Gosford 2022 2U Trials & Solutions

Name: ……………………………………………………………………………
Gosford High School

2022 Trial HSC examination
Mathematics Advanced
General Instructions
• Reading time – 10 minutes
• Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• In Questions 11–34, show relevant mathematical reasoning and/ or calculations
Total Marks
100 Section I – 10 marks
• Attempt Questions 1–10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Detach the Multiple-choice answer sheet from the last page of this question booklet.
Section II – 90 marks
• Attempt Questions 11–34
• Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
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Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet (provided on the last page of the booklet) for Questions 1–10.
1. The probability distribution table for a discrete random variable X is shown
x 0 1 2
P ( X = x) 0.5 0.4 0.1
What is the expected value E ( X ) ?
A 0.5
B 0.6
C 1.0
D 1.5
2. What is the range of f ( x )= 1 − x 2 ?
A [0,∞ )
B [1,∞ )
C ( −∞,0]
D ( −∞,1]
3. Which of the following is a primitive of x + cos x ?
A 1 + sin x
B 1 − sin x
x2
C − sin x
2
x2
D + sin x
2
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4. Audrey recently completed her assessment tasks.
The class scores on each test were normally distributed. The table shows the subjects and Audrey’s scores as
well as the mean and standard deviation of the class scores on each test.
Subject Audrey’s Mark Mean Standard deviation
English 75 70 5
Mathematics 65 60 10
Japanese 82 85 2
History 80 76 2
Relative to the rest of the class, which subject did Audrey perform best in?
A English
B Mathematics
C Japanese
D History
5. What are the solutions of 3 tan x =−1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ?
π 2π
A
= x = or x
3 3
π 11π
B
= x = or x
6 6
2π 5π
C
= x = or x
3 3
5π 11π
D
= x = or x
6 6
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6. A bag contains 4 maroon coloured marbles and 6 white coloured marbles. Three marbles are selected at
random without replacement.
What is the probability that at least one of the marbles selected is maroon?
1
A
6
1
B
2
5
C
6
29
D
30
7. In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y = 2sec x , the coordinate axes and the
π
line x = .
3
Which inequality best describes the shaded area
π
2π 4π
A < ∫ 3 2sec x dx <
3 0 3
π
π
B < ∫ 3 2sec x dx < 4
3 0
π
2π
C 0 < ∫ 3 2sec x dx <
0 3
π
2π
D < ∫ 3 sec x dx < 4
3 0
-5-
8. A scatterplot of pain (as reported by patients) compared to the dosage (in mg) of a drug is shown below.
Which of the following is the best estimate for Pearson’s correlation coefficient r ?
A r = 0.87
B r = −0.87
C r = 0.61
D r = −0.61
9. The diagram shows the graph y = f ( x )
Which of the following statements is true?
A f ′′ ( a ) < f ′ ( a ) < 0
B 0 < f ′ ( a ) < f ′′ ( a )
C 0 < f ′′ ( a ) < f ′ ( a )
D f ′′ ( a ) < 0 < f ′ ( a )
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10 The graph shows two = ( x ) and y g ( x )
functions y f=
( x) f ( x) − g ( x) .
Define h=
How many stationary points does y = h ( x ) have?
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
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Student number
2022 Trial HSC Examination

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.
Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.
A B C D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct
answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
A B C D
Section 1: Student responses
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
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2022 Gosford High School Trial HSC
Student number
Section II Answer Booklet 1
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11–34
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Booklet 1 — Attempt Questions 11–27 (52 marks)
Instructions
• Write your Student Number at the top of this page.

• Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance for the
expected length of response.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.
• Extra writing space is provided on pages 22-24. If you use this space, clearly indicate
which question you are answering
-11-
Question 11 (3 marks)
π
(a) In the diagram, triangle ABC is right angled at B. AB = 8cm and ∠BAC = .
3
The circular arc BD has centre A with radius AB.
(i) Find the exact area of sector ABD. 1
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(ii) Hence find the exact area of the shaded region BCD. 2
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The diagram shows the graphs of f ( x )= x + sin x and g ( x ) = x intersecting at the origin and point A.
(i) Find the x coordinate of the point A. 1
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(ii) Hence find the exact area of the shaded region. 2
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e
Evaluate ∫ 1− e 2
x
dx
0
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A horizontal bridge is built between points A and B. The bridge is supported by cables SP and SR, which are attached
to the top of a vertical pylon ST.
The section of the pylon, SQ, above the bridge is 8 metres long and ∠SRQ =
52o .
The distance AQ is 22 metres, and P is the midpoint of AQ
(i) Find the length of the cable SR. 1
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(ii) Find the size of ∠SPQ to the nearest degree. 2
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Question 15. (8 marks)
Consider the function f (=
x ) 2 x 4 − x5 .
(i) Find f ′ ( x ) 1
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(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f ( x ) , and determine their nature. 3
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(iii) Find any points of inflection. 2
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Question 15 continued
(iv) In the space below, sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) showing the above information and any intercepts. 2

Given the function f ( x=
) x 2 − 2 and g ( x=) 7 − x sketch y = f ( g ( x ) ) over its natural domain. 2
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Let log a 2 x=
= and log a 3 y.
Find an expression for log a 12 in terms of x and y. 2
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Differentiate with respect to x
(i) x tan x 2
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(ii) sin x cos2 x 2
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x
(iii) 2
ex
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Coal is extracted from a mine at a rate that is proportional to the amount of coal remaining in the mine. Hence the
amount R remaining after t years is given by R = R0e − kt , where k is a constant and R0 is the initial amount of coal.
After 20 years, 50% of the initial amount of coal remains.
(i) Find the exact value of k. 2
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(ii) How many more years will elapse before only 10% of the original amount remains? 2
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A student was asked to differentiate f ( x=
) x 2 − 2 x from first principles. The student began the solution as
shown below. Complete the solution. 2
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
f ′ ( x ) = lim
h →0 h
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 I 
Loudness, in decibels, is given by the formula L = log e   , where I is the intensity level and I 0 is the
 I0 
threshold sound (or sound that can barely be heard). Sounds louder than 85 dB can damage hearing.
The intensity of a vacuum cleaner is estimated to be 10 000 000 times the threshold level I 0 . Would using
a vacuum cleaner damage your hearing based on this estimate? Justify your answer with appropriate working. 2
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The graph shows Kimberley’s profit from ice-cream sales over the last 12 days.
Kimberley's Ice-cream
700
600
500
Profit P
400
300
200
100
0
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
Temperature in Celcius T
is P 28.6T − 130 , where P is the profit and T the temperature in Celsius.

The equation of the line of best fit=
The correlation coefficient is r = 0.95
(i) Describe the correlation. 1
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(ii) By using the equation of the line of best fit, predict the profit for a day whose temperature is 20o C 1
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-19-
Five values of the function f ( x ) are shown in the table. 2
x 0 5 10 15 20
f ( x) 15 25 22 18 10
20
Use the trapezoidal rule with the five function values given in this table to estimate ∫ f ( x ) dx .
0
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Greg lives in Gosford and is starting a new job in Sydney. He needs to catch a train to get to work and will be late if
the trains do not run to schedule. The probability that, on any given day, his train will run to schedule is 0.96.
(i) What is the probability that Greg’s train is late on the first day? 1
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(ii) What is the probability that Greg arrives late on exactly one of the first three days of his new job? 2
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3
Solve log e x − 2 giving your answers in exact form.
= 3
log e x
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sec 2 x
Show that = cosec 2 x 2
tan 2 x
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The function f ( x )= 2 − 2 x is dilated vertically by a factor of 2 and shifted 4 units to the right.
Find the equation of the function formed and sketch the result showing key features. 3
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Section II Booklet 1 - extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.
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Student number
Instructions
• Write your Student Number at the top of this page.

• Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide guidance
for the expected length of response.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.
• Extra writing space is provided on page 33-34. If you use this space, clearly
indicate which question you are answering
-25-
A particle moves in a straight line. At time t seconds, its distance x metres from a fixed point O on the line is given by
x = 2sin ( 3t )
(i) Sketch x = 2sin ( 3t ) for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π 2
(ii) Find the first time when the particle is at rest. 1
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The queueing time, X minutes, of a teacher waiting on the phone with the Department of Education has a probability
density function
 3
 x (k − x ) 0 ≤ x ≤ k
f ( x ) =  32
 0 otherwise
(i) Show that the value of k is 4 3
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Question 29 continued.
(ii) Sketch the probability density function f ( x ) 2
(iii) What is the mode of the probability density function? 1
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(iv) Find the probability that the phone will be answered within the first minute. 2
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-27-
A car and a jet plane race one another from rest down a runway. The car increases its speed v1 at a constant rate, while
the speed of the jet is given by v2 = 2t 2 . After 5 seconds the car and the jet have the same speed of 50 m/s, as shown
on the graph.
(i) By considering the difference quotient, find the average acceleration of the jet during the 5th second. 2
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(ii) Find an equation for the speed v1 of the car in terms of t. 1
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(iii) For what times is the acceleration of the car greater than that of the jet? 2
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(iv) Who is winning the race after 5 seconds and by how many metres? 3
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-28-
The lifetime of a particular make of LED bulb is normally distributed with mean of 5000 hours and standard
deviation of 425 hours.
(i) Find the z score for a LED with a lifetime of 5374 hours. 1
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(ii) By considering z scores and consulting the Normal Distribution table below, find the probability that a
LED chosen at random has a lifetime between 4898 and 5374 hours. 3
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The continuous random variable X has the following probability density function
 a + bx 0 ≤ x ≤ 5
f ( x) = 
 0 otherwise
(i) Show that 10a + 25b =

2 2
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35
(ii) If E ( X ) = , find the values for a and b. 3
12
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-30-
A rectangular beam of width w cm and depth d cm is cut from a cylindrical pine log as shown. The diameter of the
cross-section of the log (and hence the diagonal of the cross-section of the beam) is 15 cm. The strength S of the
beam is proportional to the product of its width and the square of its depth, so that S = kwd 2 .
Find the maximum strength of the beam, showing why it is a maximum. 4
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-31-
The continuous random variable X has the probability density function f ( x ) given by
1 2
 ( x − 2x + 2) 0 ≤ x ≤ 3
9
1
=f ( x)  3< x ≤ 4
3


0 otherwise
(i) In the space provided, sketch the cumulative distribution function F ( x ) 4
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the 75th percentile of X. 2
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-32-
Section II Booklet 2 - extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.
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-34-
Gosford High School
2022 Trial HSC examination
Solutions
1
2022 Trial HSC Examination
Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Section 1: Solutions
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
-2-
Section I (10 marks)
1. The probability distribution table for a discrete random variable X is shown
x 0 1 2
P ( X = x) 0.5 0.4 0.1
What is the expected value E ( X ) ?

Solution
B 0.6 E ( X ) = 0  0.5 + 1  0.4 + 2  0.1

= 0.6
2. What is the range of f ( x ) = 1 − x 2 ?
D ( −,1
3. Which of the following is a primitive of x + cos x ?
x2
D + sin x
2
-3-
4. Audrey recently completed her assessment tasks.
The class scores on each test were normally distributed. The table shows the subjects and Audrey’s scores as
well as the mean and standard deviation of the class scores on each test.
Subject Audrey’s Mark Mean Standard deviation
English 75 70 5
Mathematics 65 60 10
Japanese 82 85 2
History 80 76 2
Relative to the rest of the class, which subject to Audrey perform best in?
In terms of standard deviations
D History English is +
Mathematics +0.5
Japanese −1.5
History +2
Therefore her best subject is

History
5. What are the solutions of 3 tan x = −1 for 0  x  2 ?
5 11 3 tan x = −1
D x= or x=
6 6 1
tan x = −
3
5 11
x= or for 0  x  2
6 6
6. A bag contains 4 maroon coloured marbles and 6 white coloured marbles. Three marbles are selected at
random without replacement.
What is the probability that at least one of the marbles selected is maroon?
P ( at least one marble is maroon ) = 1 − P ( no marbles are maroon )

5
C  6 5 4
6 = 1−    
 10 9 8 
5
=
6
-4-
7. In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y = 2sec x , the coordinate axes and the

line x = .
3
Which inequality best describes the shaded area

2 4 Alower rectangle  Ashaded  Aupper rectangle
A   3 2sec x dx 

3 3  
0
2   3 2sec x dx  4
3 0 3
8. A scatterplot of pain (as reported by patients) compared to the dosage (in mg) of a drug is shown below.
Which of the following is the best estimate for Pearson’s correlation coefficient r ?
B r = −0.87
Strong negative correlation
Also found by entering data into
the calculator
-5-
9. The diagram shows the graph y = f ( x )
Which of the following statements is true?
D f  ( a )  0  f  ( a ) Monotonic increasing at x = a  f ' ( a )  0

Concave down x = a  f " ( a )  0
10 The graph shows two functions y = f ( x ) and y = g ( x )
h( x) = f ( x) − g ( x)
Define h ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) .
How many stationary points does y = h ( x ) have?
C 2
-6-
Section II Booklet 1
Solutions
11

(a) In the diagram, triangle ABC is right angled at B. AB = 8cm and BAC = .
3
The circular arc BD has centre A with radius AB.
(i) Find the exact area of sector ABD.
Solution
Marks Guideline
1 2
A= r 1 Correct answer (accept simplified response)
2
1 2  Marker’s
= (8)  Comment
2 3
32
=
3
(ii) Hence find the exact area of the shaded region BCD.
Solution
First find BC
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
 BC
tan = 1 For finding BC or CTE
3 8
 Marker’s
BC = 8 tan Comment
3
AShaded region = Atriangle − Asector

1  32
=  8  8 tan −
2 3 3
32
= 32 3 −
3
-12-
The diagram shows the graphs of f ( x ) = x + sin x and g ( x ) = x intersecting at the origin and point A.
(i) Find the x coordinate of the point A.
Solution
x + sin x = x Marks Guideline

sin x = 0 1 Correct answer
x = 0 + k where k  Marker’s
Comment
From the diagram x is the first positive solution  0
x =
(ii) Hence find the exact area of the shaded region.
Solution

A =  f ( x ) − g ( x ) dx
0

=
0
( x + sin x ) − x dx

=  sin x dx
0 Marks Guideline
=  − cos x 0

2 Correct response
= ( − cos  ) − ( − cos0 )  1 One error in the solution
Marker’s
= ( −1  ( −1) ) − ( −1)
Comment
= 2 units2
-13-
e
 1− e
x
Evaluate dx
0
Marks Guideline
Solution
2 Correct response
e
 1− e
e 1 One error in the solution
x
dx =  x − e x 
0 0
Marker’s
= ( e − e e ) − ( 0 − e0 ) Comment
= e − ee + 1
A horizontal bridge is built between points A and B. The bridge is supported by cables SP and SR, which are attached
to the top of a vertical pylon ST.
The section of the pylon, SQ, above the bridge is 8 metres long and SRQ = 52o .
The distance AQ is 22 metres, and P is the midpoint of AQ
(i) Find the length of the cable SR.
Solution
SQ
sin 52o = Marks Guideline
SR
1 Correct answer
8
SR = Marker’s
sin 52o
Comment
 10.15 m
(ii) Find the size of SPQ to the nearest degree.
Solution
From the question P is the midpoint of AQ i  PQ = 11 m
8
tan ( SPQ ) = Marks Guideline
11 2 Correct response
8
SPQ = tan −1 1
Recognises tangent ratio but applies incorrect
11 values
 36 to the nearest degree
o
Marker’s
Comment
-14-
Consider the function f ( x ) = 2 x 4 − x 5 .
(i) Find f  ( x )
Marks Guideline
Solution
1 Correct answer
f  ( x ) = 8 x 3 − 5x 4
Marker’s Question extremely well done.
Comment
(ii) Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve y = f ( x ) , and determine their nature.
Solution
Stationary points occur when f  ( x ) = 0
8 x3 − 5x 4 = 0
x 3 (8 − 5x ) = 0 Marks Guideline
x = 0 or x =
5 2 One arithmetic error or omits y ordinate
Determining the nature Finds the x-ordinates but does not justify the
1
nature
Finding x-values of stationary points was done
8
x -1 0 1 2 well by most.
5 Marker’s
Students using the second derivative to determine
dy Comment
-12 0 3 0 -16 nature often didn’t come to the correct
dx conclusion when f’’(x)=0.
Therefore there is a minimum turning point at ( 0,0 )

8 
And a maximum turning point at  ,2.62 
 5 
(iii) Find any points of inflection.
Possible points of inflection occur when f  ( x ) = 0

Marks Guideline
f  ( x ) = 24 x 2 − 20 x 3 2 Correct response
Finds the point of inflection, without confirming
24 x 2 − 20 x 3 = 0 1
the inflection or with error
4 x 2 ( 6 − 5x ) = 0 Good students recognised that x=0 could not be a
6 POI if they’d correctly found it’s nature in the
x = 0 or x = previous section.
5 Marker’s
All possible POI should be tested for changes in
Comment
Testing for inflection. Noting x = 0 is a minimum point concavity.
Many students did not recognise or attempt to
find POI’s using the 2nd derivative.
6
x 1 2
5
d2y
4 0 -64
dx 2
6 
Since there is a change in concavity, there is a point of inflection at  ,1.659 
5 
-15-
Question 15 continued
(iv) In the space below, sketch the graph of y = f ( x ) showing the above information and any intercepts.
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
1 Omits labels or problems with the sketch
Students who found incorrect points often found
Marker’s
it difficult to connect them in a logical way.
Comment
Most students successfully found x-intercepts.

Given the function f ( x ) = x 2 − 2 and g ( x ) = 7 − x sketch y = f ( g ( x ) ) over its natural domain.
Solution
The domain of g ( x ) is x  7  the domain of y = f ( g ( x ) ) is x  7
f ( x) = ( )
2
7− x −2
=7− x−2
= 5− x
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
1 Incorrect domain
Many students did not recognise the restricted
domain.
Marker’s
Important for students to clearly represent on
Comment
their graph that the point (7,-2) is included using
a larger, solid dot.
-16-
Let loga 2 = x and log a 3 = y.
Find an expression for loga 12 in terms of x and y.
Solution
log a 12 = log a 4  3
Marks Guideline
= log a 4 + log a 3
2 Correct response
= log a 22 + log a 3 1 Can show 1 correct log law related to the question
= 2log a 2 + log a 3 Marker’s Many students confused with the Log Laws, often
= 2x + y Comment multiplying when they should add.

Differentiate with respect to x
(i) x tan x
Solution
Marks Guideline
d ( x tan x ) 2 Correct response
= x  sec2 x  + tan x 1
dx 1 Can show 1 correct derivative related to the question
= x sec2 x + tan x Marker’s
Most students answered well using the product rule.
Students who struggled tried to differentiate without
Comment
using a rule.
(ii) sin x cos2 x
Solution
d ( sin x cos2 x )
= sin x  2cos x ( − sin x ) + cos2 x cos x  Marks Guideline
dx 2 Correct response
= −2sin x cos x + cos x
2 3
Can demonstrate the product rule but with error
1
= cos x ( cos x − 2sin x )
2 2 in the chain rule
Many students confused with the derivative of
cos 2 𝑥.
Marker’s
Some students used substitution to avoid using
x Comment
the chain rule.
(iii)
ex Many different forms of the answer accepted.
 x
e  =  
d  x  e x 1 − x e x 
 
(e )
2
dx x
Marks Guideline
e (1 − x )
x
2 Correct response
=
e2 x Can demonstrate the product rule but with error in
1
1− x the chain rule
= x Done well in general.
e
Some students mixing up u and v in use of quotient
Marker’s
rule.
Comment
Students should represent answers in simplest form
using appropriate factorisation and cancelling.
-17-
Coal is extracted from a mine at a rate that is proportional to the amount of coal remaining in the mine. Hence the
amount R remaining after t years is given by R = R0e − kt , where k is a constant and R0 is the initial amount of coal.
After 20 years, 50% of the initial amount of coal remains.
(i) Find the exact value of k.
Solution Marks Guideline

1
When t = 20, R = R0 2 Correct response (accept different forms of k)
2
1 Substituted initial values into the equation
1
R0 = R0e − k (20) Better responses substituted R with ½ R0 . Other
2
responses substituted specific values for R and R0
1
ln   = ln e −20 k and were still able to work towards a solution. Many
2 Marker’s responses went on to approximate the value of k
−20k = − ln 2 Comment which indicates that they either didn’t recognise that
1 the question asked for the exact value, or they didn’t
k= ln 2 understand what “exact value” meant. Students who
20
approximated k did not receive full marks.
(ii) How many more years will elapse before only 10% of the original amount remains?
Solution
1
− ln 2t
0.1R0 = R0 e 20
Marks Guideline
1
− ln 2  t 2 Correct response
0.1 = e
20
1 Found the correct value for t

1
− ln 2  t
ln ( 0.1) = ln e Few students recognised the significance of the word

20
Marker’s “more” in the question. Responses that did not

1
− ln 2  t = − ln10 Comment incorporate the first 20 years into their answer were
20 not awarded fully marks.
20ln10
t=
ln 2
 66.43
However, the question asks for how many more years = 66.43 − 20
= 40.43 more years

A student was asked to differentiate f ( x ) = x 2 − 2 x from first principles. The student began the solution as
shown below. Complete the solution.
Marks Guideline
f ( x + h) − f ( x) 2 Correct response
f  ( x ) = lim 1 Found the first line and or skipped steps
h →0 h
( x + h) − 2 ( x + h ) −  x 2 − 2 x 
This question was reasonably well attempted. The
2
= lim most common errors were neglecting to put brackets

h →0 h around f(x), or only partially substituting (x+h) for x.
x + 2hx + h − 2 x − 2h − x 2 + 2 x
2 2
Students who found the derivative without deriving
= lim
h →0 h Marker’s from first principles did not receive any marks.
2hx + h − 2h
2 Comment Students should be aware that the limit notation is
= lim fundamental to the process of differentiating from
h →0 h
first principles as it describes how to deal with the h
= lim 2 x − 2 + h
h →0 term. Neglecting this notation in solutions prevented
= 2x − 2 some students from receiving full marks.
-18-
 I 
Loudness, in decibels, is given by the formula L = log e   , where I is the intensity level and I 0 is the
 I0 
threshold sound (or sound that can barely be heard). Sounds louder than 85 dB can damage hearing.
The intensity of a vacuum cleaner is estimated to be 10 000 000 times the threshold level I 0 . Would using
a vacuum cleaner damage your hearing based on this estimate? Justify your answer with appropriate working.
Solution
Decibels L on the vacuum cleaner

Marks Guideline
 10000000  I 0  2 Correct response
L = log e   Found the decibels but did not answer the
 I0  1
question
= ln (10000000 ) Marker’s This question was mostly well understood.
 16.11 db Comment
Therefore, this vacuum cleaner would not damage your hearing.

The graph shows Kimberley’s profit from ice-cream sales over the last 12 days.
Kimberley's Ice-cream
800
600
Profit P
400
200
0
10 15 20 25 30
Temperature in Celcius T
The equation of the line of best fit is P = 28.6T − 130 , where P is the profit and T the temperature in Celsius.
The correlation coefficient is r = 0.95
(i) Describe the correlation.
Solution
Marks Guideline
Since the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is r = 0.95 , 1 Correct answer
There is a strong positive correlation between profit and Both strength and direction of the
Marker’s
temperature. correlation were required to achieve the
Comment
mark for this question.
(ii) By using the equation of the line of best fit, predict
the profit for a day whose temperature is 20o C
Marks Guideline
1 Correct answer
Solution Students must have used the equation for the line of best
Marker’s fit to obtain the answer. Many students made an
P = 28.6 ( 20 ) − 130 Comment approximation from the graph, but the question clearly
= $442 indicated that the equation should have been used.
-19-
Question 23. (2 marks) x 0 5 10 15 20
Five values of the function f ( x ) are shown in the table.
f ( x) 15 25 22 18 10
f ( x ) dx .
20
Use the trapezoidal rule with the five function values given in this table to estimate 0

20 − 0 2 Correct response
f ( x ) dx = 4  f ( 0 ) + f ( 20 ) + 2 ( f ( 5 ) + f (10 ) + f (15 ) ) 
20
0 2
1 Applied the formula with error
Was not done as well as expected.
5
= 15 + 10 + 2 ( 25 + 22 + 18 )  When asked to use a specific rule then
2 students should show evidence of
= 387.5 using that rule.
Marker’s
Students need to remember that ‘n’
Question 24. (3 marks) Comment
stands for the number of sub-intervals
Greg lives in Gosford and is starting a new job in Sydney. He and not the number of function values.
needs to catch a train to get to work and will be late if the trains do Careless errors were made mixing up
not run to schedule. The probability that, on any given day, his x-vales and function values.
train will run to schedule is 0.96.
(i) What is the probability that Greg’s train is late on the first day?
Solution
Marks Guideline
P ( Greg is late ) = 1 − 0.96
1 Correct answer
= 0.04 Well done. Most students showed
Marker’s evidence of using complementary
Comment probability by subtracting the on time
(ii) What is the probability that Greg arrives late probability from 1. on
exactly one of the first three days of his new job?
Solution
P ( late on exactly one day ) = 0.04  0.962 + 0.96  0.04  0.96 + 0.962  0.04
 0.11
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
1 Some correct working
Better responses included a tree diagram to show that
there were 3 different ways of arriving late on exactly
Marker’s 1 day. Many students only showed probability product
Question 25. (3 marks) Comment of 2 lates and one on time, without considering that the
3 on time day could occur on Day1 or Day 2 or Day 3,
Solve log e x − = 2 giving your requiring the students to multiply their answer by 3. answers in
log e x
exact form.
Marks Guideline
3 Correct response
2 One arithmetic error
Recognise that the equation can be
1
considered a quadratic
Marker’s Most students got full marks or no marks.
Comment Care needs to be taken when multiplying
-20-
Solution log e x by itself, with students getting
log e x 2 instead of ( log e x ) .
2
3
log e x − =2
log e x
Better responses let log e x = u which
( log e x ) − 3 = 2log e x
2
easily created a quadratic to solve.
( log e x ) − 2log e x − 3 = 0
2
A hard application of this content area.
( log e x − 3)( log e x + 1) = 0

log e x = 3 or log e x = −1
1
x = e3 x=
e
-21-
sec2 x
Show that = cosec2 x
tan 2 x
Solution
Marks Guideline
sec x2 2 Correct response
LHS =
tan 2 x 1 Some correct working
1 Marker’s Well done. Students successfully substituted two trig
2 Comment results and then simplified to get the RHS.
= cos2 x
sin x
cos 2 x
1
=
sin 2 x
= cosec 2 x

The function f ( x ) = 2 − 2 x is dilated vertically by a factor of 2 and shifted 4 units to the right.
Find the equation of the function formed and sketch the result showing key features.
Dilating vertically by a factor of 2 Correct response (accept different forms of

3
the function)
f ( x) 2 One error (i.e. CTE)
= 2 − 2x 1 One correct element
2
f ( x ) = 4 − 2.2 x Most students realised to do the horizontal
translation you subtracted 4 from x, but the
vertical dilation needed to be applied to the
whole function and not just x or 2x. There
Shifting right by 4 units
were many Index Law errors, students need
to remember that when you are multiplying
f ( x − 4 ) = 4 − 2.2 x −4 and the bases are the same, you add the
= 4 − 2 x −3 powers but the bases stay the same. Maybe
more practice on Index Laws with numeric
bases.
Marker’s
Comment
When sketching graphs, key features
include x and y intercepts. Also, exponential
graphs should have a asymptote somewhere.
Students’ graphs should match there answer
for the Transformations.
Though question was not a difficult

application, the content can be confusing.
Students need to learn a process and know
how to apply it.
-22-
Solutions
-23-
A particle moves in a straight line. At time t seconds, its distance x metres from a fixed point O on the line is given by
x = 2sin ( 3t )
(i) Sketch x = 2sin ( 3t ) for 0  t  2
Solution
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
Question was poorly done. Many
t
responses could recognise the correct
amplitude, but not the correct period.
Many responses did not include markings
for their intercepts/period and hence lost a
Marker’s
mark. Some responses did not span the
Comment
entire domain required or had
incorrect/inconsistent markings for the
period. The sine function is a smooth
curve, NOT a straight line as some
responses thought.
(ii) Find the first time when the particle is at rest.
Marks Guideline
1 Correct answer
Solution
 Mostly well done but there were a lot of
The particle is first at rest when t = carried errors given here. It is at rest at
6 Marker’s
its first stationary point, not at the axis.
Comment
Pi/6 seconds is not the same as 30
seconds.
The queueing time, X minutes, of a teacher waiting on the phone with the Department of Education has a probability
density function
 3
 x (k − x ) 0  x  k
f ( x ) =  32

 0 otherwise
(i) Show that the value of k is 4
3 Marks Guideline
x ( k − x ) dx = 1
k
0 32 3 Correct response
3 k 2 One error (i.e. CTE)
32 0
kx − x 2 dx = 1
1 Recognises integral = 1
k
 kx
2
x 3
32 Very poorly done. Many responses failed to
 2 − 3 = 3 recognise that the integral of a PDF over its
 0 bounds is equal to 1. Many responses
 k3 k3  32 Marker’s ignored this fact or incorrectly stated that
 −  − (0) = Comment the PDF itself is equal to 1. There were
 2 3  3
many errors in working out to show that
k 3 32
= k=4 even when the integral was correctly
6 3 applied.
k =4
-26-
Question 29 continued.
(ii) Sketch the probability density function f ( x )
Marks Guideline
2 Correct response
Poorly done. Many responses incorrectly
assumed that this was a normal
Marker’s
distribution and not a concave down
Comment
parabola. A mark was given for the
correct endpoints.
(iii) What is the mode of the probability density function?
Solution
Marks Guideline
1 Correct answer
From the graph the mode is x = 2
Marker’s Many carried errors given here.
Comment
(iv) Find the probability that the phone will be answered in the first minute.
Solution
3
P ( X  1) =  x ( 4 − x ) dx
1
Marks Guideline
0 32
3  4 x2 x3 
= −  1 Some correct working
32  2 3 0 Very poorly done. Once again, many
3  1  3
 responses failed to recognise that an
=  2 (1) −  − ( 0 ) 
2
integral from 0 to 1 was needed to find the
32  3  Marker’s probability. Some minor errors led to the
3  5 Comment wrong answer, but a mark was given for
=  
32  3  progress. Disappointingly,ome responses
5 gave a negative probability or simply
= stated “unlikely” with no calculations.
32
-27-
A car and a jet plane race one another from rest down a runway. The car increases its speed v1 at a constant rate, while
the speed of the jet is given by v2 = 2t 2 . After 5 seconds the car and the jet have the same speed of 50 m/s, as shown
on the graph.
(i) By considering the difference quotient, find the average acceleration of the jet during the 5th second.
Solution
Marks Guideline
50 − 2 ( 4 )
2
Average acceleration = 2 Correct response

5−4 Some correct working
1
= 18 m/s/s
Almost all students found instantaneous
rate of change instead of average rate of
change. Read the question carefully,
(ii) Find an equation for the speed v1 of the car in “considering the difference quotient” terms
Marker’s
of t. means you technically should have gotten
Comment
0 for doing instantaneous rate of change,
Solution however, due to overall poor performance
Marks ofGuideline
the question, 1 mark was given if done
v1 = 10t 1 correctly.answer
Correct
Marker’s Overall done well, some used x and y
Comment instead of V and t
(iii) For what times is the acceleration of the car greater than that of the jet?
Solution
Marks Guideline
acar  a jet 2 Correct response
10  4t 1 Found derivative of velocity
5 Many students failed to recognise this
t seconds inequality. Some used trial and error to
2
find that the acceleration of the car to be
Marker’s
(iv) Who is winning the race after 5 seconds and less than the jet at 2 seconds and greater by
Comment
how many metres? than at 3 seconds, hence said t = 3 instead
Solution of using an inequality to find it occurs at
2.5 seconds.
Marks Guideline
Correct response (accept different forms
3
of the function)
2 One error
1 One correct element
-28-
5 Classic integration question which
Distance of the car =  10t dt Therefore the
0 students should definitely recognise by
5
= 5t 2  now. Most students who recognised this
0
got full marks, many students tried other
= ( 5  52 ) − ( 0 )
Marker’s
approaches which were incorrect and
Comment
hence got 0. Most students either got 0
= 125 metres
or full marks.
2
car is winning by  125 − 83.3  41 m Some students thought “after 5 seconds”
3 means in the 6th second.
5
Distance of jet =  2t 2 dt
0
5
 2t 3 
= 
 3 0
 2  53 
=  − (0)
 3 
 83.3 metres
-29-
The lifetime of a particular make of LED bulb is normally distributed with mean of 5000 hours and standard
deviation of 425 hours.
(i) Find the z score for a LED with a lifetime of 5374 hours.
Solution
Marks Guideline
x−
z= 1 Correct answer

Straight forward question, mark
5374 − 5000
= Marker’s awarded for no working, however,
425 Comment working was preferred. Overall done
= 0.88 well.
(ii) By considering z scores and consulting the Normal Distribution table below, find the probability that a
LED chosen at random has a lifetime between 4898 and 5374 hours. 3
Solution
4898 − 5000
The z score for 4898 z =
425
= −0.24
Marks Guideline
From the table 3 Correct response
One error (i.e. CTE)
P ( z  −0.24 ) = 1 − P ( z  0.24 ) (symmetrical)
2
1 One correct probability
= 1 − 0.59483
Overall it was done ok by the cohort
= 0.40517 with partial marks given here and there,
however, common errors occurred such
as getting the z score for 4898 being
P ( z  0.88 ) = 0.81057 0.24 instead of –0.24 which gave carreid
errors going forward.
Marker’s
 P ( 4898  x  5374 ) = P ( z  0.88 ) − P ( z  −0.24 ) Comment Almost all students setting out was
= 0.81057 − 0.40517 difficult to follow. People would say
things like 4898 = 0.24 = 0.59483 which
= 0.4054 is obviously nonsense.
A handful of students read the value

given for a z score of 0.42 instead.
-30-
The continuous random variable X has the following probability density function
 a + bx 0  x  5
f ( x) = 
 0 otherwise
(i) Show that 10a + 25b = 2

5
 0
a + bx dx = 1 2 Correct response
5 1 Recognized the integral of the function =1
 bx 2 
 + =1
2  0
ax Mostly well done.
 Better responses understood the area
Marker’s
 25b  under a PDF would equal one and
 5a +  − (0) = 1 Comment
therefore integrated the function between
 2 
0 and 5.
10a + 25b = 2
35
(ii) If E ( X ) = , find the values for a and b.
12
Marks Guideline
E ( X ) =  x  f ( x ) dx Correct response (include by inspection
3
if they confirm the result)
E ( X ) =  x ( a + bx ) dx
5
0 2 Substantial progress with an error

35 5
=  ax + bx 2 dx Recognized E ( X ) =  x f ( x ) dx or
12 0
1 recognized the solution is found via
5
35  ax 2 bx 3  simultaneous solutions
= +
12  2 3  0 This was a difficult question.
Some students correctly identified the
 25a 125b  35
 +  − (0) = Marker’s idea of x  f ( x ) but incorrectly
 2 3  12
Comment
150a + 500b = 35 applied the discrete formula
E ( X ) = xp ( x ) .
150a + 500b = 35 − − − (1)

10a + 25b = 2 − − − (2)
150a + 375b = 30 − − − (2 A)
(1) − (2 A)
125b = 5
1
b=
25
 1 
10a + 25   = 2
 25 
1
a=
10
-31-
A rectangular beam of width w cm and depth d cm is cut from a cylindrical pine log as shown. The diameter of the
cross-section of the log (and hence the diagonal of the cross-section of the beam) is 15 cm. The strength S of the
beam is proportional to the product of its width and the square of its depth, so that S = kwd 2 .
Find the maximum strength of the beam, showing why it is a maximum.
Solution
d 2 + w2 = 152
Marks Guideline
d 2 = 225 − w2 Correct response
4
3 One error
S = kwd 2
Finding w = 5 5
= kw ( 225 − w2 )
2
2 2
1 Finding d or w
= 225kw − kw 3
Poorly answered.
dS Many students should review the

= 225k − 3kw2
dw applications of calculus. Questions that
ask for a maximum (or minimum)
Marker’s
typically require you to differentiate and
Comment
determine the nature of a stationary
dS point.
Max/min occurs when =0
dw
225k − 3kw2 = 0 Try not to assume values, such as the
angle the diagonal makes is 45
w2 = 75
w = 5 3
Confirming a maximum at w = 5 3
d 2S
= −6kw
dw2
at w = 5 3
d 2S
dw2
= −6k 5 3 ( )
 0 since k is a positive constant
 maximum turning point
Note: w and d are positive (lengths)  k  0 to give strength S as a positive
( )
Smax = k 5 3 ( 225 − 75 )
= 750k 3
-32-
The continuous random variable X has the probability density function f ( x ) given by
1 2
 ( x − 2x + 2) 0  x  3
9
1
f ( x) =  3 x  4
3

0
 otherwise
(i) In the space provided, sketch the cumulative distribution function F ( x ) 4

Solution
( x − 2 x + 2 ) dx
1 2 Marks Guideline
F ( x) = 
x
0 9 4 Correct response
x
1  x3  3 One error
=  − x2 + 2 x
9 3 For finding the end of the first segment
0
2  2
1  x 3   at  3,  with correct CDF
=   − x 2 + 2 x  − 0  3
9  3  
1  x3 
1  x3   − x + 2x 
2
1 For finding
=  − x2 + 2 x  9 3 
9 3 
Many students confused CDFs with
PDF. No marks were awarded for
F ( 3) =
1 3
27
( 3 − 3  32 + 6  3) drawing the PDF.
2 Students who integrated part of the PDF

= attracted one mark. Better solutions
3 Marker’s
Comment recognised a CDF ends at 1 and is
 2
The second section is a straight line joining  3,  to 1 continuous. i.e. no break in the graph.
 3
2 x1 Students had to clearly mark the points
Or alternatively F ( x ) = +  dx
3 3 3  2
x where the graph changed. i.e.  3, 
2 x  3
= +
3  3  3
2 1 
= + x − 1
3  3 
1 1
= x−
3 3
1  x3 
Determining the features of F ( x ) =  − x 2 + 2 x  for 0  x  3
9 3 
1  x3 
y =  − x2 + 2 x 
9 3 
y  = ( x 2 − 2 x + 2 )   0  no turning points
1
9
1
y= ( 2 x − 2 ) y  = 0 when x = 1
9
Possible inflection at x = 1
x 0 1 2
d2y
<0 0 >0
dx 2
-33-
4
Therefore there is a point of inflection at x = 1, y =
27
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the 75th percentile of X.

Solution
From the straight line segment found in part (i)

Marks Guideline
1 1 2 Correct response
0.75 = x− Some progress
3 3 1
2.25 = x − 1 Some students recognised the CDF should
x = 3.25 be equal to 0.75 but used the wrong
Marker’s section of the CDF.
Comment Students should reflect upon their solution
to identify errors. They could do this by
drawing the percentile like shown below.
Alternatively from the graph
-34-

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Name: ……………………………………………………………………………

Gosford High School

1. The probability distribution table for a discrete random variable X is shown

P ( X = x) 0.5 0.4 0.1

What is the expected value E ( X ) ?

2. What is the range of f ( x )= 1 − x 2 ?

3. Which of the following is a primitive of x + cos x ?

Subject Audrey’s Mark Mean Standard deviation

5. What are the solutions of 3 tan x =−1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ?

Which inequality best describes the shaded area

9. The diagram shows the graph y = f ( x )

Which of the following statements is true?

How many stationary points does y = h ( x ) have?

2022 Trial HSC Examination

Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

Section 1: Student responses

Section II Answer Booklet 1

• Write your Student Number at the top of this page.

(i) Find the exact area of sector ABD. 1

(i) Find the x coordinate of the point A. 1

(ii) Hence find the exact area of the shaded region. 2

(i) Find the length of the cable SR. 1

(ii) Find the size of ∠SPQ to the nearest degree. 2

(iii) Find any points of inflection. 2

Question 16. (2 marks)

Question 18. (6 marks)

(ii) sin x cos2 x 2

After 20 years, 50% of the initial amount of coal remains.

(i) Find the exact value of k. 2

Question 20. (2 marks)

Question 22. (2 marks)

is P 28.6T − 130 , where P is the profit and T the temperature in Celsius.

The correlation coefficient is r = 0.95

(i) Describe the correlation. 1

Question 24. (3 marks)

Question 25. (3 marks)

Question 27. (3 marks)

Section II Answer Booklet 2

Booklet 2 — Attempt Questions 28–34 (38 marks)

• Write your Student Number at the top of this page.

(ii) Find the first time when the particle is at rest. 1

Question 29. (8 marks)

(i) Show that the value of k is 4 3

(ii) Sketch the probability density function f ( x ) 2

(iii) What is the mode of the probability density function? 1

(ii) Find an equation for the speed v1 of the car in terms of t. 1

(i) Show that 10a + 25b =

Find the maximum strength of the beam, showing why it is a maximum. 4

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the 75th percentile of X. 2

1. The probability distribution table for a discrete random variable X is shown

P ( X = x) 0.5 0.4 0.1

What is the expected value E ( X ) ?

B 0.6 E ( X ) = 0  0.5 + 1  0.4 + 2  0.1

2. What is the range of f ( x ) = 1 − x 2 ?

3. Which of the following is a primitive of x + cos x ?

Subject Audrey’s Mark Mean Standard deviation

In terms of standard deviations

Therefore her best subject is

5. What are the solutions of 3 tan x = −1 for 0  x  2 ?

P ( at least one marble is maroon ) = 1 − P ( no marbles are maroon )

Which inequality best describes the shaded area

Which of the following statements is true?

D f  ( a )  0  f  ( a ) Monotonic increasing at x = a  f ' ( a )  0

Gosford 2022 2U Trials & Solutions

Gosford 2022 2U Trials & Solutions