Professional Documents
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1
Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Computing, Manipal
International University, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
Fish Monitoring System There has been a significant increase in interest in fish farming industry as a result of the
Arduino market's diminishing fish reserves. Producing fish in an Intensive Aquaculture System, on
Fish farm the other hand, may result in low-quality fish or even fish mortality, depending on the
IOT species being grown, because the fish are maintained in artificial tanks and cage systems
rather than in their natural environment. In order to achieve the highest possible yield, this
paper describes a fish quality monitoring system with automatic correction that monitors
ARTICLE HISTORY and maintains critical water quality parameters for fish growth, such as temperature, water
level, and potential hydrogen (pH) level. The system is made up of a Arduino that
Received X XXX XXXX connected to the network, sensors,, and a web-based application are used in the data
Received in revised form collection and monitoring system to gather and monitor data on the key indicators of water
X XXX XXXX quality. Once these parameters have been set, correction devices such as an aquarium
Accepted X XXX XXXX heater, a valve, a water pump, which are all included in the package, are used to keep them
Available online X XXX XXXX at an ideal level for fish development. In order to establish system efficiency and
reliability, two intensive fish monitoring settings have to be monitored: one regulated and
one traditional. According to the data gathered, the controlled layout increased efficiency,
reduced stress on fish farmers, reduced the number of fish fatalities, and outperformed the
conventional configuration in terms of product quality when compared to the standard
arrangement.
© 2022 The Authors. Published by Penteract Technology.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
The Fish Monitoring System is designed to aid with pond Aquaculture is the world's most significant and fastest-
water quality management. The systems continually track and growing business for animal food production, and it is the
monitor water quality, giving thorough data that can be done primary source of aquatic animal food for human consumption.
on-site in conventional methods for monitoring water quality. As far as aqua cultured fish are concerned,because the system
Testing and measurements of water are carried out in a way relies on water in an artificial tank to survive, feed, develop,
that restricts the data to the precise moment that it was and excrete waste, the water quality quickly degrades, posing
obtained. More advanced techniques include computers and a threat to the system's growth and health. Water quality
sensors that can store data in memory for subsequent indicates accomplishment or disappointment to an exorbitant
retrieval and analysis by technicians[1]. Currently, water degree of aquaculture. Since a result, water quality is an
monitoring systems use two different types of control important consideration in fish monitoring operations, as it
techniques. A general-purpose system to check on the water ensures the health of any aquaculture system. Maintaining
status manually. The other is an industrial control system that water quality in the optimal range promotes fish development
owners’ controllers and small-scale, programmable computers. and decreases the occurrence of fish illnesses[2]. Temperature,
Different water parameters may be monitored by both systems. water level, and pH are just a few of the critical water factors
Currently, water treatment plants employ these systems. to keep an eye on. Temperature, potential hydrogen (pH) level,
water level and are all important water factors to monitor and
*Corresponding author:
E-mail address: Corresponding author <XXX@gmail.com>.
2785-8901/ © 2022 The Authors. Published by Penteract Technology.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 2
manage. To monitor the condition of numerous water quality - To apply temperature sensor to measure high and low
factors, fish breeders rely on manual testing. Manual testing, water temperature and to trigger the water pump to pump in
on the other hand, takes time and produces inaccurate findings water into the tank through first hose and to pump out the
since water quality fluctuates over time. As a result, cutting- existing water from tank through second hose when the
edge technology should be applied to address this issue in this temperature is above 30℃ and alert the user when the
monitoring system. Mechanization of aquaculture setups will temperature is below 25℃ in fish monitoring system.
provide the following benefits: production closer to market
demand, improved environmental standards and directives, -To apply pH level sensor to measure high and low pH
reduced devastating losses, decrease environmental value of the water and to trigger the water pump to pump in
management, lower production costs, and improved aquatic water in to the tank through the first hose and to pump out the
product quality.Water temperature, pH, water level, are all existing water through the second hose when the pH level
monitored and automatically corrected by the system. Sensors, indicates high value which is above 9.0 and low value which
LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network), and correction is below 6.0 in fish monitoring system.
devices are all used in this system[3]. The threshold values for -To apply water level sensor to measure high and low
the distinct water quality measures are pre-programmed in the water level and to trigger the water pump to pump in water in
micro-controller. Motors attached to micro-controllers, water to the tank when the water level is below the optimal level in
pumps, are used to create improvised correction devices. the fish tank in fish monitoring system.
Water replacement is used to stabilize the water quality and to
stabilize the pH level. This allows the water to be adjusted to a
suitable temperature for fish development without exposing
the fish to chemicals that might harm their health.Furthermore,
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
for fish growers, this technology is far less expensive and
simpler to implement. The data from the sensors was only Monitoring Smart Fish Farm Implementation by
collected once a day or it alarms the user when the sensor employing sensors and networks instead of the conventional
triggers. The data collection is done at a specific time of day, way, IoT increases operational effectiveness and system
and the correction is done after the data collected is not within application flexibility while at the same time lowering the cost
the necessary range for fish growth. of labour. The practical application gave the gateway the
thumbs-up for smooth operation in the monitoring system.
This concept makes use of remote intelligent monitoring to
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT operate the fish farm and assist the owner in conducting
scientific water quality monitoring[8]. To gather the data from
The fish farmers must visit the farm several times every day each sensor, the system created and deployed an automated
to supervise the overall activity. Workers visit the aqua farm aquarium system.This system was created to monitor and
on a regular basis to examine the pond's water quality as per manage the environmental conditions required to meet a fish's
their timetable. Some people use portable metre to manually ideal demands. putting in place a mobile app, a service
check water parameters, while others submit a water sample to platform, and a control module on an IoT gadget so the user
a laboratory for testing. In comparison to other fields of may manage the water system from a distance. Our
technology, such as agriculture, aquaculture is behind. As a
technology is anticipated to be a potential tool for farmers
result, it is critical to use technology to help solve the
looking to enhance the output of high-quality fish in an
difficulties. Although manual monitoring is beneficial in that
farmers can directly examine and know the health state of the efficient fish farming system.Farmers now need a technology
fish, checking on a regular basis will require a lot of time and that will display the status of these factors in real time. Even
work.The main issue for fish farmers is the water quality, farmers lack reliable knowledge of when the water's condition
which is essential for a healthy fish. These three categories are changes[9]. The suggested system will frequently check for
water level, temperature, and ph level. Fish can escape from a these changes and either automatically take action or have the
pond or aquarium when the water level is too high or suffer farmer pretend to do it. The system will have a feature to
when the level is too low. The health of the fish may be display all of the streaming data from the fish monitoring
harmed by excessively hot or low temperatures, which may system graphically. Later, a farmer may use a smartphone to
result in fish skin disease Columnaris or even death.High pH control the equipment from a distance.
values can affect fish health, resulting in symptoms such
as frantic swimming, lethargy, rapid breathing, or other erratic I. Khairunisa,Mardeni (2021)
behavior and eventual death for the fishes which is term as the
disease call Hemorrhagic Septicemia.[4] Low pH levels also Smart Aquarium Design Using Raspberry Pi and Android
harm fish by generating tuberculosis. In order to create a Based
healthy fish, producers must constantly evaluate these
important factors. A smart aquarium device was designed to feed
aquaculture fish automatically, namely Smart Aquarium
Design Using Android-Based Raspberry Pi, designed to
4. OBJECTIVE provide convenience in the process of maintaining fish in
-To use Arduino micro controller to be integrated with an aquarium and to change water.[14]
three sensors which are temperature sensor,water level sensor
and pH level sensor.
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 3
The Implementation of Smart Aquarium System with Fish Farming with Smart Aquarium System
Intelligent Sensors
The system uses various sensor along with multiple sensors
A smart monitoring and automation control system for a fish that require in fish farming industry to sustain the health of
aquarium is created. The prototype applies Internet of Things water cultures.[16]
technology, so the fish keepers can adjust the fish needs (water
and feed) remotely anywhere and anytime. The system has
temperature and turbidity sensor, automatic water drain, and 6. METHODOLOGY
live stream features.[17]
Development of smart fish farming system based on iot 6.1 Level of Complexity
using wasted warm water energy
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 4
Fish, like many other things, have a specified tolerance range which makes it much simpler for consumers to comprehend
for certain environmental parameters, particular types of fish the platform's technological underpinnings. Users are able to
farming necessitate the fulfilment of particular conditions in cut down on the amount of time they spend developing and
order to be successful. In addition, in order to maintain a debugging their software thanks to open-source code
healthy habitat for the live fish, workers who are employed in contributed by expert programmers. [23]
fish farming ponds are required to remain active during the
whole workday. The primary purpose of this article is to II.Water Level Sensor
monitor and take steps to preserve the habitat's sustainable
In a stationary container, an abnormally high or low water
environment for fish species inside of fishing ponds through
level can be detected by a sensor known as a water level. It
distributed machine to machine communication. This will
is classified as either a contact type or a non-contact type, and
reduce the amount of time necessary for some key procedures.
this distinction is based on the method that is used to measure
[25]. Within the scope of this study, we contribute an
the liquid level. The submersible level sensor determines the
enhancement to an operational Internet of Things (IoT) system
amount of liquid that is contained within the tank. The greater
for monitoring fish farming systems. The Internet of Things
the amount of water that the sensor is submerged in, the
system consists of a small board computer that processes the
greater the conductivity of the water, which in turn will result
data and sends audible and visual signals to the management
in a lower resistance. The lower the amount of water in which
of the fish farm, as well as a large number of sensors that
the sensor is submerged, the lower the conductivity of the
detect important aspects of water quality such as temperature,
sensor, which in turn will result in a larger resistance [32].
pH level, and water level. The technology that is currently in
place is unable to process data and make it available to users III.Temperature Sensor
via mobile or web platforms. End users will be able to monitor
and manage particular components of the Internet of Things In the design that has been proposed, a temperature sensor
system for fish farming ponds in real time if an extension that is waterproof DS18B20 is used. It is a waterproof digital
module, such as a modem, is utilised. This is one solution to temperature probe that may be submerged in any liquid
the challenge presented by the remote location of fish farming without leaking or breaking. Because the DS18B20 has a 1-
ponds and their reliance on pure fresh water. Additionally, the Wire interface, it is only necessary to connect a single wire
fact that there are four connected sensors that are supplying from the Arduino to it. The temperature probe has an accuracy
outputs to the system is another factor that may help to explain of 0.5 degrees Celsius and can monitor temperatures ranging
the complexity of this project. [31] This should ensure that the from -55 degrees to 125 degrees Celsius. The sensor's output
failure of a single sensor does not have an effect on the voltage is going to be measured in order to obtain the
functioning of the entire system. temperature from the sensor. Due to the fact that the sensor
generates an analogue voltage, the wire will be linked to the
6.2 Tools and Procedure analogue input pin on the Arduino [33].
HARDWARE IV.PH Leval Sensor
I.Arduino Uno When it comes to testing water, one of the most critical
pieces of equipment to have is a pH sensor. This type of
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller that has 14
sensor is able to determine the levels of alkalinity and acidity
digital input/output pins in addition to 6 analogue inputs. It is
in water as well as other liquids. The aquarium hydroponic
also capable of being powered by an external power source,
spare laboratory pH electrode probe BNC connector was the
such as a battery or an AC-to-DC adapter, in addition to being
instrument that was utilised in the process of determining the
powered by a computer through a USB connection. In order
pH value of the liquid that was being tested. It has an accuracy
for the board to function properly, the voltage supply must be
of 0.1 pH and can measure the pH range from 0 to 14 over a
within the range of 7 V to 12 V. The Arduino Uno can be
temperature range of 0 to 60 degrees Celsius in water. A pH
programmed using the software that comes with Arduino. C++,
sensor circuit board is required in order to connect to an
a language known for its friendliness to programmers, serves
Arduino board because the electrode probe is attached with a
as the foundational language for Arduino software. This
BNC connector. Due to the fact that the pH sensor generates
intuitive programme is compatible with the Windows
an analogue output signal, it will be linked to the analogue
operating system. In comparison to Raspberry Pi, Arduino
input pin on the Arduino. [32]
Uno is available at a lower cost, which was a factor in our
decision to go with it. When compared to Raspberry Pi, the V.Water Pump
software that comes with Arduino is easier to work with. In
addition, the software is distributed as open source tools,
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 5
Within the context of this system, the process of water Table 1 shows the expected number of hardware needed for
replacement is crucial to the transformation of the overall the project
water quality. In this intelligent fish monitoring system, an
R385 DC12V Diaphragm Water Pump is utilised. Bubbles are SOFTWARE
produced as a result of the pump drawing in air and then
I.Arduino Software (IDE)
releasing it into the water. The water is displaced by the
bubbles, which churns the water and causes the carbon dioxide The Arduino Software is an open-source Integrated
to ascend to the surface. External pumps deliver air to the Development Environment (IDE) that enables users to
pump by means of a hose that is connected to the pump itself create code and then upload that code to an Arduino board. A
when it is submerged in water. [34] screenshot of the Arduino Software can be found in Figure
3.13. Users can access a variety of tutorials in order to gain a
VI.1Sheeld+
better understanding of the software's more technical aspects
1Sheeld+ is a framework that enables Arduino to employ the thanks to the fact that the Arduino IDE is an open source and
sensors and capabilities of smartphones in a variety of extendable programme.
different Arduino projects. The difference between the
II. 1Sheeld App
original version 1Sheeld and the 1Sheeld+ is that the latter is
compatible with both Android and iOS devices, whilst the 1Sheeld+ is able to connect the Arduino to 1Sheeld's
former was only compatible with Android devices. In its most own apps running on smartphones through the use of
basic form, 1Sheeld+ is made up of two components. The first Bluetooth thanks to the software platform. 1Sheeld+ gives you
component is the physical board, which includes a micro access to over 40 different shields to choose from. The 'Data
controller and a Bluetooth module for the purpose of data Logger Shield,' 'Email Shield,' and 'Push Button Shield' are the
transmission between an Arduino and a smartphone. It is names of the several shields that were utilized in the
positioned directly on top of the Arduino board and may be construction of this system. The 'Data Logger Shield' is used
powered and controlled by the same source of electricity that to log data into the memory of the smartphone; the 'Email
is used to run the Arduino Uno. The mobile application that Shield' is used to email the logged data to other users; and the
may be used on a smartphone and the accompanying software 'Push Button Shield' enables the user to determine when to
platform make up the second component. It allowed start logging the data.
communication between the 1Sheeld+ and smartphone, both
of which were functioning as virtual shields for Arduino. [13] PROCEDURES
Hardware Expected Quantity Figure summarizes the entire flow of the project. Following
the selection of the final year project title, more background
Arduino Uno 1 study was conducted to have a deeper understanding. The
scope of research was selected in order to have a general
Water Level Sensor 1 notion of how to carry out the project. Journals and articles
from different researchers were examined and collated in
Temperature Sensor 1 order to improve and adapt present monitoring system
technology. After reviewing the features and components
PH Level Sensor 1 employed by previous studies, a conceptual design was
presented.For final year project one, the chosen title was
Water Pump 2 studied, and a prototype design of how the system will operate
was created. The project will be built in Final Year Project
Relay Model 2 Two in accordance with this guideline.[1]
1Sheeld+ 1
Circuit Board 2
Switch 4
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 6
Test
Initial project confirmation had entailed determining the If the system returns a negative result, the prototype should
quantity and type of sensors. Then, to gather further project return to the rough design to identify and correct the problem.
experience, preliminary study and reference materials were If the system responds well, you may go on to the final design
performed. The project start date, scope, task limitations, and create a suitable version of the model with a presentable
resource and manpower constraints, project environment, appearance.A final testing should always done before
deliverables, and budget are all defined criteria. To proceeding to final design submission.A development project
comprehend the project title, much research has been should be intended to provide a certain outcome with the goal
conducted. of improving a group's economic and social situations. During
this procedure, you can make more changes. Additional ideas,
Research and Literature Review creativity can be implement during this process such as adding
extra sensors.
To support the project title, a minimum of 30 articles and
associated links from expertise and past work reviews were Final Implementation
investigated. A literature review is essential in a research
paper since it serves as proof to support the project title and The final project design process should turn the preliminary
shows that a background of the system has been carried out design drawings and report into a complete set of final design
previously. All of the articles have been screened, and the drawings (construction drawings) and technical requirements
important elements have been identified for inclusion in the for the project. The process of turning strategies and plans into
project. actions in order to achieve previously stated strategic
objectives and goals is known as implementation. The
Proposed Conceptual Design strategic plan's implementation is just as critical as, if not
more important than the previous strategy.It is important the
The basic design normally consists of a few diagrams that system has achieved all the objectives stated above.
collectively illustrate the strategy we're taking and how the
solution will operate. To identify the system, a block diagram System
and flowchart are built in this project. Ideas, methods,
resources, and deliverables are all planned out within the A final complete system of IoT based fish monitoring system
project lifetime. is created with positive outcomes.A research report should be
written for guidance purposes and for project descriptions.
Build Prototype
Corresponding author et al./ Malaysian Journal of Science and Advanced Technology 7
BLOCK DIAGRAM
6.4 Budget
check data in real time through a customised app without 3: 5G based Mobile Remote Control,” in 2019 IEEE
having to place their smartphones in close proximity to the International Conference on Architecture, Construction,
system. In addition to that, it is strongly recommended that Environment and Hydraulics (ICACEH), 2019, pp. 101–104.
wireless sensors be implemented in order to simplify the
process of wire connection as much as is humanly possible. [8] A. Angani, S. M. Oh, E. S. Kim, and K. J. Shin,
Switching out the Arduino Uno with a PIC microcontroller, “Realization of Eel Fish Farm with Artificial Intelligence
which is significantly more compact than an Arduino board, is Part2: IoT based Flow Control Using MQTT,” in 2019 IEEE
International Conference on Architecture, Construction,
one way to enhance the functionality of the device. There is
Environment and Hydraulics (ICACEH), 2019, pp. 97–100.
room for improvement in the dimensions of the housing. If the
moving object in the tank is of a smaller size, then the fish in
[9] Y. Kim, N. Lee, B. Kim, and K. Shin, “Realization of IoT
the tank will be less readily frightened by it. The water quality
based fish farm control using mobile app,” in 2018
monitoring system is able to be powered by environmentally International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and
friendly energy sources like solar power. Solar power would Control (IS3C), 2018, pp. 189–192.
assist to reduce the amount of waste produced by electronic
devices because AA batteries cannot be recycled. Additionally,
[10] P. Ateetanan, S. Usanavasin, K. Shirahada, and T.
it is not necessary to replace the batteries on a regular basis. Supnithi, “From Service Design to Enterprise
Architecture:The Alignment of Service Blueprint and
Business Architecture with Business Process Model and
Notation,” in Serviceology for Services, vol. 10371, Y. Hara
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