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3591 - Marine Piping Systems - PIPES CLASS - THICKNESS
3591 - Marine Piping Systems - PIPES CLASS - THICKNESS
1
DOCUMENTS FOR CLASS APPROVAL
1. Engine room arrangement plan
Sanitary / sewage discharge piping
Equipment for the treatment and
2. Diagrammatic plans (incl. detail storage of bilge and oil residues
necessary e.g. list of valves,
fittings, and pumps) of: 3.Remotely controlled valves
Steam lines & Condensate system Diagrammatic piping plans and
Boiler feed water system diagrammatic plans of location of piping
Thermal Oil system and control stand in the ship
FO system (Bunkering, Transfer, and Diagrammatic plans and Electrical
Supply lines) Circuit Diagrams of the Control Station
and Power Units, Drawings of as well
Cooling system (SW and FW) as the remotely controlled valves,
LO system control stands, and the corresponding
Starting & compressed air system pressure accumulator
Exhaust gas system
Bilge system & Ballast system
Air, overflow, and sounding pipes
4.For steam lines with working
including detail of filling pipe cross temperatures > 400 C:
section The Calculation of Corresponding
Domestic water supply (SW and FW Stress
system incl Drinking water ) Isometric Data
CLASSIFICATION
OF PIPES
References:
1. Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia / Germanische
Lloyd
2. American Bureau of Shipping
3. Piping Hand book
2
PIPING SYSTEM: GENERAL DEFINITION
1. Source: source where the fluid
from. i.e.: Tanks & Sea Chest
(4) Regulator 2. Transporter: a means to
transport fluids i.e.: Pipes
(2) Transporter
3. Power Supply: power to make
(5) Sink
fluids flow i.e.: Pumps (liquid) &
Compressor (gas)
(3) Power Supply 4. Regulator: components to
regulate flow (pressure, flowrate,
(1) Source direction, temperature, etc) i.e.:
fittings, ellbow, valves, heater,
cooler, etc.
5. Sink: destination where the fluid
is transfered. i.e.: tanks,
overboard, etc
PIPE SPECIFICATION
1. DIAMETER
• Related to the flowrate
• Q = A * v = [ π (D˄2) /4 ] * [velocity of flow]
• Q by Design, or by Rules or standard, or by Project Guide or Manufacturer’s
recommendation.
• Velocity by rules or standard, or by recommendation
2. MATERIAL
• strength (due to pressure or temperature)
• property of fluid (corrosive, toxic, flammable, etc)
• Class recommendation
3. THICKNESS
• Strength (Pressure or Temperature)
• Usually expressed as “Schedule Number”
3
PIPE SIZE (1)
• Initially a system known as Iron Pipe Size (IPS) was established
to designate the pipe size. The size represented the
approximate inside diameter of the pipe in inches.
• To begin, each pipe size was produced to have one thickness,
which later was termed as standard (STD) or standard weight
(STD.WT.).
• As the industrial requirements demanded the handling of
higher-pressure fluids, pipes were produced having thicker
walls, which came to be known as:
• extra strong (XS) or extra heavy (XH), and
• double extra strong (XXS) or double extra heavy (XXH) walls
while the standardized outside diameters are unchanged.
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PIPE SIZE (3)
• Diameter nominal (DN) is also a dimensionless designator of pipe size in the metric unit
system, developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO). It indicates standard
pipe size when followed by the specific size designation number without a millimeter
symbol. For example, DN 50 is the equivalent designation of NPS 2.
THICKNESS OF PIPE
• A schedule number indicates the approximate value of the expression 1000
P/S, where P is the service pressure and S is the allowable stress, both
expressed in pounds per square inch (psi).
• Schedule is expressed in numbers (5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 20S, 30, 40, 40S, 60,
80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160).
• The higher the schedule number, the thicker the pipe is. The outside
diameter of each pipe size is standardized. Therefore, a particular nominal
pipe size will have a different inside diameter depending upon the schedule
number specified.
• Note that the original pipe wall thickness designations of STD, XS, and XXS
have been retained; however, they correspond to a certain schedule
number depending upon the nominal pipe size. The nominal wall thickness
of NPS 10 and smaller schedule 40 pipe is as same as that of STD.WT. pipe.
Also, NPS 8 and smaller schedule 80 pipe has the same wall thickness as XS
pipe.
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TYPE OF PIPES ON SHIPS
Regarding type of seamings:
• Seamless pipe small diameter (< 8”), high press
• Seam-weld pipe large diameter
Regarding type of materials: Cast-Steel
• Metal Steel
Ferous
• Non metal Cast-Iron
Non-Ferous
Al
PVC Composite
Pipe Thickness: schedule no. depends upon Cu working pressure
and temperature of the system
Pipe Materials: see Classification Rules for approved materials
SEAMLESS PIPES
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7
Application of Steel as approved material
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Application of Non-ferrous & Non-metallic materials
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CLASSES OF PIPING SYSTEMS ref. to ABS
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APPROVED MATERIALS AND TYPES OF CERTIFICATE
2. Design approval
• the piping components are to meet applicable recognized
standard, or are to be design-approved by the Bureau.
• For the latter purpose, pipe fittings and valves are to be
evaluated for their adequacy for the rated pressures and
temperatures,
• and, as applicable, type inspection and testing are to be
conducted as part of the design evaluation process.
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CERTIFICATION OF PIPING COMPONENTS
3. Manufacturer certification
• the manufacturer is to certify that the piping component complies with the
standard to which the component is designed, fabricated and tested, and to
report the results of tests so conducted.
• For Class III components, manufacturer’s trademark, pressure/temperature
rating and material identification, as applicable, stamped or cast on the
component and verifiable against the manufacturer’s catalog or similar
documentation will suffice.
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CALCULATION
OF THE REQUIRED
PIPE THICKNESS
Ref:
1. BKI vol III: Rules for Machinery Installations, 1996
2. Lloyd’s Register of Shipping: Rules and Regulations for
the Classification of Ships’
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PARAMETERS OF
PIPE THICKNESS
• Material of the pipe
• Working Pressure & Temperature
• Allowance for Corrosion
• Allowance for Manufacturing Tolerance
• Allowance for Bending (for pipes bend)
S = So + c + t + b
S = Minimum required thickness [mm]
So = calculated thickness [mm]
c = allowance for corrosion [mm]
t = allowance for manufacturing tolerance [mm]
b = allowance for bending [mm]
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CALCULATED THICKNESS
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CORROSION ALLOWANCE
(for carbon steel pipes)
MANUFACTURE ALLOWANCE
t = [a / (100-a)] . So ….[mm]
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BENDING ALLOWANCE
Bending process causes ‘reduced-thickness’ at the outside radius of the
pipe bend.
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STEEL PIPE THICKNESS (table 11.4 BKI)
Living Quarter
Weather Deck
F.W. DrinkTk
Pump Room
Cargo holds
Ballast Tank
Void spaces
location
Cargo Tank
F.O. Tank
L.O. Tank
vs
system
E/R
Bilge M D M X @
Ballast M D X @ M
M X
Seawater D X M
F.O. D N X
X
L.O. M @ X X N @
N
Steam M M M @ N M
N
FW Feed wtr X X
M X X
FW Drinking X N N X X
FW Cooling D D X X
X = pipes are NOT to be installed @ = need class approvals
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19
20
Engine Cooling pipe
made of galvanized
steel
FO pipes made of
non galvanized cast
iron
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