RESEARCH METHODS

LECTURE 1
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & AND ITS TYPES
 RESEARCH

• IT IS A VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY • A PROCESS OF INVESTIGATING THE

• A SYSTEMATIC EFFORT TO GAIN NEW TRUTH
KNOWLEDGE • AN EXAMINATION OF A SUBJECT FROM
DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW
WHAT IS RESEARCH
RESEARCH IS AN ORGANISED AND SYSTEMATIC WAY OF FINDING ANSWERS TO
QUESTIONS

ORGANISED-a planned procedure, limited scope

SYSTEMATIC- set of steps
FINDING ANSWERS-end of all research
QUESTIONS- central to research
ORGANISED
There is a structure or method in
doing research

Limited scope
SYSTEMATIC
THERE IS A DEFINITE SET OF PROCEDURES WHICH WE FOLLOW
FINDING ANSWERS
Whether it is the answer to a
simple question, research is
successful, when we find
answers. Sometimes its
answer is no but its still an
answer
 QUESTION
These are central to any
research.
Research is focused on useful
and relevant questions..
• Research simply seeks the answer
of certain questions which have
not been answered so far and the
answers depend upon human
efforts
• Collecting facts or information with no
clear purpose;
• Reassembling and reordering facts or
information without interpretation;
• As a term to get the product or idea
noticed and respected.
• Thus research has a number of characteristics:
■ Data are collected and interpreted systematically.
■ There is a clear purpose: to find things out.

Therefore, research can be defined as something that people

undertake in order to find out things in a systematic way, thereby
increasing their knowledge.
WHY RESEARCH?
TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE- A TOOL FOR BUILDING
KNOWLEDGE AND FOR FACILITATING LEARNING

TO SERVCE SOCIETY- MEANS TO UNDERSTAND

VARIOUS ISSUES AND INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS

TO GET RESPECTABILITY

TO BOOST BUSNIESS
RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
In Architecture and Planning, research is carried out by collecting data or facts
from the field and analyzing it to convert it into information upon which the
decisions about future development of an area, city or a region are based.
This requires reliable techniques or research methodology.

Low in-come, sustainable community, energy efficient buildings

TYPES OF RESEARCH
• BASIC RESEARCH BASED ON LEVELS
• APPLIED RESEARCH

• QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
RESEARCH DESIGN
• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 BASIC RESEARCH APPLIED RESEARCH

PURPOSE PURPOSE
Expand knowledge of processes of any field Improve understanding of particular
(business, management) problem (related to any field)

CONTEXT CONTEXT
Undertaken by people based in universities Undertaken by people based in variety
Choice of topic and objectives determined of settings including organizations and
by the researcher universities
Flexible timescales Objectives negotiated with originator
Tight timescale
QUANTITAIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research is about systematic investigation of phenomena by collecting and analyzing
quantifiable data
Asking a question and collecting numerical data to analyze by using statistical methods.
E.g. study the population of a city (male, female)
Study the house composition in a society

This research is further classified as

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH CO-RELATIONAL RESEARCH
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Qualitative research is about understanding a
phenomena/ behaviour and the reasons
behind it. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
A researcher will do in depth analysis of human
behavior and data is collected in a descriptive CASE STUDY RESEARCH
form (in words, images, video etc) HISTORICAL RESEARCH
e.g. human behavior regarding COVID-19
PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH
vaccine.
ACTION RESEARCH

Qualitative research involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical

data (e.g., text, video, or audio) to understand concepts, opinions,
or experiences.
METHODOLGY METHODS
RESEARCH METHODOLGY
Research methodology is a way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their
research.
It is a plan to systematically solve a research problem by logically adopting various steps.

It should include:
• The type of research conducted
• How data is collected and analyzed
• Any tools or materials used in the research
• Why these methods are chosen
RESEARCH METHODS
These are the techniques/tools used to gather data

QUESTIONNAIRE E-MAILED
COLLECTIVE

STRUCTURED
PRIMARY SOURCE INTERVIEW
UN-STRUCTURED

PARTICIPANT
DATA COLLECTION OBSERVATION
METHODS
NON-PARTICIAPNT

BOOKS
NEWSPAPERS
SECONDARY SOURCE
SEARCH ENGINES
ETC
QUESTIONNAIRE
INTERVIEW
OBSERVATION
• The researchers observes the participants in natural or structured environments.
• Observation can be carried out in two types of environments:
• Laboratory observation (which is done in lab by the researcher)
• Naturalistic observation (done in real world)
CASE STUDIES
• Its is an approach to study a phenomena through a
thorough analysis of an individual case. Through,
thorough analysis generalization may be applicable to
all cases.
• The case may be people, community, or any other
unit.

TYPES OF CASE STUDIES

• Live case study
• A literature case study
affira.arch@gmail.com