CHAPTER -5

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

TChoose the correct answers (each question carries 1 mark).

1. Five students obtained 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 marks respectively. What would be the mean?

a) 35 b) 30 c) 25 d) 40

2. X=x /N is concerned with

a) Arithmetic Mean b)Modec)Median d) Geometric Mean

3. The most commonly used measure of central tendency is

a) Mode b) Median c) Arithmetic Mean d) Percentile

4. Which of the following represent Median?

a)Q b) Qs c) Qs d) Q2
5. Percentile divide the distribution equal into

a) 100 parts b) 25 parts c) 75 parts d) 50 parts

6. Quartles are the measures which divide the data into

a) 2 equal parts b)4equal parts c)1 equal part d) 3 equal parts

7. Assign weights to various item according to their importance is called

a) Arithmetic mean b) Median c) Weighted Arithmetic mean d) mode

8. What would be the median wage for the following wages of 5 labourers 10,20,30,35,38.

a) Rs. 20 b) Rs.10 c)Rs.35 d)Rs. 30.

I1 Fill in the blanks (each question carries 1 mark).

1. Weighted Arithmetic mean gives relative importance to each item

2. 3d quartile and 75percentileare the same.
3. There are 3 quartiles in a series.
Medium is not affected by the extreme values.
5. Most frequently observed value in a series is called Mode.
6. A distribution with more than two modes is called Multi-modal.

I1. match the following: (total 5 marks).

1. Arithmetic mean 1) Positional value (2)

2. Median 2) X(1)
3. EN 3) Q(5)
4. Q1, Q2, P2s, Pso. 4) Total number of observations (3)
3 (N+1) 5) Division values (4)
2

17
 V. Answer the following questions in a word/ sentence (each question carries I mark)

I. What is meant
by central tendency'?
Tehdency is one of the statistical tools wlhich summarize the data in a single value ih such a
way that this single value
can
represent the entire data.
2. What is the
meaning of Arithmetic mean?
A ietic mean is detined as the sum of the values of all observations divided by numoc O
observations.
3. Define Median?

Median is the middle

element when data set is arranged in order of the magnitude.
4. Pocket
money õf 8 students is Rs.
6,12,18,24,30,36,42 and 48. Calculate arithmetic mean.
5=27 N

5.Write the formula for

WM-Wx
weighted mean?
EW

6.What do you mean by percentiles?

Percentiles are those measures which divides the distribution into
hundred equal parts.
7. What is Bi-model?
A distribution
having two modes is said to be Bi-modal.
8. Calcuiate mode from the following data?
X= 10,8,10,6,4,12, 10,8,10,18,16,10,18,16.
10 is the mode as it has occurred maximum times.

V. Answer the
following questions in about four sentences
(each question carries 2 marks)
1. What are the
types of measures of central tendency?
There are 3 types of measures of central tendency viz., Mean, Median and Mode.

2. Calculate arithmetic mean from the

following data?
Marks obtained by 10 students 30, 62, 47, 25,
52, 39, 56, 66, 12, 24
X= 30+62+47+25+52+39+56+66+12+24-413

EX

13
XNN
10

41.3
3. Calculate the value of median from the
following data.
 2.

We need to put the values in ascending order-

SI.No.
X
M-Value of ( item
M-Value of item
8
9
M-Value of(item
M-Value of 5thitem
11
12 M=9
8 15
25

4. How do you classify modal series?

Modal series can be classified as:

a) Uni-modal b) Bi-modal c) Multi-modal

series.
5. What is mode? Give formula to find out mode in continuous

Mode is the most frequently observed data value.

continuous series:
The following formula is used to calculate Mode for
D
M=L+5i+Dfoliowing
VI. Answer the
kh

questions in about twelve

sentences (each question carries 4 marks)

1. Calculate the arithmetic mean from the following data.

30 35 40
10 15 20
X
9 10 6 5

fx
25
70 N
1065

15 135 2
= 20.48
20 10 200
25 8 200
30 180
35 175
40 2 80
Total N=52 Efx=1065

2. Define weighted mean? How do you calculate it? Explain.

While calculating arithmetic mean, sometimes, it is essential to give weightage to various items

according to their importance. This is called weighted arithmetic mean. For example if there are
two commodities rice and apple and we are interested in finding the average of these two
 X:5, 7,9, 12, 11,
8, 7, 15, 25.
We need to put the values in ascending order-
SI.No. X
5
2 M-Value of ( item
7
3 M-Value of ( item
4
5
M-Value of item
9
5 M-Value of 5thitem
11
7 12 M-9
8 15
25

4. How do you classify modal series?

Modal series can be classified as:

a) Uni-modal b) Bi-modal c) Multi-modal

5. What is mode? Give formula to find out mode in continuous series.

Mode is the most frequently observed data value.

series:
The following formula is used to calculate Mode for continuous

D h
M=L+ D+D carries 4 marks)
VI. Answer the following questions in about twelve sentences (each question

from the following data.

1. Calculate the arithmetic mean

40
10 30 35
2
5 9 10 6

tx
5 5 25
N
10 7 70 1065

15 9 135 52
= 20.48
20 10 200
25 8 200
30 180
35 175
40 2 80
Total N=52 Efx=1065

2. Define weighted mean? How do you calculate it? Explain.

While calculating arithmetic mean, sometimes, it is essential to give weightage to various items
according to their importance. This is called weighted arithmetic mean. For example if there are
two commodities rice and apple and we are interested in finding the average of these two

19
 more
r i c e is
because
apple,
less weight to
rice and
we may assign
more weight to
to
tne
l L e s

according
: important than apple to us.
to different
items
d i f f e r e n t weights
mean gives
weighted arithmetic
mean.
importance while calculating
calculate weighted
arithmetic mean
is
The formula used to
iP1+92P2

Weighted arithmetic
mean
1492

three statistical averages.

3. Name and define any or averages.
m e a s u r e s of
central tendency
There are many statistical
are as follows:
The most commonly used averages

Arithmetic mean

Median
Mode
it is
of averages.
commonly used
measure

Arithmetic m e a n is the most

i)Arithmeticmean; number of observations.
observations divided by the
defined as the sum of the values of all
CX
the formula: X
=

It is generally calculated by
viz.,
mean can be studied under 2 broad categories
The calculation of Arithmetic

Arithmetic m e a n for ungrouped data

Arithmetic m e a n for grouped data assumed mean method and
direct method,
The Arithmetic mean can be calculated through
used.
method different formula is
deviation method. in each
step
value of the variable which divides
the distribution into
Median: Median is the positional
set is arranged in order
considered as the middle element when the data
is
two equal parts. Median
in ascending order. If there are
even

It can be easily computed by arranging data

of the magnitude. this case
two observations which
fall in the middle. The median in
there will be
numbers in the data,
arithmetic m e a n of two
middle values.
computed as the
formual
Median can be calculated by using the following

Median=Size of ( ) item,

It is the value which is repeated

Mode: Mode is the most frequently observed data value.
number of times in a series. It is indicated by Mo.
highest
the following formula-
For continuous series mode, mode is calculated by using

M=
Mo L+
LD+D2 Xh
4. Calculate median from the following data.

Weight 40 50607080 90
No. of persons 3 17 24 16 8 2
 Weight (x Cf
40
50 3
17 20
60
24 44
70
16 60
80 8 68
90
70
70

Median Size of ()th item

Median -Size of ( item

Median= Size of (item

Median = 35.5th item

Median = 60

6. Calculate the lower quartile from the following data.

X: 22, 26, 14, 30,18,11,35,41,12, 32.

Lower Quartile or first Quartile is denoted by Q

SI. No. Xin

ascending
order)
11
2 12
14
18
22
26
30
32
35
10 41

Q-Size of item

Q-Size of ( item

Q-Size of item

Q-Size of2.75thitem
Q:=Size of2nd item+0.75th item
 -2d item)
1.e, Size of 2nd item+0.75 (3rd item
Q 12+0.75(14-12)
12+0.75(2)
- 12+1.51

Q13.5
carries 6 marks)
sentences. (Each question
VI. Answer the following in about twenty
tollowing
methods for the
assumed mean and step deviation
. Calculate arithmetic mean by direct,
data.

X: 40, 50, 55, 78, 58.

Direct method:

40
50
55
78
58
281

=56.2

Assumed mean method:

=A + N

d=x-A

(A=40)
40-A 0
50 10
55 15
78 38
58 18
d=81
R=A + N

K=40 +

K=40 + 16.2

22
 =56.2

Step Deviation method:

d=x-A
(A-40) d'
40-A
0 (c=10)
50 =0/10-0
10
55 =10/10=1.0
15
78 =15/10=1.5
38
58
18
38/10-3.8
=18/10-1.8
-A + x c d'-8.1

=-40 + x 10

R=40 + x 10
5

1
R=40 +

R=40+16.2
=56.2

2. Calculate average marks of the

following students by using-
a) Direct method b) step deviation method.

Marks(x) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

No. of students
12 15 L 25
50-60 60-70
8 3 2

X
Mid Value
fx d=X-A d
(A=5) fd
0-10 5=A 25
c=10)
10-20 12 15 180 10
20-30 15 25
1 12
375 20
30-40 25 35 30
875 30
40-50 8 75
45 360
50-60 3
40
55 165 32
60-70 50
2 65 130 15
N=70 60
12
Xfx=2110
Efd-176
Direct method:

23
 70

R=30.14

Step deviation method:

=A+xe
=5+x10
=5+2.514x 10

R=5+25. 14
-30.14

3. Find the median for the foliowing data.

50-60 40-50 30-40 20-30

60-70
Wages 11 6 5
No. of 7 21

workers

No. of workers C.f

Wages(in
ascending
order)
20-30 5
6 11
30-40
11 22
40-50
21 43
50-60
50
60-70

50

Median Size of () item

Size of( h item

=Size of 25th item

= 50-60

following formula is used:

To calculate the exact Median

Median=
i denotes width of the class
class to the median class
fdenotes c.fof preceding
Median-50 10

Median-50 21
10
Median=50 10

Median-50+10
Median-50+1.47

Median=51.47

data.
4. Calculate Q, Qz andQsfrom the following

15, 21, 26, 30, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 65, 70.

Sl.No X

21
3 26
30
40
6 45
50
54
9 60
10 65
11 70

item
Q-Size of (
th item
Q -Size of ( )
Q1 =Size of (h item
Q-Size of 3rd item

Q 26

Q,-Size of item
 Q=Size of n item

Q-Size of(Hitem
Q2-Size of (6)th item

Q45.

Q=Size of 3 item

Q-Size of |3()tem
QueSize of |3(G)|" tem

Q-eSizeof) tem
Q-Size of 9th item

Qs 60

5. Calculate Q,Qa and Q3 from the following data:

22, 26, 14, 30, 18, 11, 35, 41, 12, 32.

SI.No X
(in
ascending
order)
11
12
14
18
22
6 26
7 30
8 32
9 35
20 41
Q-Size of item

Q-Size of item
Q-Size of item
Q-Size of 2.75th item

Q-Size of 2nd
+0.75(3rd item-2nd item)
Q-12 +0.75(14-12)

Q-12 +0.75(2)

Q1=12 +15

Q-13.5

Q=Size of titem

Q=Size of item

Q=Size of ( item

Q=Size of (5.5)th item

Q-Size of ( item

40+45
Q2
85
Q
Q=42.5

Qy-Size of 3()item
Q-Size
of 3( item

Qu-Sizeof 3()item
Q-Size of)tem
Q3-Size of 8.25th item

Qs-Size of 8th item+0.25(9th item-8th item)

 Q-32+0.25(35-32)
Q-32+0.25(3)
Q3-32+0.75
Qs 32.75
6.Find the mode of labour family from following data
Monthly income ("in 000) Cumulative frequency
97
Below 50
Below 45 95
Below 40 90
Below 35 80
60
Below 30
Below 25 30
Below 20 12
Below 15 4
Cumulative frequency.
Arrange the classes in ascending order and accordingly the
Monthlyincome (*in 000) CumulativefrequencY
4
10-15
15-20 12 (12-4) 8
20-25 S0 30-12)=18
25-30 60 (60-30)-30
30-35 80 (80-60)=20
35-40 90 (90-80)=10
40-45 95 (95-90)=5
45-50 97 (97-95)=2
locate 25-30 as Modal class as it has occurred maximum times.
From the above table we can
formula is used.
To find exact mode, the following
M=25+-xh
1+D2
12
Mo=25+nX5
Mg=25x5
Mo=25+0.54 x 5
M=25+2.72
M-27.72
L= Lower limit of Modal class.
23
 D i - D i f f e ence between frequency of the
modal class and
frequency of the
preceding modal class.
Difference between trequency or the modal
class and
class interval
frequency of the succeeding modal class.
h of the distribution.
VIII. Project oriented question (5 marks)
1. As per recorded temperature per two
hours in a day from 6 6 pm,
mean
temperature of day. am to calculate the range and

Hour Temperature
(celcius)
6-8 18
8-10 24
10-12 26
12-14 29
14-16 30
16-18 25

Hour Temperature
(Celsius)
6-8 18
8-10 24
10-12 26
12-14 29
14-16 30
16-18 25
Total 178

Rang e= Largest -Smallest 35-25

Range= 10" Celsius

= 29.66

N: Number of observations

x: Sum of the temperature of the day

The mean temperature of the day is 29.66 Celsius.
*********** **********k * **** x * ***