi Vyasa has
defined yoga as Samadhi in Vyasa bhashya. Samadhi is a state wherenothing
exists except awareness. Samadhi is explained in detail in a different section
‘samdhi’.
Yuja samyamne: meaning to control

The third meaning considers yoga is to have control. Control of what? Control
of senses. It describes yoga as to have control (Sanyam) over senses.
From the above explanation it is clear that yoga is not merely about
physical movements and it not only includes meditation and other technique but
it is the path which leads us towards the truth, the ultimate reality. The diferent
definitions of yoga gives a better understanding of what yoga is? And what it
deals with.

DEFINITION OF YOGA
The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root YUJ, meaning “ TO YOKE,”
or “ TO UNITE ”. The practice aims to create union between body, mind and
spirit, as well as between the individual self and universal consciousness. Such a
union tends to neutralize ego-driven thoughts and behaviours, creating a sense
of spiritual awakening.
The first known appearance of the word "yoga" in the modern sense is in the
Katha Upanishad (probably composed between the fifth and third centuries
BCE), where it is defined as steady control of the senses which – with cessation
of mental activity – leads to a supreme state.
 There are many scriptures which defne yoga in various manner. One of those
scriptures is ‘Patanjal Yogasutra’, the authorship of which belongs to Maharishi
Patanjali. Patanjali defines yoga in his text as:
 
Yogas citta-vritti-nirodhah – Yogsutra (1/2)

Yoga is the inhibition of modification of mind.

Here the word Chitta doesn’t literally means the mind but in general sense it is
considered as mind. Chitta is fundamentally of the nature or consciousness
which is immaterial but affected by matter. In fact, it may be called a product of
both, consciousness and matter, the presence of the both being necessary for its
functioning. It is like an intangible screen which enables the light of conscio-
usness to be projected in the manifested world. But the real secret of its
essential nature lies buried in the origin of the manifested universe and can be
known only on attaining enlightenment.
 The word Vritti is derived from the Sanskrit root Vrit which means ‘to exist’.
So vrtti is a way of existing. In considering the ways in which a thing exists we
may consider its modifications, states, activities or its functions. So vrttis are
modification of chitta or mind. Sage Patanjali has explained five vrttis, the
fundamental states or types of modifications in which the mind can exist. So the
sutra defines yoga as the discipline through which modifications of mind are
inhibited.

Shrimadbhagavadgita:

Another important scripture which deals with the yoga is Shrimadbhagavdgita.

Bhagavdgita presents a very vast explanation on yoga. In fact the whole of the
geeta deals with yoga. Bhagavdgita isbasically the talk between of Lord Krishna
to his disciple, also a friend Arjuna in between the battle field of kurukshetra.
When Arjuna was distracted from his Dharma Lord Krishna taught him about
what Dharma actually is? And he taught him about Jnana yoga, Karma yoga,
Bhakti yoga and Raja yoga to make Arjuna to understand about Dharma.

 Yoga as skill in action:In his teachings Lord Shri Krishna defines yoga as:
 
Yogah karmasu kaushalam  – Bhagavadgeeta (C2/S50)

Action done with expectation of its reward bring bondage. If the action is done
without any thirst for reward, one get purification of heart and ultimately
knowledge of the Self. In Geeta Lord Krishna very well that how we can
practice yoga while performing action. Our actions i.e. karma can also be done
in yogic way. Which is called Karma yoga.

In today’s scenario the Karma yoga is the best way of practicing yoga because

when people are advised to practice Yogaasana and pranayama etc the only
reason they have to give is lack of time. Ultimately yoga is practiced to give
happiness and satisfaction then why should not we get this by doing our routine
work?

Lord Krishna says that skill in action is also yoga. If we observe when we help
someone for any reason then it gives us happiness that cannot be explained we
feel a sort of satisfaction. But when we are said or ordered to get some work
done then after doing that we do not feel that kind of satisfaction which we feel
while serving others because there is no expectation or thought of reward or of
praise in serving i.e. karma yoga.
Whatever kind of work we are doing to earn our livelihood we must do that
with a sense of service. So that we maintain promptness in our work because
when we think it is a service then a sense of responsibility develops within us
towards society and our egocentric attitude slowly starts to diminish there by
developing purity inside which leads us to the ultimate reality.

As discussed earlier yoga is not a goal in itself rather it is a medium to achieve

the goal.

What is that goal of yoga?

 The goal is to become one with the Almighty.

When it is possible to realize that reality?

It is when we get free from bondages.

Why bondages occur?

 They occur because of our karma. Because our karmas create sankaras
(impressions) in our chitta we get bonded with the evolutionary cycle of the
world.

Then how we can get rid of these sanskaras?

It is possible only through karma yoga.

Because we are not expecting any reward for karma, we perform karma as our
duty and not to get any reward, they will not create any sankaras. Which leads
us slowly to the ultimate reality.

 Yoga as stability of mind:

Lord Shri Krishna says:

Samatvam yoga uchyate  – Bhagavdgeeta(2/48)
 Evenness of mind is called yoga. 
Here Lord Krishna tell Arjuna to perform action with the evenness of mind
without bothering about victory and defeat, and this evenness of mind is nothing
but yoga. And that is what all yoga is about. It is nothing but to concentrate the
mind having control over all your senses. 

The capacity to take decisions in critical situations is only possible with theeven
ness of mind. When the mind is disturbed then naturally one will not able to
concentrate. It is not only about taking decisions, rather it is all about to get the
ability to analyze every situation in every possible way, it is to stay firm with
your decision even in drastic situations, to be able to know what is right and
what is wrong. The ‘samatva’ state of mind helps you to know or
realize what your ‘Dharma’ (righteous duty) should be in a particular situation.
This is what the problem Arjuna was suffering with in the middle of the battle
field.

Seeing his own elders, his gurus, his brothers in front of him who are ready to
fight with him Arjuna get distracted from his Dharma because he drops his bow
as he don’t wanted to kill his own dear one’s. This only behavior or emotional
state of Arjuna explains the results of unstable mind. An unstable mind cannot
judge right and wrong. With an unstable mind one cannot analyze a situation
thoroughly and act accordingly. 

That is the reason Lord Krishna explain Arjuna about the ‘samatva bhaava’.

Lord Krishna made Arjuna to understand his duty being a ‘Kshatriya’(warrior).
He advices Arjuna to fight, not to defeat or to kill them, but it is his duty
(Dharma) fight with them. 
This was not only the reason why Lord Krishna explains all about this. With the
‘samatva bhaava’ one can understand about his duties but why this is regarded
as yoga. As explained before yoga is the way to salvation.

How salvation is attained?

When sanskaras of karmas or actions are nullified.

How the sanskaras can be nullified?

It can be done through karma only.

Then what kind of karma we should do to attain this?

Karmas should be performed considering them as our duty and not to get any
reward.

How it is possible to perform karma in that manner?

It is possible with the evenness of mind.

When the karmas are done with the equanimity of mind then those karmas do
not create any sanskaras which is the path to the salvation. At grosser level is
the path to lead a happy and satisfied life.

This whole process can be understood in the following manner: