FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

Prepared by Hari prastowo

Dept of Marine Engineering ITS
TEORI API
FIRE TYPES ACC TO MATERIALS
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
FIRE FIGHTING (FIFI) SYSTEMS onboard
1. Fire Main System:
 Sea-water hydrants (all vessels)
 Emergency Fire Pumps
2. Local Fire Fighting
a. Portable Fire Extinguishing:
 Provided at all spaces onboard
 CO2, Foam, Powder / Dry Foam
b. Local Fixed Fire Fighting:
shall be installed at fire-risking spaces (i.e. E/R, ECR,
Pump Room for Tankers, Boiler Room, Paint Store,
Separator Room, Deck of cargo oil tankers, etc)
 Sprinkles (accommodation)
 Foam (ER, Separator, Boiler room, deck cargo oil)  Oil
 CO2 (ER)  electrical
 High Pressure Water-mist (ER, Separator, ME, AE)
 FiFi SYSTEMS

FIRE-MAIN LOCAL FiFi

System System

SW Fire FIXED PORTABLE

Main pumps Local FiFi Local FiFi

SW Fire CO2 CO2

Hydrants Syst bottles

Foam Dry Foam

Emergency
Syst bottles
Fire pump

Watermist Powder
Intl Shore syst bottles
Connection
Sprinkle
syst
X = min 2 units or each 10 m walking distance
Ref: ABS rules 2005
y = sufficient number to enable foam to be directed to each firing equipment
 FIXED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS (ref: BKI table 12.1)
SPACES AND AREAS TO BE
PROTECTED
Eng room Spaces of oil-fired boilers, oil
fired plants, FO preparation systems
Spaces for Internal Comb Eng–not used
for propulsion
Unattended Mach Spaces containing
Steam Engines
Equipments with high risk in Machinery-
Spaces (e.g. FO separators, Boilers,
Oil systems with press > 15 bar)
Exhaust gas fired thermal oil heaters
Paint store & other flammable liquid store
Galley, Exhaust duct
Scavenge trunks of 2-stroke engines
CARGO SHIPS > 500 BRT or
ALL PASSENGER SHIPS
CO2 or Foam or Pressure Water-mist
> 375 kW
CO2 or Foam or Pressure Water-mist
> 375 kW
CO2 or Foam or Pressure Water-mist
Additional Local fire extinguishing units
Pressure water-mist system
CO2 or Dry Powder or Pressure Water-mist
CO2 or other equivalent extinguishing
systems
CO2 or other equivalent extinguishing
systems
 FIRE MAIN SYST Components
1. Sea chest (inlet)
2. Fire main Lines
3. Fire Main Pump
4. Branch Pipes
5. Hydrants, incl Fire Hose & Fire Nozzle
(located on E/R, Main Deck, and
Acc’mdtn Decks)
6. Lines to Shore Connection
7. Lines to Emergency Fire Pumps
 FIRE MAIN PIPES
• Material: Steel Galvanized Pipe (STGP) referring to BKI
vol V (rules for material) sect 4. (or other Classification
Society with related section)
• Pipe thickness: category M (sch no. 80), or D (sch. No.
120) if passing through cargo hold or f.o tank (table
11.5 BKI vol III sect 11, s.w. lines).
• Pipe joints: butt-weld or flanges (table 11.11 and 11.12
BKI vol III sect 11).
• Lay-out of pipes:
– Main Pipes: from sea-chest to deck
– Branch Pipes: @ hydrants on deck and accommodation
• Provided with Int’l Shore Connection (for shore-supply)
with dimension referred to Class standard
• Provided with Lines to Emergency Fire Pumps with a
stop valve in between fire-main and emergency
 DIMENSION OF FIRE MAIN PIPE
Ref to class-rules:
• Din = 0,8 DH
– DH = Size of Bilge pipe
– DH min = 50 mm
– DH max = 130 mm (cargo) 175 mm (pass’gr)
• Thickness of pipe :
– Category M (4,0 ~ 5,0 mm w.r.t. Dout)
– Category D (6,3 ~ 8,8 mm w.r.t. Dout)
 FIRE-MAIN PUMPS
TYPE OF VESSEL CARGO VESSEL
No of pumps 2 units (>500 GRT) 1 unit (< 500 GRT)
Q of each pump 3,8 * 10-3 d2H [m3/hr]
•
minimum 25 m3/hr
•
For 2 pumps with different Q, one of them min 80%
Q
Type of Pumps •
Centrifugal, electrically driven, self priming
•
Bilge, Ballast, GS, or Sanitary pumps may be used,
provided that they never used in pumping oily water

Location E/R space (recommended on tank top)

Head of pump Able to supply pressure of: (measured on 2 nozzles
discharging simultaneously)
•
0,25 N/mm2 (<6000 GRT)
•
0,27 N/mm2 (>6000 GRT)
 FIRE-MAIN PUMP (hydrant)
• Suction: di s/c, Disch: di nozel
• Tot Head = Hz + Hp + Hv + tot H_loss
– Hz = elevation of hydrant (up-most deck)
– Hp = Pnozzle/ρg  Pnozzle is refering to Class
– Hv = (V2nozzle– V2s/c)/2g
– Tot H_loss = Total Head-loss, calculated at
longest line.
• Check:
NPSH system = (Hzpump-T)+Hloss (s/c to pump)
NPSH system < NPSH spec ?
FIRE HYDRANTS
Location: s.w. discharged from 2 hoses/nozzles shall reach:
 Each part of crew access (gangway or accomm’tn deck)
 Each part of cargo spaces and ro-ro spaces.
 ER spaces (each 10m walk-way)
 Easily accessible and close to personnel's access
 Not possibly covered by any cargo for deck-cargo vessels
 Each hydrant shall be fitted with valves
FIRE HOSE
 Length: max 20m (on decks) and max 15m (in E/R).
 Vessels with GRT >1000 : 1 hose @ 30m (complete with
coupling & nozzle). Or at least 5 units.
 Location: Closest possible to hydrant
FIRE NOZZLE
 Approved dimension: 12mm (for accommodation space) ,
16mm or 19 mm (for E/R space)
 EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP
 As an alternative fire fighting in the event of fire in the
compartment at which all Fire main pumps cannot be operated.
 Location: outside of E/R (fo’cle or S/G room or decks)
 Fixed independently-driven centrifugal pump.
 Able to supply 2 nozzle with Q > 40% (or min 25 m3/hr). With the
same pressure to that of Fire-main pumps.
 Independent driver (diesel or other/ emergency gen-set) to be
ready to start anytime.
 Shall be Capable for 3 hrs continuous operation, and provided
with external FO lines for supplying FO for the next 15 hrs.
 Connected to Fire-main lines and to be provided with stop v/v.
 Suction head of pump shall be able to supply seawater at any
condition of the vessel.
PID Fire & deck wash diagram
PID Bilge, Ballast & Fire-main diagram of a tanker
 LOCAL FIRE FIGHTING
A. FIXED LOCAL FIRE FIGHTING
For Compartments having high risk of fire (e.g: Eng Room, Eng
Control Room, Pump Room of Tankers, Boiler Room, Purifier
Room, Emergcy Genset Room, Paint Store, etc as per Class
recommendation)
1. Sprinkles (accommodation)
2. Foam Extinguisher  (ER, Separator, Boiler room)
3. CO2 Fifi  (ER, fire risking spaces)
4. High Pressure Water-mist  (ER, Separator, ME, AE)

B. PORTABLE LOCAL FIRE EXTINGUISERS:

• CO2, Foam, Powder / Dry Foam
 SPRINKLE SYSTEM
HYDROPHORE PUMP
 Q > 1400 lt/mnt, P pump > P hydrophore (>1,75 bar)
 Automatically starts on press drop occurs in hydrophore
 Provided with direct sea-suction
SW HYDROPHORE
 SW from sw hydrophore-pump is contained and pressurized
in a SW Hydrophores.
 Pressure: > 1,75 bar w.r.t. to height of accommodation deck
 Volume: > 2 x Q pump/mnt
 On stand by: shall be able to fill in with freshwater
SPRINKLES
 Q = 5 lt per m2 covered space (max covered space: 280 m 2)
 Shall be grouped (each group < 200 sprinkles)
 Material: corrosion-resistant (galvanized steel not allowed)
 Sprinkle Pump
• Suction: s/c, Disch: hydrophore
• Q > 1400 lt/mnt
• Tot Head = Hz + Hp + Hv + tot H-loss
– Hz = elevation hydrophore to s/c
– Hp = Phydrophore /ρg
– Hv = (V2hydrophore– V2s/c)/2g ~ 0
– Tot H-loss = Total head loss
• Check: NPSH system
= (Hzpompa-T)+Hloss (suction side)
NPSH system < NPSH spec ?
Ref: Ship manual MV Labobar
CO2 SYSTEM (1)
CO2 BOTTLES
• To contain CO2 in several bottles (no of bottles ref to vol of compartment
and subject to Class approval).
• Shall be stored in CO2 room located outside of ER
• Connected to lines for supplying CO2 in E/R.
CO2 ROOM
• To store CO2 bottles
• Shall be located outside ER (on deck or SG room)
• Provided with fan for room ventilation.
CO2 LINES
• Connecting CO2 bottles (outside ER to CO nozzles inside ER)
• CO2 Nozzles are located above of Possibly Firing Equipments in ER
(M/E, A/E, Boiler, FO Separators, etc)
• Equipped with CO2 valves which shall be remotely operated.
• Working pressure > 10 bar
 CO2 SYSTEM (2)
CO2 ALARM
• Alarm for E/R crew to leave E/R in the event of CO2 is
going to be discharged.
• The alarm shall be switchable at outside of ER and to be
switched on prior to releasing CO2 into ER (as the
warning for ER personels to evacuate out of ER)
• Audible from any part in ER, and shall sound different
with other alarm incl. fire alarm.

CO2 VALVES
• To discharge CO2 in ER in the event of fire.
• CO2 release valves to be located at access way to ER,
or other accessible space for ER crew.
• Shall be remotely operated (using wire-mechanism or
pneumatic or other means of remote-actuators)
 FIXED FOAM EXTINGUISHER SYST
Components involved:
1. Dry Foam Tank.
 To store dry foam material
 Shall be located outside E/R
space
 Lines
Spec of dry foam material
refers to IMO
2. Mixing Tank / Foam Generator

To mix dry foam and SW for
foam expansion
 Located > 450mm from
Protected Area (E/R)
 Vol of foam (expanded) shall be
cover the largest protected
space with 1m depth per mnt
(high expansion foam) or
150mm (low expansion foam)
3. Foam lines
 Foam lines are connected to
Fire Main lines
 Eductor to be provided for
discharging foam in Fire Main
 Spec of pipe of Fire Main
Lines applies
4. SW pump (using GS & Fire
main pump)
 GS & Fire pump are used in
discharging Foam
 Spec of pump as applied on
GS & Fire main pump.
5. Foam Gun (=Fire Monitor)
 Hydrants & Nozzles as on
Fire main lines
 Size of Nozzles used is max
19 mm
 WATER-MIST FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYST
• An alternative fixed fire extinguishing instead of
CO2 and Foam
• A high pressure (abt 20 – 30 bar) water-mist to be
sprayed (atomized) to cover firing equipment in ER
• Pumps and control valves shall be located outside
Machinery Space
• Components:
– FW tank or SW from s/c
– FW lines or SW lines onto high press Water-mist pump
– Remotely operated valves one of each leading to
potentially firing equipments (ME, AE, FO purifiers,
Incinerators, Boilers, etc).
– Control Panel in Eng Control Room (ECR)
Any questions ????