Mount Hill Social Studies Key Book 06

Mount Hill Social Studies 6 2 Key Book
Chapter 1
The Muslim World

A Answer the questions.
Q1. What do you mean by Muslim world? Write the number
of Muslims in the world.
Ans. The term Muslim world or Islamic world refers to the
worldwide community of Muslims. The population of
Muslims in the world is about 1.3 to 1.5 billion. It is
roughly one-fifth of the world’s population.
Q2. Explain the connection between the literacy rate and
the population of a country.
Ans. According to studies, the countries with higher literacy
rate have longer life expectancy. The population of such
countries is increasing more rapidly than the other
countries. Naturally when people live for a longer period
of time the population will increase – as more people are
born and less people die.
Q3. Explain how the development of a country gets affected
by life expectancy.
Ans. The growth and development of the country gets affected
by the life expectancy of the people of that country. Due
to longer life expectancy and good health, people work
for longer period of time and add to the wealth of the
country.
Q4. What is the difference between a secular state and no
declaration state?
Ans. A secular state is a state or country that is officially neutral
in matters of religion, although religion is mentioned
in their constitution. They neither support nor oppose
any particular religion, belief or practices. There are
countries where people chose not to mention religion in
the constitution of the country. Such countries fall under
the category of no declaration.
Q5. What kind of state is Pakistan? Write a note on that
particular kind.
Ans. Pakistan is officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Although its name is Islamic Republic of Pakistan, it
operates with Islam as its state religion. A state religion
is a religion officially adopted by the state. Their law and
constitution is not Islamic but no anti-Islamic law can be
passed either.
B Match the following.
Islamic states Afghanistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia
State religion- Bangladesh, Pakistan, Algeria,
Islam United Arab Emirates
Secular states Somalia, Indonesia, Egypt, Mali
No declaration Turkey
C Fill in the blanks.
1. Islam is the second largest religion in the world.
2. The world-wide Muslim community is known as the
ummah.
3. Countries with higher literacy rate have longer life
expectancy.
4. A state religion is a religion officially adopted by the
state.
5. A secular state is a state or country that is officially
neutral in matters of religion.
Mount Hill Social Studies 64 Key Book
D Colour the Muslim countries on the map.
E Tick (✓)the names of the Islamic countries.

 Morocco  Togo
☐ Thailand ☐ Congo
☐ India  Iran
☐ Brazil ☐ Japan
 Turkey  Bahrain
 Brunei ☐ Sri Lanka
 Tunis ☐ Tanzania
☐ Zambia  Saudi Arabia
 Pakistan  Syria
☐ Greece  Somalia
☐ Nepal ☐ Peru
☐ Chile  Mali
 Chad ☐ Bolivia
☐ Mexico  Yemen
☐ Hungry  Sudan
☐ Angola  Indonesia
F Complete the table with the missing information.
Names of Status Area Population Official Official
Countries Currency Language
State 880,982 Pakistani
Urdu
Pakistan religion- square 182,490,721 Rupee
English
Islam kilometers (PKR)
2,149,690 Saudi
Saudi Islamic
square 29,994,272 Riyal Arabic
Arabia state
kilometers (SAR)
1,648,195
Islamic Rial
Iran square 77,176,930 Persian
state (IRR)
kilometers
783,562 Turkish
No decla-
Turkey square 76,667,864 Lira Turkish
ration
kilometers (TRY)
1,002,450 Egyptian
Secular
Egypt square 86,000,000 pound Arabic
state
kilometers (EGP)
1,904,569
Secular Rupiah
Indonesia square 237,424,363 Indonesian
state (IDR)
kilometers
State 329,847
Ringgit
Malaysia religion – square 30,018,242 Malaysian
(MYR)
Islam kilometers
State 147,570
Bangla- Taka Bangla
religion – square 150,039,000
desh (BDT) (Bengali)
Islam kilometers
—————
Chapter 2
Physical Features of the

Muslim World
Q1. Write a note on the African mountains.
Ans. In the northeast of Africa is the famous Mount Sinai
in Egypt. According to the common belief, Prophet
Musa A.S (Moses) witnessed the glory of God on that
mountain. On the western side of Africa is the Atlas
Range in Morocco. These mountains are not very high,
but as we move towards the east the altitude starts to rise.
Mount Kilimanjaro near the eastern coast in Tanzania is
the highest mountain of the continent.
Q2. Name the mountains of South Asia. What is their
importance?
Ans. Afghanistan, Pakistan and other south Asian States share
the Himalayas, Karakoram and the Hindu Kush Range
of mountains. Together, these mountain ranges form a
wall in South Asia, protecting the region from the cold
winds of the Arctic Circle.
Q3. Write the names and locations of the six deserts of the
Muslim world.
Ans. There are six deserts in the Muslim world. They are the
Sahara, Arabian, Thar, Somali, Kyzyl Kum and Dasht-e-
Lut. The Sahara is in North Africa. The Arabian Desert
most of it lies in Saudi Arabia. The Thar Desert is shared
by India and Pakistan. Dasht-e-Lut lies to the south of
Iranian Plateau in Iran. The Somali Desert lies in the
east of Somalia whereas the Kyzyl Kum Desert lies in
Uzbekistan.
Q4. Write a note on African plateaus.
Ans. There are two plateaus in Africa, northern plateau and
central-southern plateau. The northern plateau stretches
across north of Africa, and covers countries such as
Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia and Egypt. The central-
southern plateau lies on the equator. It is slightly higher
than the northern plateau.
Q5. Write a note on the plateaus in Pakistan.
Ans. Pakistan has three plateaus in Punjab and Balochistan.
The first lies in the south of Punjab. It covers an area of
18000 square kilometers and has an average height of
300 to 600 meters. The second lies to the south of the
Rivers Jhelum and Indus. The average height of this
area is 2500 to 3500 feet, with maximum height of 4992
feet. The third lies in Balochistan and is known as the
Sulaiman Mountains. Different small mountain ranges
converge together to form this mountain range.
Q6. Explain the location of the six rivers of the Muslim
world.
Ans. There are six rivers in the Muslim world. They are the
Nile, Indus, Ganges, Amu Darya, Tigris and Euphrates.
The Nile rises in the Great Lakes Region of Central
Africa and falls into the Mediterranean Sea. The Indus
originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows along the
entire length of the country. Eventually, it merges into
the Arabian Sea. The Ganges is one of the major rivers
in Indian subcontinent flowing from Northern India
into Bangladesh. The Amu Darya is the longest river in
Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh
and Panj Rivers. The Tigris and the Euphrates are two
rivers which flow from the mountains of South-Eastern
Turkey through Iraq. Eventually, they join together into
a single river before emptying into the Persian Gulf.
B Fill in the blanks.
1. Mountains protect a region from strong winds.
2. Prophet Musa A.S (Moses) witnessed the glory of God
on Mount Sinai.
3. The highest mountain of Africa is Mount Kilimanjaro.
4. The Sahara Desert covers more than 25 percent of
Africa.
5. The Arabian Desert is also given the name Hijaz.
6. The Thar Desert is shared both by India and Pakistan.
7. Kyzyl Kum Desert lies in Uzbekistan.
8. The Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and
Blue Nile.
C Circle the correct answer.
1. Euphrates in Arabic is known as:
Farat Karbala Shatul Ararat
2. The Thar Desert is shared both by Pakistan and:
Iran Afghanistan India China
3. The Sahara is in:
North America North Africa
North Asia North Europe
4. The Dasht-e-Lut is a vast desert which lies in:
Iran Iraq Jordan Saudi Arabia
5. The famous historic city of Susa was built on this plateau.
Anatolia Iranian Plateau
African Plateau Sulaiman Mountain
D Show the location of the six rivers of the Muslim world.
E Show the location of the mountains ranges of the

Muslim world.
Chapter 3
Climate of the Muslim World

Q1. Write the location of the six deserts in the Muslim
world.
Ans. The Sahara is in North Africa. The Arabian Desert most
of it lies in Saudi Arabia. The Thar Desert is shared by
India and Pakistan. Dasht-e-Lut lies to the south of
Iranian Plateau in Iran. The Somali Desert lies in the
east of Somalia whereas the Kyzyl Kum Desert lies in
Uzbekistan.
Q2. Write a note on semi-deserts and scrublands.
Ans. Semi-desert and scrub lands have occasional rainfall.
The daytime temperature is high and the nights are cool.
Tough plants and shrubs grow here. The only use of
these plants and shrubs is as fodder for sheep and goats.
In Pakistan, the western parts are semi-desert. This is
valuable for Pakistan because people here rear sheep for
their wool.
Q3. Why is the Mediterranean climate favourable? What
are its benefits?
Ans. The Mediterranean climate is not very widespread but
forms a narrow belt around the Mediterranean Sea.
Mediterranean climate is a very favourable climate
because of its mild, wet winters and fairly warm and dry
summers. The fruit and vegetables cultivated here are of
good quality.
Q4. Explain the climate in the monsoon season during
summer and winter.
Ans. Monsoons are like land and sea breezes on a much larger
scale. In the summer, the land heats up and the air above
it rises, pulling in cooler air from over the sea. The air is
full of moisture therefore it drops much of this moisture
as rain when it reaches the land. In the winter, the land is
colder while the sea remains warm. The air over the sea
now rises, drawing in air from the land. This air is dry, so
for six months there will be little rainfall.
Q5. Write a note on tropical grasslands.
Ans. Tropical grasslands are usually found between the deserts
and the tropical forests. They are warm throughout the
year and have a small amount of rainfall which falls
between April and September. They have scattered trees,
bushes and long grass which dies in the long dry season.
B Multiple choice questions.
1.
How many of the deserts in the world are in the Muslim
world?
half three-quarters
one-fourth two-thirds)
2. The Sahara Desert has a size of:
9.4 million sq. km. 6.8 million sq. km.
7.8 million sq. km. 8.7 million sq. km.
3. A part of the Dasht-e-Lut (desert) also lies in:
Sindh Balochistan
Punjab Kashmir
4. In Pakistan, the western parts are:
semi-desert semi-tropical
semi-arid semi-rainforest
5. In Africa, grasslands are home to many animals like the:
lion panda kangaroo polar bear
1. Kyzyl Kum Desert lies in Uzbekistan.
2. Tropical grasslands are found between the deserts and
the tropical forests.
3. Tropical forests are being cut down for growing of
tropical fruits.
4. The whole of Uzbekistan is temperate desert.
5. The Mediterranean climate forms a narrow belt around
the Mediterranean Sea.
6. In the Muslim world Turkey, Syria and Lebanon are
natural temperate grasslands.
7. Monsoons are like land and sea breezes on a much larger
scale.
8. In the Muslim world only the sub-continent and South-
East Asia are affected by monsoons.
D Show the location of the six deserts in the Muslim
world.
Chapter 4
Resources of the Muslim World

Q1. In what is gold and silver used?
Ans. Gold is used in scientific equipment. It is used specially
for making important connections in computers and
other electronic equipment. Gold is also used in the
electronic equipment of satellites. Silver is used in
computers nowadays because it allows electricity to pass
smoothly. It is the main chemical in photographic film,
and is used in the manufacturing of many other chemical
products.
Q2. Write a note on zinc, copper and tin.
Ans. Zinc is a metal which is used to cover sheets of iron
or steel. Zinc does not rust and thus prevents the iron
underneath to get rusted too. Zinc is also used in making
batteries and as an ingredient in many medicines.
Copper is often found near iron deposits. Large deposits of
iron are present in Pakistan. Copper is used in the electrical
appliances and also to make copperware and wires.
Tin is found in Nigeria and Sudan. Indonesia and
Malaysia are among the largest exporters of tin.
Q3. Why do we wear woolen clothes in winter and cotton
clothes in summer? Why do hospitals use cotton bed
sheets and gowns?
Ans. Wool is the best form of textile especially in cold climates.
Woolen cloth contains many small pockets of air which
keeps the body warm. Cotton is a very important and
useful material. It can be used for manufacturing light
fabrics and thick fabrics. Light cotton fabric is useful in
summer as it also absorbs moisture released from the
body as sweat. Thick cotton fabric is used to manufacture
tents and sails. All the bed sheets and other re-usable
clothes in hospitals are manufactured from cotton
because it can be washed at high temperature to kill all
the germs or any infection it may contain.
Q4. What is the difference in the quality of tea produced
from the leaves of the upper and lower parts of the
plant?
Ans. The place of the origin of tea is China, but now it is grown
all over the world. It grows best on mountains where
there is plenty of rainfall. The small upper leaves of plant
are known to produce the best quality tea whereas the
bigger leaves at the bottom produce low quality tea.
Q5. How was coffee and cocoa discovered? How are they
made?
Ans. One of the most valuable agricultural products, coffee,
was discovered in Ethiopia by wandering shepherds.
They were surprised to find their sheep active after eating
the coffee leaves. Coffee is made by roasting the coffee
seeds and then grinding them. Cocoa was discovered in
Mexico where it was known as cacao. It became a very
popular drink for the nobles. Chocolate was not invented
from it till 1847 AD. During the manufacturing process,
cocoa beans are pressed to obtain fat cocoa butter which
is used in the manufacturing of cosmetics and medicines.
B Fill in the blanks.
1. As of 2006, the Arab World accounts for two-fifths of
the world’s GDP.
2. Muslim countries produce 45 percent of the world’s oil
and 15 percent of the natural gas.
3. Kazakhstan is an important producer of coal in the
Muslim world.
4. Gold is used in scientific equipment.
5. The highest quality wool in the world comes from the
sheep in Kazakhstan.
6. Muslim countries produce 20 percent of the world’s
cotton.
7. The place of origin of tea is China.
8. Coffee was discovered in Ethiopia.
9. Cocoa is used to manufacture chocolate.
10. China and India are the largest growers of rice.
C Write the names of the major sources of income of the
following countries.
Country Major Sources of Income
Afghanistan wheat, fruits and nuts.
Algeria petroleum and natural gas.
UAE petroleum and natural gas.
Bangladesh jute and jute goods, frozen fish and sea
food.
Indonesia petroleum and gas, plywood and
rubber.
Iran petroleum, chemicals and carpets.
Iraq crude oil, food and live animals.
Egypt crude oil, chemicals and cotton.
Kazakhstan oil, chemicals, wool and coal.
Country Major Sources of Income

Malaysia electric equipment, petroleum, rubber
and palm oil.
Morocco fertilizers, crude minerals, fish and
vegetables.
Nigeria cocoa, rubber, petroleum and
petroleum products.
Pakistan textile products, rice, leather and
sports goods.
Saudi Arabia petroleum and petroleum products.
Syria crude oil, agricultural products and
live animals.
Uzbekistan textiles, natural gas and chemicals.
Kuwait petroleum, ship building and cement.
—————
Chapter 5
Tourism
Q1. Write a note on tourism.
Ans. Tourism is travel for fun or for relaxing purposes.
Such a traveler is called a tourist. The world tourism
organization defines tourists as people who ‘travel to
and stay in places outside their usual environment for
not more than one year’. Tourism has become a popular
global leisure activity. It is vital for the economy of many
countries such as U.A.E, Egypt, Greece, Thailand and
many island nations such as Bahamas, Fiji and Maldives.
Q2. Which is the most visited place in the world? Write a
note on it.
Ans. Walt Disney Parks are the most visited places in the
world. An estimated 55 million people visit these parks
annually, thus making it the most popular and visited
tourist attraction in the world. Walt Disney Parks and
Resorts is a part of The Walt Disney Company. They
build and manage the company’s theme parks and
holiday resorts. Their movies and cartoons are played on
every channel in the world. Every child in the world is
familiar with the Walt Disney characters.
Q3. Which are the four main parts of the Lahore Fort?
Write about at least two.
Ans. The four main parts of the Lahore Fort include Sheesh
Mahal, Alamgiri Gate, Naulakha Pavilion and Moti
Masjid. The Naulakha Pavilion is a white marble chamber
located beside the Sheesh Mahal. The structure was
originally inlaid with precious stones and overlooked
the River Ravi. The Sheesh Mahal (Palace of Mirrors) is
located with the Shah Burj Block in the north-western
corner of Lahore Fort. It was constructed under the reign
of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in 1631 AD - 1632 AD.
Q4. Give a detail view of the misuse of Badshahi Mosque.
Ans. Badshahi Mosque was badly damaged and misused
during the Sikh rule. During the reign of Maharaja Ranjit
Singh, the mosque was used as a stable for the army’s
horses. Muslims were not allowed to enter the mosque
to worship. Even when the British took control of India,
they used the mosque for their military practices.
Q5. Write down the story behind Noor Mahal.
Ans. The Noor Mahal is a beautiful palace in Bahawalpur,
Pakistan. It was built in 1872 AD like an Italian chateau.
Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan lV got the palace built
for his wife. However, she was there for one night only. It
happened so that she saw the adjoining graveyard from
her balcony. At this, she refused to spend another night
there. The palace remained unused during his reign.
B Which place would you like to visit and why?
Ans. I would like to visit India. India is a historical country
with rich culture just like Pakistan. From the poetic Taj
Mahal to the stimulating Khajuraho Temples, there are
historic monuments, palaces and forts all over India.
Cultural and religious festivals take place here all year
long. They are very entertaining and colourful especially
Diwali.
C Tick the correct statements and cross the false
statements.
1. Tourism is travel for fun or for relaxing purposes. ✓
2. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is a part of the
Walt Disney Enterprise. ×
3. The most famous wall is the wall built between
2200-2000 BC by the first emperor of China. ×
4. The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built beside the
Sosa River in Paris. ×
5. The oldest and best known tourist attraction at
Niagara Falls is the Maid of the Mist Boat Cruise. ✓
6. The Lahore Fort is locally referred to as Shahi
Qila. ✓
7. The Badshahi Mosque was built in 1573 AD by
the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. ×
8. The Shalimar Garden is a Russian garden. ×
9. Nur Jahan died in 1645 AD at the age of 68. ✓
10. Derawar Fort is a large square fortress in Pakistan
near Bahawalnagar. ×
11. Mohenjo-Daro is sometimes referred to as “An
Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis”. ✓
12. A plea from a Pakistani chemist stopped the
construction at Harappa. ×
13. Taxila is considered a place of religious and
historical sanctity by Hindus and Buddhists. ✓
14. Baltit Fort is an ancient fort in the Swat Valley. ×
15. Rohtas Fort is a garrison built by the great
Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. ✓
D Identify some of the famous places shown in the
pictures below.
Masjid-al-Haram Faisal Mosque
Golden Gate Bridge Taj Mahal
Badshahi Mosque Pyramid of Giza
Eiffel Tower White House
Walt Disney Resort

E Mark the location of the places mentioned in this
chapter on the map.
Hunza
Baltit Fort
Kargah Buddha
Gilgit Skardu Fort
Skardu
Bala Hisar Fort Peshawar

Islamabad
Taxila Ruins Rawalpindi
Rohtas Fort
Taxila
Clock Tower Faisalabad

Lahore Shahi Qila
Museum at Harappa
Toghi Rd. Quetta Sahiwal
Derawar Fort
Bahawalpur
Rohri Arore
Sukkur Kot Diji Fort
Kot Diji
Gwadar Hyderabad Rani Kot Fort

Mohatta Palace
Karachi
Gwadar Fort
—————
Chapter 6
Classification of Industries
Q1. Explain classification of industries according to
ownership.
Ans. The classification of industries, according to ownership,
is as follows:
1. Public sector
2. Private sector
3. Joint sector
Public sector: In public sector, industries are owned by
the government. These kinds of industries are usually
large scale industries such as steel mills, oil and aircraft
manufacturing industries, etc.
Private sector: In private sector, people are the owners
of the industries. A small group of people combine their
resources and form an industry. This kind of private
industry is called a private limited company. Sometimes,
shares of the company are sold to a large number of
people; they are all owners of the company. This kind of
company is called a public limited company.
Joint sector: In joint sector, companies are owned by
both the government and the public. The money is raised
by both parties, and profits are distributed according to
the investment.
Q2. Which are agro-based industries?
Ans. In agro-based industries agricultural products are
processed to make the final product. The best examples
are the cotton, sugar and tobacco industries. In
cotton industry, the best quality thread and fabric is
manufactured. In sugar industry, sugar is manufactured
from sugarcane. In tobacco industry, tobacco leaves are
processed to manufacture cigarettes.
Q3. Which are forest-based industries?
Ans. Industries using wood for manufacturing of different
products belong to the group of forest-based industries.
Industries making paper, handicrafts and sports goods
fall into this classification. Paper industry is very
important as there is no substitute for it. We require
paper and board for books. The people of Pakistan have
great talent in making different handmade products.
Pakistan exports sports goods all over the world. Sports
goods of Pakistan are considered the best in the world.
Q4. Which are mineral-based industries?
Ans. Industries that manufacture products from minerals
fall into the category of mineral-based industries, for
example, cement, glass and steel industries. There are
24 cement plants here in Pakistan, built near areas
which are rich in limestone and gypsum. Both of these
minerals are used as raw material in the cement industry.
Glass factories are producing glass for buildings, kitchen
ware and for vehicles. Glass is also being used to make
furniture nowadays. For the manufacturing of glass,
silica and lime are required. Iron and steel industry is the
most important industry in the world. In Pakistan, there
is steel mill set up in Karachi with the help of Russia.
Q5. Which are pastoral industries?
Ans. Animals also provide raw material for many industries.
Such industries are classified as pastoral industries.
Leather and woolen industries are two such industries.
In Pakistan, leather is cheap and is of better quality than
Europe and America. Therefore, the leather products of
Pakistan hold a large portion of their market. In the hilly
and sandy areas of Pakistan, sheep and goats are reared.
Fleece is obtained from them. Different products are
made out of it such as shawls, sweaters and blankets.
B Which classification of industries do these products
belong?
Agro-based Mineral -based Agro-based
Forest-based Agro-based Mineral-based
Agro-based Forest-based Pastoral

C Tick the correct statements and cross the false
statements.
1. According to their size, industries are divided
into two types. ✓
2. According to the ownership, industries are

divided into four types. ×
3. In the public sector, industries are owned by the
foreigners. ×
4. In the private sector, people are owners of the
industries. ✓
5. In the joint sector, companies are owned by
both the government and the foreigners. ×
6. Industries are divided into four types, according
to the raw material. ✓
7. Industries making paper, handicrafts and sports
goods fall into forest-based industries. ✓
8. Animals also provide raw material for agro-
based industries. ×
9. Factories in Pakistan are producing 232 million
cigarettes annually. ×
10. Leather is cheaper and of better quality in
Pakistan as compare to the leather in Europe
and America. ✓
D Match each kind of industry with its relevant number.
Paper mills 94
Sugar mills 78
Ghee mills 166
Pharmaceutical mills 323
Cigarette factories 25
Board mills 36
Cement mills 24
E Complete the table.
Raw Material Finished Product
Herb medicine
Silica glass
Timber furniture
Tobacco cigarettes
Tea plant tea
Sugarcane sugar
Cotton clothes
Sunflower cooking oil
Wool shawls and sweaters
Animal skin jackets and shoes
Wood furniture, paper and sports goods
Limestone cement, glass
Wheat straw paper
Gypsum cement
Soda ash chemicals and glass
Rice straw paper
Iron cars, ships and buses
Corn cooking oil
—————
Chapter 7
The Cycling of Material

Q1. Write a note on the water cycle. Draw to explain.
Ans. In the process, called the water cycle, water moves
between the atmosphere and the earth. Heat from the sun
evaporates water from the oceans, from moist surfaces,
from the leaves of plants and from the bodies of other
organisms. As water vapour cools in the atmosphere, it
condenses and forms tiny droplets in clouds. When the
clouds meet cold air, the water returns to the earth again
in the form of precipitation – rain, sleet or snow.
Q2. Write a note on the carbon cycle.
Ans. Organisms are composed of molecules containing
carbon. Producers (plants) take in carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. When
consumers (animals) eat the producers (plants) they
get carbon. As the consumers (animals) break down
the food during respiration, the carbon is released back
into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis
organisms also release carbon dioxide during respiration.
Hence, carbon dioxide travels back and forth between
two different organisms of the same ecosystem. This
back and forth process of carbon dioxide is known as the
carbon cycle.
Q3. Write a note on the nitrogen cycle.
Ans. All organisms need nitrogen to build proteins. However,
the only organisms that can use nitrogen gas directly
from the atmosphere are a few species of bacteria. They
are known as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These bacteria use
sugars provided by the plants and in exchange produce
ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use. The
excess nitrogen fixed by the bacteria is released into
the soil. Plants that don’t have nitrogen-fixing bacteria
in their roots get nitrogen from the soil. Animals get
nitrogen by eating plants or other animals, both of
which are sources of usable nitrogen. Dead animals
release nitrogen back to the soil in the shape of ammonia
with the help of decomposers. After decomposers have
returned the nitrogen to the soil, other bacteria transform
it into nitrogen gas, which returns it to the atmosphere.
This movement of nitrogen back and forth between
atmosphere and living things is called the nitrogen cycle.
Q4. Explain the effect of humans on the carbon cycle.
Ans. Fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas are stored carbon.
When we burn fossil fuels, we release this carbon into
the atmosphere. It returns to the atmosphere as carbon
dioxide. The problem is that we are burning such large
quantities of fossil fuels that the concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing. Large amounts of
carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere. Heat from
the sun and the environment stays in the atmosphere
and increases the temperature of the area. This is called
global warming. Hence, humans are directly responsible
for the global warming.
Q5. Explain the closing of the nitrogen cycle.
Ans. Nitrogen is obtained from the atmosphere by plants.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria manufacture ammonia, a kind
of nitrogen, from nitrogen gas and release it into the soil.
Plant-eating animals obtain nitrogen from the leaves of
the plants. Animals, that don't eat plants have nitrogen
by eating plant-eating animals. Dead animals release
nitrogen back to the soil in the shape of ammonia with the
help of decomposers. If it weren’t for decomposers, much
of the nitrogen in the ecosystem would be locked away
in waste, corpse and castoff parts such as tree branches.
After the decomposers have returned the nitrogen to the
soil, other bacteria transform it into nitrogen gas, which
returns it to the atmosphere.
B Where do these factors belong? Tick the correct cycle.
1. Heat from the sun:
✓
water cycle carbon cycle nitrogen cycle
2. Condensation of vapour:
✓
3. Photosynthesis organisms:
✓
4. Underground water:
✓
5. Ammonia production:
✓
6. Global warming:
✓
7. Precipitation:
✓
8. Species of bacteria:
✓
9. Photosynthesis:
✓
10. Fossil fuels:
✓
11. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria:
✓
12. Decomposers:
✓
13. Animals eating other animals:
✓
C Identify and explain the process.
1. The nitrogen cycle:
Decomposers breaking
down wastes and dead
organisms, returning the
nitrogen they contain
to the soil in the form
of ammonia. After the
decomposers have returned
the nitrogen to the soil,
other bacteria transform it
into nitrogen gas.
2. The carbon cycle:
Producers (plants) take in
carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere during
photosynthesis. When
consumers (animals) eat the
producers (plants) they get
carbon.
3. The nitrogen cycle:
The only organisms that can
use nitrogen gas directly
from the atmosphere are a
few species of bacteria. They
are known as nitrogen-
fixing bacteria. Nitrogen-
fixing bacteria live within the roots of a few plants such
as beans, peas, clover and alder trees. These bacteria use
sugars provided by the plants and in exchange produce
ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use.
4. The water cycle:
Heat from the sun evaporates
water from the oceans, from
moist surfaces, from the
leaves of plants and from the
bodies of other organisms.
—————
Chapter 8
Atmosphere and Climatic Zones

of Pakistan
Q1. What is the atmosphere? What are its constituents?
Ans. The earth is enveloped by a vast ocean of air. This vast
ocean of air is called atmosphere. The atmosphere may
be divided into two main groups of constituents:
Permanent constituents
The permanent constituents of the atmosphere are
nitrogen 78%, oxygen 21%, argon 0.93%, carbon dioxide
0.03% and the remaining gases such as helium, hydrogen,
neon, etc. 0.04%.
Variable constituents
1. Solid: such as dust, salt and volcanic ash.
2. Liquid: mainly water in the form of water vapour.
3. Gaseous: all kinds of gases present. The proportions
of gases vary from place to place, as well as according
to the distance from the surface of the earth.
Q2. Write a note on troposphere.
Ans. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the
troposphere. It is the layer in which we live. The height
of the troposphere varies from the equator to the poles.
The height of this layer from the equator is about 17
kilometers. In areas north and south of the equator, it
is about 12 kilometers. At the poles, the height of the
troposphere is about 6 to 8 kilometers. The temperature
drops about 6.5 °C after every kilometer above the earth’s
surface in the troposphere.
Q3. Explain the function of the ozone layer. Where does it
lie in the atmosphere?
Ans. Ozone is found in the stratosphere. Ozone acts as a
shield for the earth’s surface. Ultraviolet rays of the sun
are harmful for the living things. Ozone layer blocks all
the ultraviolet rays of the sun from reaching the earth’s
surface. Therefore, it is very important for the living
things on the earth’s surface.
Q4. Explain two types of thermosphere.
Ans. Thermosphere is divided into two parts:
Ionosphere
It is the lower part of the thermosphere, which extends
from 80 kilometers to 550 kilometers from the surface
of the earth. The size of the ionosphere depends on the
amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Nitrogen
and oxygen particles get electrically charged due to
ultraviolet radiation. These electrically charged particles
are called ions. These ions block the AM radio waves
from going out in space and bounce them back towards
the earth. Thus, the ionosphere makes radio contact
possible over great distances.
Exosphere
The upper thermosphere is called exosphere. The
exosphere extends from 550 kilometers above the earth’s
surface to thousands of kilometers. It is in the exosphere
that artificial satellites orbit the earth.
Q5. Write a note on climate.
Ans. Climate is a generalization of the day-to-day weather
conditions over a longer period of time, usually thirty
years. The climate of an area is determined by a variety of
factors. These factors include temperature, rain, latitude,
wind patterns and ocean currents. Any change in these
factors results in a different climate.
Q6. Write the names of the climatic zones of Pakistan.
Write the salient features of each.
Ans. The climatic zones of Pakistan are:
Highland climate
The region includes the northern and northwestern
highlands. In this region, winters are long, cold and
snowy. Summers remains short and mild in the northern
region. In the northwestern region, however, summers
are dry and warm. Rainfall in the northern mountains is
high as compare to the northwestern mountains.
Lowland climate
The region includes the whole of the Indus plain. The
Indus plain has extreme climate with hot summers,
cool winters and summer rainfalls. The Thal Desert and
the lower Indus plains experience less rainfall and high
temperatures. The northern zone receives more rainfall
especially in the foothills as compare to that in the south.
Coastal climate
The region consists of land along the Arabian Sea from
the Indus Delta and the whole of the Makran Coast.
This region receives winds from the sea all the year
long. It, therefore, has warm summers and mild winters.
The Makran Coast receives rainfall in winter, whereas
Karachi and the eastern coast receive rainfall in the
monsoon season.
Arid climate
Southwestern Balochistan and the southeastern desert
are in the arid climate zone. It is extremely hot and dry.
Most of the rainfall in southwestern Balochistan takes
place in winter. In the southwestern region, the rainfall
is very little and only happens in the monsoon season.
Extreme heat, dryness and dust storms are the main
features of this climatic zone.
Q7. Write a note on the coastal climate of Pakistan.
Ans. The region consists of land along the Arabian Sea from
the Indus Delta and the whole of the Makran Coast. This
region receives winds from the sea all the year long. It,
therefore, has warm summers and mild winters. It is
because the water and land absorb and release heat from
the sun at different rates. The land heats up quickly as
compared to the water, whereas the water cools down
slowly as compared to the land. Because of this, in
winter, the temperature is mild as the winds flow from
the sea; the water is still warm due to the summer heat.
The Makran Coast receives rainfall in winter, whereas
Karachi and the eastern coast receive rainfall in the
monsoon season.
B Match the following.
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Argon 0.93%
Carbon dioxide 0.03%
Lowest layer of the atmosphere troposphere
Commercial planes fly in the stratosphere
Mesosphere extends from 50 km to 80 km
Temperature of the thermosphere 2000 °C
Highland climate climatic zone of
Pakistan
Arid climate zone southwestern
Balochistan
Fill
C in the blanks.
1. The earth is enveloped by a vast ocean of air.
2. The atmosphere is divided into four layers.
3. 90% of the water vapour exists in the troposphere.
4. At the poles, the height of the troposphere is between 6
to 8 kilometers.
5. Commercial planes fly in stratosphere.
6. The oxygen we breathe has two atoms.
7. Ultraviolet rays are harmful for the living things.
8. The mesosphere protects the earth from meteoroids.
9. The size of the ionosphere depends on the amount of
ultraviolet radiation.
10. Ions block the AM radio waves from going out in space.
11. The upper thermosphere is called exosphere.
12. The diversity of the landscape leads to a variety of

climates.
D Label the diagram. Also write the distance of layers of
the atmosphere from the surface of the earth.
DISTANCE
Layers From To
Troposphere 0 17km
Stratosphere 17km 50km
Mesosphere 50km 80km
Ionosphere 80km 550km
Exosphere 550km above

E Show the climatic zones of Pakistan on the map. Use
blue colour for highland climate, green for lowland
climate, yellow for coastal climate and red for arid
climate.
1. Highland Climate
2. Lowland Climate
3. Coastal Climate
4. Arid Climate
—————
Chapter 9
Landforms
Q1. What are landforms and how are they formed?
Ans. Landforms are single physical features in landscapes
that give the land its general shape and look. They give
each area of the earth its individual look. Landforms are
caused by two kinds of natural forces. One force is inside
the earth. The other forces are on the surface of the earth.
Q2. Write the names of the different kinds of mountains.
How are they formed?
Ans. There are four kinds of mountains.
Folded mountains
Folded mountains are formed when tectonic forces press
against the earth’s crust, pushing pieces of it into folds or
waves of mountains.
Fault-block mountains
Fault-block mountains are made when two plates slide
past each other and make breaks in the earth’s crust.
In some cases, under pressure on their way to become
folded mountains, the crust at the fault line lifts and
slowly tilts. This another way through which fault-block
mountains are formed.
Dome mountains
Dome mountains are made when the earth’s crust is
pushed up by one plate sliding under the another. In
other cases, the movement of the plates puts pressure on
the magma in the outer core. The magma pushes up the
rocks and forms dome.
Volcanic mountains
When one plate slides under another, the movement puts
pressure on the magma in the outer core, as a result it
pushes up the rocks. If there is a weak part in the mantle,
the pressure cracks the earth’s crust and comes to the
surface of the earth in form of lava and ash. Lava and ash
pile up in layers on the surface of the earth, forming a
volcanic mountain.
Q3. Explain the difference between folded and fault-block
mountains.
Ans. Folded mountains are formed when tectonic forces press
against the earth’s crust, pushing pieces of it into folds or
waves of mountains.
Fault-block mountains are made when two plates slide
past each other and make breaks in the earth’s crust.
In some cases, under pressure on their way to become
folded mountains, the crust at the fault line lifts and
slowly tilts. This another way through which fault-block
mountains are formed.
Q4. Explain the difference between dome and volcanic
mountains.
Ans. Dome mountains are made when the earth’s crust is
pushed up by one plate sliding under the another. In
other cases, the movement of the plates puts pressure on
the magma in the outer core. The magma pushes up the
rocks and forms dome.
When one plate slides under another, the movement puts
pressure on the magma in the outer core, as a result it
pushes up the rocks. If there is a weak part in the mantle,
the pressure cracks the earth’s crust and comes to the
surface of the earth in form of lava and ash. Lava and ash
pile up in layers on the surface of the earth, forming a
volcanic mountain.
Q5. Which are the forces on the earth’s surface that change
landforms?
Ans. While forces from inside the earth build up the face of
the earth, forces on the surface change that face. These
forces include weathering, erosion, mass movement and
deposition.
Q6. Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.
Also give an example for each.
Ans. The breakdown of rock and soil is called weathering.
Weathering takes a long time to take place. The main
agents of weathering are water, plants and animals. Plants
that have roots between cracks of rock grow, making the
cracks wider and eventually resulting in breaking the
rock.
Wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion.
Erosion can be quick or sudden. The agents of erosion
are moving water and wind. In dry areas, the wind
removes such loose material as soil, leaves and small
rocks from the land surface. As these materials change
places, the face of the surface of the earth also changes.
B Mention the kind of mountain that will form under
the given conditions.
1. When tectonic forces press against the earth’s surface.
(folded mountains)
2. When two plates slide pass each other and cause breaks
in the earth’s crust.
(fault-block mountains)
3. The crust at the fault line lifts and slowly tilts.
(fault-block mountains)
4. When the earth’s crust is pushed up by one plate sliding
under another.
(dome mountains)
5. Lava either flows out slowly or is blown out with an
explosive force.
(volcanic mountains)
1. There are two kinds of natural forces that create
landforms.
2. Moving and shifting of the earth’s crust is called tectonic
activity.
3. Many of the world’s largest mountain chains are made up
of folded mountains.
4. In many cases, fault-block mountains become site for
earthquakes.
5. Magma that has left the earth’s core is called lava.
6. The breakdown of rock and soil is called weathering.
7. The main agents of weathering are water, plants and
animals.
8. Wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion.
9. The agents of erosion are moving water and wind.
10. The natural motion of rock and soil down slope due to
gravity is called mass movement.
11. Setting down of rock and soil in a new area due to agents
of erosion is called deposition.
12. All volcanic material that reaches the surface emerges
through some sort of vent.
13. The hollowed-out area at the top of a volcano is called a
crater.
14. A crater more than 1.5 km in diameter is called a caldera.
15. Large pockets of magma form underground magma
chambers.
16. A long, nearly vertical crack in the crust through which
magma moves is called a pipe.
D Write the names of all the tectonic plates of the earth.
▶ Eurasian plate
▶ African plate
▶ Indian-Australian plate
▶ Pacific plate
▶ North American plate
▶ South American plate
▶ Antarctic plate
▶ Arabian plate
▶ Caribbean plate
▶ Scotia plate
▶ Cocos plate
▶ Philippine plate
—————
Chapter 10
Extinct Animals
A Answer the following questions.
Q1. Explain pre-historic extinction.
Ans. Pre-historic extinction data consists of animals whose
fossils are found under the ground. 1446 fossils of
prehistoric animals have been found. The causes of pre-
historic extinction are not known. Scientists believe that
a natural phenomenon on a global scale must have been
the reason, such as the falling of a large meteoroid.
Q2. What are the causes of modern-day extinction?
Ans. In modern times the extinction of species has been rapid.
Human development is considered the major cause of
extinction. For development and for a better life humans
have consumed natural resources at an alarming rate.
These natural resources consist of forests which are also
the habitat of these animals. Due to deforestation there
have been a lesser number of trees for the birds to make
nests and lay eggs. They don’t have trees to hide in and
protect themselves from predators.
Q3. Why was Hawai'i Mamo hunted?
Ans. The Hawaiian Mamo was one of the prettiest of all the
birds to be extinct. It became extinct due to loss of habitat
and over-collecting. The land that the Hawaiian Mamo
liked was cultivated for agriculture. The birds were a big
hit for the Europeans who liked to have them for their
collections.
Q4. How did the dodo become extinct?
Ans. The dodo was a flightless bird on the island of Mauritius.
It lived on fruit and nested on the ground. It was
entirely fearless of people, which combination with its
flightlessness, made it an easy prey. When humans first
arrived on Mauritius, they also brought with them other
animals that had not existed on the island before, like
dogs, pigs and cats. These animals destroyed the dodo’s
nests. Humans destroyed the forests, for cultivation,
where the birds made their homes.
Q5. Write a note on extinction. How can we help the
endangered species?
Ans. It is estimated that 99.9 % of all species that have lived
are now extinct. These animals are extinct because of
natural causes as well as the human factor. There are
thousands of species which are not known to us. Even
today, habitats around the world are being destroyed at
an alarming rate, putting many wildlife species in danger
of extinction. Here are few of the steps that can be taken
to protect endangered animals.
(a) Habitat preservation is one of the best way to help.
(b) Avoid any products that have been made from
threatened or endangered animals.
(c) Use environment friendly goods. Use non-toxic
cleaners that won’t pollute the streams, ponds and
lakes. These water bodies are source of water for
animals.
Tick (✓) the correct answer.
B
1.
Percentage of the species that have gone extinct:
✓
99.9 9.99 89.9 98.9
2.
Number of fossils of pre-historic animals found:
✓
1446 1664 1466 1646
3.
During the last 500 years, the number of species gone
extinct: ✓
940 840 740 860
4. Major cause of extinction:
earthquakes floods ✓
bird flu human development
5. The Roman catholic Bishop of Quebec ordered the
killing of the:
✓
passenger pigeon people killing the passenger pigeon
Hawaii kaka Hawaii Mamo
6. The Norfolk Island Kaka was a;
✓
pigeon parrot fox cat
7. The number of Hawaii mamos killed to make a single
cloak for the Hawaiian royalty:
✓
80,000 70,000 90,000 8,000
8. The meat of dodo had a: ✓
good taste sweet taste salty taste bad taste
9. The Falkland Islands Fox was also known as the:
✓
Warrah farrah marrah parrah
10. The red-tailed black shark is a specie of:
sea water cold water fresh✓water deep water
C Write down the other known names of the following
animals.
1. Mauritius Blue Pigeon Pigeon Hollandais
2. White-footed rabbit-rat Ghar-ruck
3. Red-tailed black shark Red tail shark
4. Falkland Islands Wolf Warrah
5. King Island Emu Black Emu
D Write down the different reasons for the extinction of
the animals given above.
1. Norfolk Island Kaka
The Norfolk Island Kaka is an extinct specie of a large
parrot with a prominent beak. It has been hunted for
food and trapped as a pet from the arrival of the first
settlers in 1788 AD onwards.
2. Huia
The Huia was a specie of New Zealand bird from the
north island of New Zealand. It became extinct in the
early 20th century, primarily as a result of over-hunting
and widespread habitat destruction.
3. Falkland Island Fox
The Falkland Islands Fox was also known as the Warrah
and as the Falkland Island Dog. The settlers regarded the
fox as a threat to their sheep and organized poisoning
and shooting on a massive scale. The absence of forests
added to the speedy success of the extermination.
4. Quagga
The Quagga is an extinct specie of the zebra. It was
hunted for its meat and fur. The last wild Quagga was
shot in late 1870 AD. The last specimen in captivity died
in 1883 AD.
E In the pictures given below, some actions are good
for animals and some are wrong. Tick (✓) the good
actions and cross (×) the wrong.
× ✓ ×
× × ✓
Chapter 11
Seven Wonders of the Modern World

Q1. How were the seven wonders of the modern world
selected?
Ans. In 2001 AD, a Swiss corporation decided to choose the
New Seven Wonders of the World. They had 200 existing
monuments to select from. Twenty-one finalists were
announced on January 1, 2006 AD. Egypt was not happy
with the fact that the only original wonder would have
to compete with the Statue of Liberty and Sydney Opera
House. To solve this, Giza was named an honorary
candidate. The results were announced on July 7, 2007
AD in a big ceremony in Lisbon, Portugal. The list was
as follows:
Great Wall of China
Petra
Christ, the Redeemer
Machu Picchu
Chichen Itza
Roman Colosseum
Taj Mahal
Great Pyramid of Giza (honorary candidate)
Q2. Write a short note on the Great Wall of China.
Ans. The Great Wall of China is a very old stone wall in China.
It was built to protect the empire of China from enemy
attacks. It is the longest structure humans have ever built,
stretching approximately 6700 kilometers long. The wall
begins at Shanhai Pass and ends in Lop Nur. Millions of
workers lost their lives from giant falling stones, disease,
animal attacks and hunger.
Q3. Write about rose-red city half as old as time.
Ans. Rose-red city half as old as time is another name for
Petra. Petra is an ancient city, located in the center of an
Arab kingdom. The valley is enclosed by sandstone cliffs
with shades of red, purple and pale yellow. Petra is a site
in the Jordan, lying on the slope of Mount Hor. It was
discovered in 1812 AD by a Swiss explorer.
Q4. Write the story of the construction of Christ, the
Redeemer.
Ans. A Catholic priest, Pedro Maria Boss, requested Princess
Isabel to build a large religious monument. Princess
Isabel did not think much of the idea and it was
completely dismissed. The second proposal for a large
landmark statue on the mountain was made in 1921
AD by the Catholic Circle of Rio. The group organized
an event called Monument Week to attract donations.
Construction took nine years, from 1922 AD to 1931
AD. The monument was opened on October 12, 1931
AD.
Q5. Who helped in discovering Machu Picchu? How can
you get there?
Ans. Machu Picchu was brought to worldwide attention in
1911 AD by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. He
was led up to Machu Picchu by a local 11 year old boy
named Pablito Alvarez. Tourists have to walk the Inca
trail (a track) to visit Machu Picchu. It is a two – to –
four day journey on foot from the Urubamba Valley up
through the Andes Mountain Range to the city. A no-fly
zone exists above the area.
Q6. What was the Roman Colosseum used for?
Ans. Spectacles were held in the Colosseum, such as mock sea
battles, animal hunts, executions and dramas. It has been
estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million
wild animals died in the Colosseum games. It was later
reused for housing, workshops, quarters for a religion
order and as a fortress.
Q7. Explain the construction process of Taj Mahal.
Ans. The construction process of Taj Mahal began around
1632 AD and was completed by 1653 AD. It is built in
a style that combine elements from Persian, Ottoman
Indian and Islamic style. The Taj Mahal was constructed
using materials from all over India and Asia. Over 1000
elephants were used to transport building materials
during the construction. The translucent white marble
was brought from Rajasthan, the jasper from Punjab, the
jade and crystal from China. A labour force of twenty
thousand workers was hired across northern India.
Sculptors from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and
Persia, inlayers from southern India, stonecutters from
Balochistan were also hired.
B Identify some of the famous places shown in the
pictures below.
Tiananmen Acropolis, Quaid-e-Azam

Square, China Greece Tomb, Pakistan
Mount Faisal Mosque, Sphinx, Egypt

Rushmore, U.S.A. Pakistan
Buckingham Sydney Opera Lahore Fort,

Palace, England House, Australia Pakistan
1. The Great Wall of China is a very old stone wall in China.
2. The most famous wall was built by the first emperor of
China, Qin Shi Huang.
3. Petra is located in the centre of an Arab kingdom.
4. Christ, the Redeemer is a statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil.
5. The group organized an event called monument weak to
attract donations.
6. Machu Picchu is a site located 8000 feet above sea level.
7. Bingham was led up to Machu Picchu by a local boy
named Pablito Alvarez.
8. The name ‘Chichen Itza’ means at the mouth of the well
of the Itza.
9. The Roman Colosseum was capable of seating around
80,000 spectators.
10. A labour force of twenty thousand workers was hired to
build Taj Mahal.
11. Chichen Itza is a large pre-Columbian site built by the
Mayan Civilization.
12. In 2001 AD, a Swiss corporation decided to choose the
new Seven Wonders of the World.
13. The Great Wall of China is 6700 kilometers long.
14. Petra is a site in Jordan, lying on the slope of Mount Hor.
15. The statue of Christ, the Redeemer is located at the peak
of Corcovado Mountain.
D Which place did you visited with your family on your
vacation? Write about your experiences.
Ans. One of our favourite family traditions is summer vacation.
Every summer without fail we go on vacation. This year
I and my family made plan to visit Naran, a famous hill
resort. When we left for Naran from Lahore in mid July,
it was 44°C in Lahore. Along the way our car passed
from beautiful mountain passes. The temperature got
pleasant when we reached the high altitude. By the time
we reached Naran, the temperature was below 20°C. At
night, to my big surprise, the temperature fell even below
0°C. It got extremely cold. I was astonished to see such
change in the climate of Lahore and Naran considering
it took us only 10 hours to get here. We sat around fire at
night and had long talks and laughs. We ordered tikkas
and kebabs. We saw local traditional dance performed by
the local men. In next couple of days we went for hiking,
horse riding and fishing in a near by lake. There were
light snowfalls during our stay in Naran. Experiencing
a snowfall in July was a new thing for us. Something I
thought will be very difficult to explain to my friends in
Lahore. Our trip lasted for nine days but we left Naran
with life time memories.
E Mark the location of the 7 wonders given in the chapter
on the map.
—————
Model Paper
1st Term (Paper 1)
Time Allowed: 2:00 Hours Total Marks: 50
All questions carry equal marks.
Q.1. Answer any four questions.
1. In what is gold and silver used?
2. Write a note on tropical grasslands.
3. Write a note on the African mountains.
4. Write a note on the plateaus in Pakistan.
5. What do you mean by Muslim world? Write the number
Q.2. Fill in the blanks.
1. As of 2006, the Arab World accounts for ______ of the
world's GDP.
2. Muslim countries produce ______ percent of the world's
oil and ______ percent of the natural gas.
3. Kazakhstan is an important producer of ______ in the
Muslim world.
4. Gold is used in ______ equipment.
sleep in ______.
Q.3. Multiple choice questions.
1. How many of the deserts in the world are in the Muslim
world?
i. half ii. three-quarters
iii. one-fourth iv. two-thirds
2. The Sahara Desert has a size of:
i. 8.6 million sq. km ii. 6.8 million sq.km,
iii. 7.8 million sq.km iv. 8.7 million sq.km
3. A part of the Dasht-e-lut (desert) also lies in:
i. Sindh ii. Balochistan
iii. Punjab iv. Kashmir
4. In Pakistan, the western parts are:
i. semi-desert ii. semi-tropical
iii. semi-arid iv. semi-rainforest
5. In Africa, grasslands are home to many animals like the:
i. lion ii. panda
iii. kangaroo iv. polar bear
Q.4. Colour the Muslim countries on the map.

Q.5. Show the location of the mountain ranges of the Muslim
world.

Model Paper
1st Term (Paper 2)
1. Explain the connection between the literacy rate and the
population of a country.
2. Explain the location of the six rivers of the Muslim world.
3. Write the location of the six deserts in the Muslim world.
4. Write a note on semi-deserts and scrublands.
5. Write a note on zinc, iron, copper and tin.
Q.2. Write the name of the major source of income of the
following countries:
Afghanistan _____________________________
Algeria _____________________________
UAE _____________________________
Bangladesh _____________________________
Indonesia _____________________________
Q.3. Show the location of the six rivers of the Muslim world.
Q.4. Circle the correct answer.
i. Farat ii. Karbala
iii. Shatul iv. Ararat
i. Iran ii. Afghanistan
iii. India iv. China
i. North America ii. North Africa
iii. North Asia iv. North Europe
4. The Dasht-e-lut is a vast desert which lies in:
i. Iran ii. Iraq
iii. Jordan iv. Saudi Arabia
5. The famous historic city of Susa was built on this plateau:
i. Anatolia ii. Iranian Plateau
iii. African Plateau iv. Sulaiman Mountain
Q.5. Complete the table with the missing information.
Names of Status Area Population Currency Language
Countries
Pakistan
Saudi
Arabia
Iran
Turkey
Egypt
Indonesia
Names of Status Area Population Currency Language
Countries
Malaysia
Bangla-
desh
Model Paper
1st Term (Paper 3)
1. Why do we wear woollen clothes in winter and cotton
sheets and gowns?
2. Explain the climate in the monsoon season during
summer and winter.
3. Name the mountains of South Asia. What is their
importance?
5. What kind of state is Pakistan? Write a note on that
particular kind.
1. Muslim countries produce ________ percent of the
world's cotton.
2. The place of origin of tea is ________.
3. Coffee was discovered in ________.
4. Cocoa is used to manufacture ________.
5. China and India are the largest growers of ________.
Q.3. Show the location of the six deserts in the Muslim
world.

Q.4. Show Match the following.

Afghanistan
Islamic states Iran
Saudi Arabia
Bangladesh
State religion-Islam Pakistan
Algeria
Somalia
Secular states Indonesia
Egypt
Turkey
No declaration Mali
United Arab Emirates
i. Iran ii. Iraq
Model Paper
1st Term (Paper 4)
1. Explain how the development of a country gets affected
by life expectancy.
2. What is the difference between a secular state and no
declaration state?
3. Write the names and locations of the six deserts of the
Muslim world.
4. Why is the Mediterranean climate favourable? What are
its benefits?
5. How was coffee and cocoa discovered? How are they
made?
Iran ____________________________
Iraq ____________________________
Egypt ____________________________
Kazakhstan ____________________________
Malaysia ____________________________
Q.3. Show the location of the mountain ranges of the Muslim
world.
Q.4. Tick (✓) the names of the Islamic countries.
☐ Morocco ☐ Togo
☐ Thailand ☐ Congo
☐ India ☐ Iran
☐ Brazil ☐ Japan
☐ Turkey ☐ Bahrain
☐ Brunei ☐ Sri Lanka
☐ Tunis ☐ Tanzania
☐ Zambia ☐ Saudi Arabia
☐ Pakistan ☐ Syria
☐ Greece ☐ Somalia
☐ Nepal ☐ Peru
☐ Chile ☐ Mali
☐ Chad ☐ Bolivia
☐ Mexico ☐ Yemen
☐ Hungry ☐ Sudan
☐ Angola ☐ Indonesia
1. Kyzyl Kum Desert lies in __________.
2. Tropical grasslands are found between the __________
and the tropical __________.
3. Tropical forests are being cut down for growing of
tropical __________.
4. The whole of Uzbekistan is temperate __________.
5. The Mediterranean climate forms a narrow belt around
the __________ Sea.
6. In the Muslim world Turkey, Syria and Lebanon are
natural temperate __________.
7. Monsoons are like land and sea __________ on a much
larger scale.
8. In the Muslim world only the sub-continent and South-
East Asia are affected by __________.
Model Paper
2nd Term (Paper 1)
1. Write a note on the water cycle. Draw to explain.
2. Explain classification of the industries according to
ownership.
3. Which are agro-based industries?
4. Write a note on tourism.
5. Which is the most visited place in the world? Write a
note on it.
Q.2. Where do these factors belong? Tick the correct cycle.
1. Global warming:
● water cycle ● carbon cycle ● nitrogen cycle
2. Precipitation:
4. Photosynthesis:
5. Fossil fuels:
Q.3. Complete the table:
Wood
Limestone
Wheat straw
Gypsum
Soda ash
Q.4. Tick the correct statements and cross the false
statements.
1. Tourism is travel for fun or for relaxing purposes. 
2. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts is a part of
The Walt Disney Enterprise. 
2200-2000 BC by the first Emperor of China. 
4. The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built beside
the Sosa River in Paris. 
Niagara Falls is the Maid of the Mist Boat Cruise. 
Q.5. Write the name of a fort/building in front of the
following given cities.
Hunza
Gilgit
Skardu
Peshawar
Islamabad
Rawalpindi
Taxila
Faisalabad
Lahore
Quetta Sahiwal
Bahawalpur
Sukkur
Kot Diji
Gwadar Hyderabad
Karachi

Model Paper
2nd Term (Paper 2)
2. Which are forest based industries?
3. Which are mineral-based industries?
4. Write a note on the carbon cycle.
5. Write a note on the nitrogen cycle.
1. Photosynthesis:
2. Fossil fuels:
4. Decomposers:
Q.3. Match each kind of industry with its relevant number.
Paper mills 166
Sugar mills 323
Ghee mills 94
Board mills 25
Cement mills 78
statements.
1. The Lahore Fort is locally referred to as Shahi Qila. 
2. The Badshahi Mosque was built in 1573 AD
by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. 
3. The Shalimar Garden is a Russian garden. 
4. Nur Jahan died in 1645 AD at the age of 68 years. 
near Bahawalnagar. 
Herb
Silica
Timber
Tobacco
Tea Plant
Sugarcane
Cotton
Sunflower
Wool
Animal Skin
Model Paper
2nd Term (Paper 3)
1. Write a note one the water cycle. Draw to explain.
2. Explain the effect of humans on the carbon cycle.
4. Which are pastoral industries?
5. Give a detailed view of the misuse of Badshahi Mosque.

Herb
Silica
Timber
Tobacco
Tea Plant
statements.
1. According to their size, industries are divided
into two types. 
2. According to the ownership, industries are
divided into four types. 
3. In the public sector, industries are owned
by the foreigners. 
4. In the private sector, people are owners
of the industries. 
5. In the joint sector, companies are owned by
both the government and the foreigners. 
Q.4. Identify some of the famous places shown in the
pictures below:

Q.5. Which place would you like to visit and why?
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Model Paper
2nd Term (Paper 4)
2. Write down the story behind Noor Mahal.
4. Which are pastoral industries?
5. Explain the closing of the nitrogen cycle.
3. Photosynthesis organisms:
Sugarcane
Cotton
Sunflower
Wool
Animal skin
72
statements.
1. Industries are divided into four types, according
to the raw material. 
2. Industries making paper, handicrafts and
sports goods fall into forest-based industries. 
3. Animals also provide raw material for
agro-based industries. 
4. Factories in Pakistan are producing 232 million
cigarettes annually. 
5. Leather is cheaper and of better quality in Pakistan
as compared to the leather in Europe andAmerica. 
Q.5. Identify some of the famous places shown in the
pictures below:

Model Paper
3rd Term (Paper 1)
1. How were the seven wonders of the modern world
selected?
2. Write a short note on the Great Wall of China.
3. Explain pre-historic extinction.
4. What are landforms and how are they formed?
5. Write a note on troposphere.
1. The Great Wall of China is a very old stone wall in
________ .
2. The most famous wall was built by the first Emperor of
China, ________.
3. Petra is located in the centre of an ________ kingdom.
4. Christ, the Redeemer is a statue of Jesus Christ in
________, Brazil.
5. The group organized an event called ________ to attract
donations.
Q.3. Tick the correct answer.
1. Percentage of the species that have gone extinct:
● 99.9 ● 9.99 ● 89.9 ● 98.9
2. Number of fossils of pre-historic animals found:
● 1446 ● 1664 ● 1466 ● 1646
3. During the last 500 years, the number of species gone
extinct:
● 940 ● 840 ● 740 ● 860
● earthquakes ● floods ● bird flu
● human development
5. The Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec ordered the
killing of the:
● passenger pigeon
● people killing the passenger pigeon
● Hawaii kaka ● Hawaii mamo
Q.4. Write the names of all the tectonic plates of the earth.
Tectonic plates of the earth
Q.5. Mention the kind of mountain that will form under

____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
under another.
____________________________________________
explosive force.
____________________________________________
Model Paper
3rd Term (Paper 2)
1. Write a note on climate.
2. Write a note on the coastal climate of Pakistan.
3. Explain the difference between weathering and erosion.
Also give an example for each.
4. What are the causes of modern-day extinction?
5. Explain the construction process of Taj Mahal.
1. There are _______ kinds of natural forces that create
landforms.
2. Moving and shifting of the earth's crust is called _______
activity.
3. Many of the world's largest mountain chains are made
up of _______ mountain.
4. In many cases, fault-block mountains become sites for
_______.
5. Magma that has left the earth's core is called _______.
6. The breakdown of rock and soil is called _______.
7. The main agents of weathering are _______, _______
and _______.
8. Wearing away of the earth's surface is called _______.
9. The agents of erosion are _______ and _______.
10. The natural motion of rock and soil down slope due to
gravity is called _______.
Q.3. Write down the other known names of the following
animals.
1. Mauritius Blue Pigeon

2. White-footed rabbit-rat
3. Red-tailed black shark
4. Falkland Islands Wolf
5. King Island Emu
Q.4. Label the diagram . Also write the distance of layers of

the atmosphere from the surface of the earth.


Q.5. Show the climatic zones of Pakistan on the map. Use
blue colour for highland climate, green for lowland
climate, yellow for coastal climate and red for arid
climate.
Hunza
Gilgit
Skardu
Peshawar
Islamabad
Rawalpindi
Taxila
Faisalabad
Lahore
Quetta Sahiwal
Bahawalpur
Sukkur
Kot Diji
Gwadar Hyderabad
Karachi

Model Paper
3rd Term (Paper 3)
1. Write the story of the construction of Christ, the
Redeemer.
2. What was the Roman Colosseum used for?
3. Write a note on extinction. How can we help the
endangered species?
4. Explain the difference between folded and fault-block
mountains.
5. What is the atmosphere? What are its constituents?
1. Machu Picchu is a site located _______ feet above sea
level.
named _______.
3. The name ''Chichen Itza'' means _______.
_______ spectators.
5. A labour force of _______ thousand workers was hired
to build Taj Mahal.
1. The Norfolk Island kaka was a:
● pigeon ● parrot ● fox ● cat
cloak for the hawaiian royalty:
● 80,000 ● 70,000 ● 90,000 ● 8,000
3. The meat of dodo had a:
● good taste ● sweet taste ● salty taste ● bad taste
4. The Falkland Island Fox was also known as the:
● warrah ● farrah ● marrah ● parrah
5. The red-tailed black shark is a species of:
● sea water ● cold water ● fresh water ● deep water
Q.4. Match the following:
Nitrogen 0.93%
Oxygen 200°C.
Argon 78%
Carbon dioxide 21%
Lowest layer of the stratosphere
atmosphere
Commercial planes fly in troposphere
the
Mesosphere extends from 50 km to 80 km
Temperature of the 0.03%
thermosphere
Highland climate southwestern Balochistan
Arid climate zone climatic zone of Pakistan
Q.5. Mention the kind of mountain that will form under the
given conditions.
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
under another.
____________________________________________
explosive force.
____________________________________________
Model Paper
3rd Term (Paper 4)
1. Explain two types of thermosphere.
2. Write the name of the climatic zones of Pakistan. Write
the salient features of each.
3. Which are the forces on the earth's surface that change
landforms?
4. Why was Hawaii Mamo hunted?
5. Who helped in discovering Machu Picchu? How can you
get there?
________ .
China, ________.
________, Brazil.
donations.
level.
named _______.
_______ spectators.
to build Taj Mahal.
Q.3. Write down the different reasons for the extinction of
the animals given below.
1. Maurtius Blue Pigeon 2. White-footed rabbit-rat
3. Red-tailed black shark 4. Falkland ISlands Wolf
5. King Island Emu
1. ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Q.4. Show the climate zones of Pakistan on the map. Use blue
colour for highland climate, green for lowland climate,
yellow for coastal climate and red for arid climate.
Hunza
Gilgit
Skardu
Peshawar
Islamabad
Rawalpindi
Taxila
Faisalabad
Lahore
Quetta Sahiwal
Bahawalpur
Sukkur
Kot Diji
Gwadar Hyderabad
Karachi


Model Paper
Final Term (Paper 1)
1. What do you mean by Muslim world? Write the number
4. Write a note on troposphere.
5. Write a note on extinction. How can we help the
endangered species?
1. As of 2006, the Arab World accounts for ________ of the
world’s GDP.
world’s oil and ________ percent of the natural gas.
3. Kazakhstan is an important producer of ________ in the
Muslim world.
4. Gold is used in ________ equipment.
sheep in ________.
world’s cotton.
7. The place of origin of tea is ________.
8. Coffee was discovered in ________.
9. Cocoa is used to manufacture ________.
10. China and India are the largest growers of ________.
Afghanistan ____________________________
Algeria ____________________________
UAE ____________________________
Bangladesh ____________________________
Indonesia ____________________________
statements.
Walt Disney Enterprise. 
2200-2000 BC by the first emperor of China. 
Sosa River in Paris. 
Qila. 
the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. 
Q.5. Mention the kind of mountain that will form under
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
under another.
____________________________________________
explosive force.
____________________________________________
Model Paper
1. Write a note on the African mountains.
2. Why do we wear wollen clothes in winter and cotton
sheets and gowns?
3. Which are the four main parts of the Lahore Fort? Write
about at least two.
4. What are landforms and how are they formed?
5. Write a short note on the Great Wall of China.
Herb
Silica
Timber
Tobacco
Tea Plant
Sugarcane
Cotton
Sunflower
Wool
Animal Skin
3. Photosynthesis of organisms:
6. Global warming:
7. Precipitation:
9. Photosynthesis:
10. Fossil fuels:
i. Iran ii. Iraq
1. Percentage of the species that have gone extinct:
● 99.9 ● 9.99 ● 89.9 ● 98.9
2. Number of fossils of pre-historic animals found:
● 1446 ● 1664 ● 1466 ● 1646
3. During the last 500 years, the number of species gone
extinct:
● 940 ● 840 ● 740 ● 860
● earthquakes ● floods ● bird flu
● human development
5. The Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec ordered the
killing of the:
● passenger pigeon
● people killing the passenger pigeon
● Hawaii kaka ● Hawaii mamo
6. The Norfolk Island kaka was a:
● pigeon ● parrot ● fox ● cat
cloak for the hawaiian royalty:
● 80,000 ● 70,000 ● 90,000 ● 8,000
8. The meat of dodo had a:
● good taste ● sweet taste ● salty taste ● bad taste
9. The Falkland Island Fox was also known as the:
● warrah ● farrah ● marrah ● parrah
10. The red-tailed black shark is a species of:
● sea water ● cold water ● fresh water ● deep water
Model Paper
1. Write a note on tropical grasslands.
2. In what is gold and silver used?
3. Write a note on the water cycle. Draw to explain.
4. Write a note on climate.
5. Explain pre-historic extinction.
________ .
China, ________.
________, Brazil.
donations.
level.
named _______.
_______ spectators.
to build Taj Mahal.
Iran ____________________________
Iraq ____________________________
Egypt ____________________________
Kazakhstan ____________________________
Malaysia ____________________________
Q.4. Match each kind of industry with its relevant number.
Paper mills 166

Sugar mills 323
Ghee mills 94
Board mills 25
Cement mills 78
statements.
Walt Disney Enterprise. 
2200-2000 BC by the first emperor of China. 
Sosa River in Paris. 

Qila. 
the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb. 
Model Paper
1. Explain the connection between the literacy rate and the
population of a country.
2. Write a note on African plateaus.
4. What is the atmosphere? What are its constituents?
5. What was the Roman Colosseum used for?
Sugarcane
Cotton
Sunflower
Wool
Animal Skin
Wood
Limestone
Wheat straw
Gypsum
Soda ash
3. Global warming:
4. Precipitation:
6. Photosynthesis:
7. Fossil fuels:
9. Decomposers:

Q.5. Colour the Muslim countries on the map.

Scheme of Study
34 weeks 5/6 days a week Three Terms
1st Term
WEEK UNIT # NAME of UNIT PAGE #
THE MUSLIM WORLD:
Introduction / Literacy Rate
Among Muslim Countries / Islamic
Ist 1 5 to 11
State / State Religion Islam /
Secular State / No Declaration /
Exercise / Activities
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE
MUSLIM WORLD: Mountains /
2nd 2 12 to 20
Deserts / Plateaus / Rivers /
Revision and Test of the above
3rd
topics (Units 1 & 2)
CLIMATE OF THE MUSLIM WORLD:

Deserts / Semi-deserts and
Scrublands / Tropical Grasslands /
4th 3 Tropical Forests / Temprate 21 to 28
Deserts Mediteranean Climate /
Temperate Grasslands /
Moonsoons / Exercise / Activities
RESOURCES OF THE MUSLIM

WORLD: Oil and Natural Gas /
Coal / Iron, Copper and Lead / Tin
/ Zinc / Rock Salt Gold and Silver /
5th 4 29 to 38
Agricultural Products of the
Muslim World / Wool / Cotton /
Tea / Coffee / Cocoa / Rice /
6th
7th Revision (Units 1 & 2) 5 to 20
9th Preparatory Tests's Week

1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 4)
10th
Mount Hill
6th Social Studies 6 98
Key Book

10th
ORAL(optional)
11th
WRITTEN
2nd Term
TOURISM: Disneyland / Great
Wall of China / Eiffel Tower /
12th 5 Niagra Falls / The Lahore Fort / 39 to 44
The Badshahi Mosque / Shalimar
Garden
Jahangir Tomb / Noor Jahan Tomb
/ Derawar Fort / Mohenjo-daro /
Harappa / Taxila / Noor Mahal /
13th " 45 to 53
Baltit Fort / Skardu Fort / Kot Diji
Fort / Rani Kot Fort / Exercise /
Activities

14th
topics (Unit 5)
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES:
Public Sector / Private Sector /
Joint Sector / Forest-based
15th 6 Industries / Mineral-based 54 to 66
Industries / Pastoral Industries /
Agro-based Industries/ Exercise /
Activities
THE CYCLING OF MATERIALS: The

Water Cycle / The Carbon Cycle /
How Humans are Affecting the
16th 7 67 to 76
Carbon Cycle / The Nitrogen Cycle
/ Closing the Nitrogen Cycle /
17th
18th Revision (Unit 5) 39 to 53
16th 7 67 to 76
Mount Hill Social Studies 99
6 / Activities
Exercise Key Book
17th

2nd Term Paper (Units 5 to 7)
21st
ORAL(optional)
22nd
WRITTEN
3rd Term
ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATIC
ZONES OF PAKISTAN: Permanent
Constituents / Variable
Constituents / Structure of the
Atmosphere / Troposphere to
23rd 8 77 to 87
Exosphere / Climate / Climatic
Zones of Pakistan / Highland
Climate / Lowland Climate /
Coastal Climate / Arid Climate /
LANDFORMS: Forces Inside the
Earth / Folded Mountains / Fault-
block Mountains / Dome
Mountains / Volcanic Mountains
24th 9 88 to 96
Forces on the Earth's Surface /
Weathering / Erosion / Mass
Movement / Deposition / Exercise
/ Activities
25th
MODERN-DAY EXTINCT ANIMALS:
Extinct Animals / Pre-historic
26th 10 Extinction / Modern-day 97 to 108
Extinction / Modern-day Extinct
Animals / Exercise / Activities
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE

MODERN WORLD: Great Wall of
China / Petra / Christ the
27th 11 109 to 120
Mount Hill Social Studies 100 / Activities
6 / Exercise
Animals Key Book

27th 11 109 to 120
Redeemer / Machu Picchu /
Chichen Itza / Roman Colosseum /
Taj Mahal / Exercise / Activities
28th
31st Preparatory Tests's Week
32nd Preparatory Leave's Week
3rd Term Paper (Units 1 to 11)
33rd
ORAL(optional)
34th
WRITTEN
Note: Teachers may synchronize this "Scheme of Study"

with our (Term Wise) "Model Papers", according to
their specific needs.
Scheme of Study
40 weeks 5/6 days a week Four Terms
1st Term
THE MUSLIM WORLD:

Introduction / Literacy Rate
Among Muslim Countries / Islamic
Ist 1 5 to 11
State / State Religion Islam /
Secular State / No Declaration /
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE

MUSLIM WORLD: Mountains /
2nd 2 12 to 20
Deserts / Plateaus / Rivers /
3rd
CLIMATE OF THE MUSLIM WORLD:

Deserts / Semi-deserts and
Scrublands / Tropical Grasslands /
4th 3 Tropical Forests / Temprate 21 to 28
Deserts Mediteranean Climate /
Temperate Grasslands /
Moonsoons / Exercise / Activities
RESOURCES OF THE MUSLIM

WORLD: Oil and Natural Gas /
Coal / Iron, Copper and Lead / Tin
/ Zinc / Rock Salt Gold and Silver /
5th 4 29 to 38
Agricultural Products of the
6th

9th
ORAL(optional)
topics (Units 3102
Mount Hill
6th Social Studies 6
& 4)
Key Book


9th
ORAL(optional)

10th WRITTEN
2nd Term
TOURISM: Disneyland / Great
Wall of China / Eiffel Tower /
11TH 5 Niagra Falls / The Lahore Fort / 39 to 44
The Badshahi Mosque / Shalimar
Garden
Jahangir Tomb / Noor Jahan Tomb
/ Derawar Fort / Mohenjo-daro /
Harappa / Taxila / Noor Mahal /
12th " 45 to 53
Baltit Fort / Skardu Fort / Kot Diji
Fort / Rani Kot Fort / Exercise /
Activities

13th
topics (Unit 5)
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES:
Public Sector / Private Sector /
Joint Sector / Forest-based
14th 6 Industries / Mineral-based 54 to 66
Industries / Pastoral Industries /
Agro-based Industries/ Exercise /
Activities
THE CYCLING OF MATERIALS: The

15th 7 67 to 76

16th
15th 7 67 to 76
Mount Hill Social Studies 103
6 / Activities
Exercise Key Book

16th
19th
ORAL(optional)
20th
WRITTEN
3rd Term
ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATIC
ZONES OF PAKISTAN: Permanent
Constituents / Variable
Constituents / Structure of the
Atmosphere / Troposphere to
21st 8 77 to 87
Exosphere / Climate / Climatic
Zones of Pakistan / Highland
Climate / Lowland Climate /
Coastal Climate / Arid Climate /
LANDFORMS: Forces Inside the
Earth / Folded Mountains / Fault-
block Mountains / Dome
Mountains / Volcanic Mountains
22nd 9 88 to 96
Forces on the Earth's Surface /
Weathering / Erosion / Mass
Movement / Deposition / Exercise
/ Activities
23rd
Animals / Exercise / Activities

25th 11 109 to 120
Mount Hill Social Studies 104 / Activities
6 / Exercise
Animals Key Book

25th 11 109 to 120
26th
29th
ORAL(optional)
30th
WRITTEN
4th Term
1st & 2nd

31st TERM UNITS 1 to 4 5 to 38
(REVISION)
32nd " UNITS 5 & 7 39 to 76

Preparatory Tests' Week (1st &
33rd 2nd Term)
3rd TERM
34th (REVISION)
UNITS 8 & 9 77 to 96
35th " UNITS 10 & 11 97 to 120

Preparatory Tests' Week (3rd
36th Term)
37th Preparatory Leaves' Week
4th Term Paper (Units 1 to 11)
38th ORAL(optional)
4th Term Paper (Units 1 to 11)
39th
WRITTEN
40th "
Note: Teachers may synchronize this "Scheme of Study"

with our (Term Wise) "Model Papers", according to
their specific needs.

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Mount Hill Social Studies 6 2 Key Book

The Muslim World

E Tick (✓)the names of the Islamic countries.

Physical Features of the

E Show the location of the mountains ranges of the

Climate of the Muslim World

Resources of the Muslim World

Country Major Sources of Income

Masjid-al-Haram Faisal Mosque

Golden Gate Bridge Taj Mahal

Badshahi Mosque Pyramid of Giza

Eiffel Tower White House

Walt Disney Resort

Bala Hisar Fort Peshawar

Clock Tower Faisalabad

Gwadar Hyderabad Rani Kot Fort

Agro-based Mineral -based Agro-based

Forest-based Agro-based Mineral-based

Agro-based Forest-based Pastoral

2. According to the ownership, industries are

The Cycling of Material

Atmosphere and Climatic Zones

Stratosphere 17km 50km

Mesosphere 50km 80km

Ionosphere 80km 550km

Exosphere 550km above

Seven Wonders of the Modern World

Tiananmen Acropolis, Quaid-e-Azam

Mount Faisal Mosque, Sphinx, Egypt

Buckingham Sydney Opera Lahore Fort,

Raw Material Finished Product

Q.5. Mention the kind of mountain that will form under

1. Mauritius Blue Pigeon

Q.4. Label the diagram . Also write the distance of layers of

Tectonic plates of the earth

Paper mills 166

6. The Lahore Fort is locally referred to as Shahi

Tectonic plates of the earth

CLIMATE OF THE MUSLIM WORLD:

RESOURCES OF THE MUSLIM

8th Revision (Units 3 & 4) 21 to 38

9th Preparatory Tests's Week

7th Revision (Units 1 & 2) 5 to 20

8th Revision (Units 3 & 4) 21 to 38

9th Preparatory Tests's Week

Revision and Test of the above

THE CYCLING OF MATERIALS: The

19th Revision (Units 6 & 7) 54 to 76

20th Preparatory Tests's Week

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE

SEVEN WONDERS OF THE

Note: Teachers may synchronize this "Scheme of Study"

THE MUSLIM WORLD:

PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE

CLIMATE OF THE MUSLIM WORLD:

RESOURCES OF THE MUSLIM

1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 4)

7th Revision (Units 1 & 2) 5 to 20

1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 4)

1st Term Paper (Units 1 to 4)

Revision and Test of the above

THE CYCLING OF MATERIALS: The

Revision and Test of the above