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Chapter 09
Skeletal System: Articulations
9-1
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
1.
2.
A. immobile.
B. freely mobile.
C. fused.
D. slightly mobile.
E. dislocated.
9-2
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
4.
9-3
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
5.
A. cartilaginous joint.
B. fibrous joint.
C. synovial joint.
D. synchondrosis.
E. amphiarthrosis.
6.
9-4
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
7.
A. fibrous joints.
B. fibrous joints and cartilaginous joints.
C. synovial joints.
D. fibrous joints and synovial joints.
E. all joints.
9-5
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
9.
Gomphoses
9-6
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
13.
A. cartilagenous joint.
B. diarthrosis.
C. synarthrosis.
D. synovial joint.
9-7
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
14.
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
A. synchondrosis.
B. suture.
C. synostosis.
D. synarthrosis.
E. syndesmosis.
9-8
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
cartilagenous; diarthrosis
B.
cartilagenous; amphiarthrosis
C.
fibrous; amphiarthrosis
D.
fibrous; synarthrosis
E.
ball and socket; pivot
9-9
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
16.
A synarthrosis is
17.
9-10
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
18.
9-11
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
20.
In a young person, the joint between the sphenoid bone and the occipital bone is a
A. suture.
B. synchondrosis.
C. syndesmosis.
D. symphysis.
E. gomphosis.
9-12
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
24. A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
FALSE
9-13
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
9-14
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
28.
A. fat pads.
B. articular discs.
C. bursae.
D. menisci.
E. diarthroses.
9-15
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
29. One of the functions of synovial fluid is to act as a shock absorber that distributes force
evenly across the joint surface.
TRUE
30.
Synovial fluid is
9-16
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
31. Based on its range of motion, the elbow is classified as a(n) __________ joint.
A. multiaxial
B. gliding
C. uniaxial
D. biaxial
E. ellipsoid
33. Which of these synovial joints does not have at least one rounded or convex surface?
A. Saddle
B. Ball and socket
C. Pivot
D. Plane
E. Condylar
9-17
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
34. The joint formed by the axis and atlas that permits the “no” shaking of the head is a
_____ joint.
A. condylar
B. hinge
C. plane
D. pivot
E. saddle
35. The metatarsophalangeal joints allow movement in two planes and are classified as
_________ joints.
A. planar
B. ball and socket
C. condylar
D. pivot
E. hinge
9-18
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
37. The ________ joint is the simplest synovial joint and also the least mobile synovial
joint.
A. pivot
B. plane
C. hinge
D. saddle
E. suture
9-19
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
38.
A.
fulcrum.
B.
condyle.
C.
resistance node.
D.
effort arm.
E.
multiaxis.
9-20
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
39. A _________ is an elongated, rigid object that can be used to alter the distance of
movement produced by a force.
lever
41.
When considering leverage, the part of the bone from the muscle attachment to the joint would be the
A. fulcrum.
B. effort arm.
C. resistance arm.
9-21
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
42.
If a heavy load is at one end of a lever, the distance between the fulcrum and that load is called the
A. effort arm.
B. resistance arm.
C. lever length.
43. The part of a lever from the fulcrum to the point of effort is called the effort arm.
TRUE
9-22
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
44.
In a first-class lever
A. the fulcrum is in the middle, between the effort and the resistance.
B. the resistance is between the fulcrum and the effort.
C. the effort is between the resistance and the fulcrum.
D. there is no effort arm.
45.
When considering joints in the human body, the most common lever type is the
A. first-class lever.
B. second-class lever.
C. third-class lever.
9-23
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
46.
Our calf muscles contract to cause plantar flexion, resembling the lever system of a wheelbarrow. Therefore, it is a _______ -
class lever.
A. first
B. second
C. third
9-24
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
48.
In general, the movements demonstrated at plane joints between the carpals are
A. rotations.
B. gliding movements.
C. flexions and extensions.
D. circumductions.
E. pivots.
49. A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) __________
motion.
A. angular
B. rotational
C. eversion
D. sliding
9-25
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
52.
When the angle between articulating bones increases beyond the anatomic position, the movement is referred to as
A. dislocation.
B. supination.
C. hyperextension.
D. hyperflexion.
E. hypertrophy.
9-26
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
53.
Rotation of the forearm so as to direct the palm anteriorly (as in anatomic position) is called
A. abduction.
B. pronation.
C. eversion.
D. supination.
E. protraction.
54.
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
A. abduction.
B. flexion.
C. inversion.
D. retraction.
E. adduction.
9-27
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
55.
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is
A. adduction.
B. hyperextension.
C. eversion
D. lateral flexion.
E. gliding.
56.
A. extension.
B. flexion.
C. abduction.
D. adduction.
E. rotation.
9-28
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
57.
When the distal end of a limb makes a circular motion while the proximal end of the limb stays stationary, such that the entire
limb's movement defines an imaginary cone shape, the motion is known as ___________.
circumduction
58. Humans are able to grasp objects between the thumb and fingers due to a special joint
movement called _____________.
opposition
59. If you move your head in such a way to look up at the ceiling, you are _________ your
neck.
A. hyperextending
B. rotating
C. circumducting
D. flexing
E. elevating
9-29
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
60. The ankle joint is the only joint that makes the movements “dorsiflexion” and “plantar
flexion”.
TRUE
9-30
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
61.
Clenching the fingers to make a fist, then relaxing and straightening them, is an example of __________ followed by
__________.
A.
flexion; extension
B.
extension; flexion
C.
adduction; abduction
D.
abduction; adduction
E.
extension; hyperextension
9-31
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
62.
63. If you were to reach out your hand to receive a set of keys from someone, what
movements of your forearm and hand would be involved?
A. Pronation and adduction
B. Supination and extension
C. Depression and flexion
D. Protraction and rotation
E. Eversion and abduction
9-32
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
64.
Medial rotation turns the anterior surface of the femur or humerus away from the main axis of the body.
FALSE
66. Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement?
A. Flexion - extension
B. Abduction - adduction
C. Pronation - supination
D. Elevation - retraction
E. Dorsiflexion - plantar flexion
9-33
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
67. Which is not a correct pairing of a joint with its common name?
A. Radiocarpal joint - wrist
B. Glenohumeral joint - elbow
C. Metacarpophalangeal - knuckle
D. Temporomandibular - TMJ
E. Talocrural - ankle
68. The temporomandibular joint is the only mobile joint between skull bones.
TRUE
9-34
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
69. In the temporomandibular joint, a pad of fibrocartilage called the _________ divides the
synovial cavity into two separate chambers.
A. meniscus
B. articular disc
C. mandibular partition
D. sphenomandibular ligament
E. coronoid capsule
70.
A. loose.
B. tight.
9-35
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
71.
When protracting the jaw or making small side-to-side movements during chewing, the temporomandibular joint makes
________ movements.
A. rotation
B. gliding
C. flexion
D. extension
E. circumduction
72. When elevating the mandible to chew food, the temporomandibular joint functions as a
_________ joint.
A. pivot
B. ball and socket
C. hinge
D. saddle
9-36
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
73.
A. Coracoacromial ligament
B. Coracohumeral ligament
C. Glenohumeral ligament
D. Humeral collateral ligament
74.
A. sternum.
B. shoulder.
C. elbow.
D. neck.
E. cranium.
75. The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle joint with a _______ range of movement.
A. wide
B. narrow
9-37
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
77. The coracoclavicular ligament is a ______ ligament that connects the clavicle to part of
the _______.
A.
strong; scapula
B.
strong; sternum
C.
weak; scapula
D.
weak; sternum
9-38
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
78.
79.
One of the weakest parts of the shoulder is the part that lacks tendons of the rotator cuff. This weak area is the ______ aspect
of the shoulder.
A. inferior
B. superior
C. anterior
D. posterior
9-39
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
80.
81. Which joints are responsible for flexion and extension at the elbow?
A. Glenohumeral and humeroulnar
B. Humeroulnar and humeroradial
C. Humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar
D. Humeroradial, radioulnar, and radiocarpal
E. Humeroradial and radioulnar
9-40
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
83. Which ligament is responsible for holding the head of the radius in place?
A. Anular ligament
B. Ulnar collateral ligament
C. Radial collateral ligament
D. Transverse humeral ligament
E. Deltoid ligament
84.
The main ligament supporting the lateral aspect of the elbow is the
9-41
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
87.
A. coxal retinaculum.
B. obturator membrane.
C. acetabular labrum.
D. glenoid labrum.
9-42
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
88.
Strong reinforcement for the anterior aspect of the hip joint is provided by the Y-shaped
A. iliofemoral ligament.
B. pubofemoral ligament.
C. ligament of the head of the femur.
D. ischiofemoral ligament.
89.
9-43
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
90. The hip allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
TRUE
91.
92. The glenohumeral joint is more stable than the hip joint.
FALSE
9-44
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
93. In addition to its hinge function, when the knee is _______ it allows for some
slight ________.
A.
flexed; circumduction
B.
flexed; rotation
C.
extended; supination
D.
extended; gliding
9-45
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
95.
In addition to the joint between the tibia and the femur, the knee contains a joint between the
96.
A. femur.
B. quadriceps muscle.
C. fibula.
D. tibia.
E. hamstring muscles.
9-46
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
98. What is the function of the cruciate ligaments in the knee joint?
A. Hold the patella in place on the femur
B. Hold the patella in place on the tibia
C. Limit the movement of the femur on the tibia
D. Limit the movement of the fibula on the femur
E. Limit the movement of the fibula on the tibia
99. The deltoid ligament, lateral ligament, and tibiofibular ligaments belong to the ________
joint.
A. tarsometatarsal
B. talocrural
C. humeroradial
D. knee
E. fibulometatarsal
9-47
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
101. The talocrural joint is a modified hinge joint that permits dorsiflexion and plantar
flexion.
TRUE
102. At the ankle, the lateral ligament is stronger than the medial ligament.
FALSE
9-48
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
103. In the human body, joints start to form by the _________ week of embryonic
development.
A. 4th
B. 8th
C. 6th
D. 10th
E. 12th
104.
During development of synovial joints, the articular capsule forms from mesenchymal tissue that is
A. laterally located.
B. centrally located.
105.
Common, wear-and-tear arthritis, in which repeated use of a joint gradually wears down the articular cartilage, is known as
A. gout.
B. osteoarthritis.
C. rheumatoid arthritis.
D. osteopenia.
E. articular porosis.
9-49
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
106.
This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the sphenomandibular ligament?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E.
None of the choices is correct.
9-50
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
107. This figure shows the temporomandibular joint. Which number indicates the articular
capsule?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E.
9-51
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
108. These figures show the coxal joint. Which number indicates the pubofemoral ligament?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5
109. These figures show the coxal joint. What structure does number 6 indicate?
A. Ischiofemoral ligament
B. Iliofemoral ligament
C. Articular capsule
D. Ligament of head of femur
E. Acetabular ligament
9-52
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
110. This figure shows the knee joint. Which number indicates the tibial collateral ligament?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
E. 6
111. This figure shows the knee joint. What structure does number 4 indicate?
A. Posterior cruciate ligament
B. Fibular collateral ligament
C. Medial meniscus
D. Lateral meniscus
E. Anterior cruciate ligament
112. The joints in the body that are the most mobile, such as the glenohumeral joint or coxal
joint, are also the most stable.
FALSE
9-53
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
114. At the knee, the articular capsule encloses only the medial, lateral, and anterior regions
of the joint.
FALSE
115. Moderate exercise improves the health of joints by increasing the flow of synovial fluid
in and out of the articular cartilage.
TRUE
9-54
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
116. In an older adult, the tissue in a suture may become completely ossified, fusing the skull
bones together. This type of suture is called a _____________.
synostosis
118. A joint in which the bone can move in two planes is said to be __________.
biaxial
119. At the knee, a bone called the ____________ is embedded within the tendon of the
quadriceps femoris muscle.
patella
9-55
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
120. A common knee injury is a torn ACL, which stands for anterior ________ ligament.
cruciate
121. During development, tissue called ___________ differentiates to form the connective
tissues of cartilagenous and fibrous joints.
mesenchyme
Essay Questions
122.
Define "angular motion" and describe two examples of joint movements that are angular. In addition, provide two examples
of movements that are not angular. For each of the four types of motion, provide an example of a joint that demonstrates that
movement.
9-56
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Chapter 09 - Skeletal System: Articulations
123.
Imagine that you are designing a two-segment robot arm that has the sole function of bending and straightening at a single
joint. When designing the robot joint, which joint in the human body would you try to copy? What features would your
robot joint share with the biological joint? Would mobility or stability be your priority?
While varied answers might be acceptable, one imagines a uniaxial hinge joint that resembles
the elbow. It should be highly stable and designed with features that minimize friction and
provide an effective fulcrum.
9-57
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