Computer

Habtamu Asefa
Class-11M
No-11
 Introduction
Definition:
➢ A computer is an electronic device that processes data
using hardware and software.
➢ It performs tasks quickly, accurately, and reliably.
➢ Computers accept input, store and manipulate data, and
produce output based on instructions or programs.
 Hardware Components
➢ Central Processing Unit (CPU): Performs calculations,
executes instructions, and manages data flow.
➢ Memory: RAM temporarily stores data and instructions
for fast access. ROM contains permanent instructions.
➢ Storage Devices: HDDs, SSDs, USB flash drives, memory
cards, and optical discs.
➢ Input Devices: Keyboards, mice, touchscreens, scanners,
and microphones.
➢ Output Devices: Monitors, printers, speakers, and
projectors.
➢ Motherboard: Main circuit board that connects hardware
components.
 Software Components

➢ Operating System (OS): Manages computer resources,

provides a user-friendly interface, and enables software-
hardware communication.
➢ Applications: Software programs for specific tasks (word
processors, spreadsheets, web browsers, etc.).
Data Representation and Processing:

➢ Binary System: Computers use 0s and 1s to represent

and process data.
➢ Bytes and Bits: Bytes are units of data storage, consisting
of eight bits.
➢ Data Processing: Computers perform calculations and
logical operations using circuits within the CPU.
Networking and Communication:

➢ Networks: Interconnected computers sharing data and

resources.
➢ LANs: Connect computers within a limited area.
➢ WANs: Connect computers over larger distances.
➢ Internet: Global network of interconnected networks
enabling communication, data exchange, and access to
information.
Conclusion
➢ A computer is an electronic device that processes data
using a combination of hardware and software.
➢ Hardware components include the Central Processing
Unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices,
output devices, and the motherboard.
➢ Software components include the Operating System (OS)
and applications.
➢ Computers can be interconnected to form networks,
allowing data sharing, resource sharing, and
communication.