Warbook 1 WV

ARMY LISTS
IMPETVS
WARBOOK 1
3000 BC to 44 BC
H
Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)
Dadi&Piombo
oundr y.
m m W argames F
warband . 2 8 son.
Sea People n . Ph oto Nathan Vin
tio
ire’s collec
John Magu
PHOTOS
Carthaginians. 28mm Av
entine.
Photo and collection Ste
fano Gardini
es Foundr y.
y. 28mm Wargam
Mycenean chariotr n Vinson.
Mag ui re’s colle ction. Photo Natha
John
Hellenistic VS Celts. 28mm various manufacturers. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
IMPETVS
WARBOOK 1 3000 BC to 44 BC
COMPILED BY Jorge Neto, Lorenzo Sartori and Yuri Vantin
ASSISTED BY Marco Guarnieri, Jim Webster and Luca Zammarchi
EDITING Jim Webster
COVER PHOTO Nathan Vinson. 28mm Assyrians, from the collection of John Maguire.
DIGITAL EDITION for Wargame Vault
PUBLISHED BY Lorenzo Sartori Editore - Dadi&Piombo
© 2020 Lorenzo Sartori

All rights reserved. No parts of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trasmitted, in any form or by any means without the prior
written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar
condition being imposed upon the subsequent purchaser.
www.dadiepiombo.com
Dadi&Piombo
4 HOW TO USE THE LISTS
Intro
These lists are intended to be used with Impetus wargames rules, second edition.
The aim of these lists is to compose balanced armies for pick up games. If you recreate historical battles then
they can be used as a useful guide, but costs of Units and minima and maxima should be ignored in most cases.
Budget
The ideal budget for a standard game is 400 pts with 300 pts as a fast and cheaper alternative.
For bigger battles, lasting more than 3 hours, you can use 500 or more points budgets. Mind that List Total
points average is 1000 so if you field armies with 800 pts budget or more you may consider to double minima
and maxima to have enough choice.
Large Units
Large Units can be created only if allowed in the specific list. Mind that the rear rank of a Large Unit cannot
have a VBU higher than 4.
Allies
Some lists feature an Allied Contingent. An Allied Contingent must form a Command on its own, so these
troops cannot be combined with other in the lists in the same Command.
Unless stated differently in the army list, only one Allied Contingent is allowed.
Hoplon special rule

Troops with Hoplon special rule use the column for Mounted on the Charge Bonus/Pursuing table when they
charge or pursue.
Roman artillery special rule

Roman armies with this special rule (see lists) can attach Artillery Units to the Legionary Units instead of de-
ploying them apart. Each Artillery Unit can be “splitted” and attached to 5 legionary Units. A stationary legion-
ary Unit with attached artillery can shoot 1 die at up 12H or 2 dice at up 8H. No other modifiers are applied.
Each Legionary Unit has one single shot, so place a marker (or a ballista/scorpio model) in each Legionary Unit
supported by artillery and remove it after the first fire. This shot can be used also as a Reaction fire. Attached
artillery can also be used as Defensive fire (2 dice) if the artillery didn’t shoot before. Calculate this roll before
any other (e.g. pilum).
How to read the lists

Each list has 9 columns
1) Minima and maxima allowed for that troop (eg 2-8, that is you can field from 2 to 8 Units)
2) Troop name (eg Legionaries, Warband, Archers…)
3) Troop type (eg CM, CL, FP…)
4) VBU (see rulebook par 2.3). In case of Large Unit the first number is for the front Unit and the second after
the slash is for the rear rank Units.
5) I (Impetus bonus, see rulebook par. 2.3)
6) D (Discipline, see rulebook par. 2.3).
7) VD (Demoralization value, see rulebook par. 2.3). In case of Large Unit the first number is for the front Unit
and the second is for the rear rank Units.
8) Weapons (eg short bow B or pilum) and special (eg Impetuous or Camel)
9) Cost of each Unit. In case of Large Unit the first number is for the front Unit and the second after the slash
is the reduced cost for the rear rank Units.
For Movement rates of each Unit see the rulebook (par 5.1)

HOW TO USE THE LISTS 5
Myceneans, 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
In the first column instead of minima and maxima values you can find these notations
(0) minima-maxima
In this case these troops are not compulsory but if use them the minima must be respected
Example
0(4)-12 Phalangites FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
If you field Phalangites then you must field at least 4 Units.
Up 1/3 : up to 1/3 of preceding line.

Example
8-24 Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
up 1/3 Regular Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
In this case up to 1/3 of 24, so up to 8, can be Regular Archers. You can field only Regular Archers as the
minimum is 8.
Up 1/4D : up to 1/4 of deployed preceding line

Example
up 1/4D Regular Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
In this case if you field 12 Archers, 3 of them can be upgraded to Regular Archers with VBU 4 and D=B. If
you field 14 archers, still maximum 3 of them can be upgraded. If you field 16, then you can upgrade up to 4.
Up 1/C : up to 1 for each Command

You can field such a troop type no more than one per command. That troop must also stay in its Command. If
you have 4 Comands these Units will stay each in their Command and will not be combined together in the same
Command. In most lists it appears as an upgrade of a previous line of the same type. In a few cases it is independ-
ent and will allow to field one Unit per Command, up to a maximum of 4.
Up “#” : up to “#” of preceding line

Example
1-3 Greek cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1 Thessalian Nobles CM 6 3 B 2 30

6 HOW TO USE THE LISTS
You can upgrade one Greek cavalry to Thessalian Nobles. As the Minima is 1 then you can field only 1 Thes-
salian Nobles and no other Greek Cavalry. Or you can field 1 or 2 Greek cavalry and 1 Thessalian Nobles or
even 3 Greek Cavalry and no Thessalian Nobles.
or : of preceding line
In this case you can take any quantities of the troops in the 2 lines
Example
0-3 Cretans S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
or Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
In this case you can field up to 3 Cretans and no generic Archers or up to 2 Cretans and 1 generic Archers or 1
Cretans and up 2 generic archers or only generic archers.
or ALL : of preceding line

In this case All Units must be the same
Example
or ALL Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
You can take or ALL Cretans or ALL Archers.
1/FP : 1 for each preceding FP

You can take as many of these troops as FP fielded.
+ : of preceding line
This is used for compulsory supporting troops, that must be taken in equal number of the troops they support.
Example
1-10 Ashsharitu FL 5 2 B 2 19
+ Supporting Archers T 3 0 B 1 Short bow A 13
If you take 4 Ashsharitu then you have to take 4 Supporting archers and form Large Units.
In this case
3-6 Sparabara FP 4 1 B 1 Pavise 16
or Sparabara T 4 1 B 1 Short bow A 19
+ Sparabara T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
Sparabara FP or T must be supported by Sparabara T, eg you can choose FP or T as front rank.
Other examples:
Foot forming Large Units can have different upgrades.
Example 1
6-20 Hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
In this case you all Hoplites are with VBU 5 but if you form Large Units then the rear rank is VBU 4
Example 2
6-30 Hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
up 1/2D Hoplites (front rank) FP 5 2 B 2 Long Spear/Hoplon 23
In this case you can have the upgrade only for front ranks of Large Units. If you don’t form Large Units then all
Hoplites are VBU=4. But you can also have Large Units with VBU=4 + 4 and ignore the upgrade, of course.

INDEX 7
VOLUME 1: AGE OF BRONZE

1.1 Early Sumerian 3000 -2250 BC .................................................................. 9
1.2 Old and Middle Kingdom Egyptian 3000-1543 BC .................................................................. 9
1.3 Nubian 3000 -2250 BC .................................................................. 9
1.4 Early Elamites 3000-800 BC ................................................................. 10
1.5 Early Libyans 3000-665 BC . ................................................................. 10
1.6 Akkadian Empire 2300-2193 BC ................................................................. 11
1.7 Old Assyrian and Babylonian 1900-1600 BC ................................................................. 11
1.8 Early Hittite 1680-1380 BC ................................................................. 11
1.9 Hyksos 1645-1537 BC . ................................................................. 12
1.10 Minoan and Early Mycenean 1600-1250 BC ................................................................. 12
1.11 Mitanni 1600-1274 BC ................................................................. 13
1.12 Syro-Canaanite and Ugaritic 1600-1100 BC ................................................................. 13
1.13 Kassite and Later Babylonian 1600-750 BC ................................................................. 13
1.14 New Kingdom Egyptian 1543-1069 BC ................................................................. 14
1.15 Hittite Empire 1380-1180 BC . ................................................................. 14
1.16 Middle Assyrian 1365-911 BC ................................................................. 15
1.17 Achaians 1250-1190 BC ................................................................. 15
1.18 Trojans 1250-1190 BC ................................................................ 16
1.19 Early Hebrew 1250-1000 BC ................................................................. 16
VOLUME 2: AGE OF CHARIOTS

2.1 Sea People 1200-1176 BC ................................................................. 17
2.2 Early Philistines 1166-1100 BC ................................................................. 17
2.3 Later Philistines 1100-600 BC ................................................................. 17
2.4 Later Aramean and Neo Hittite 1100-710 BC ................................................................. 18
2.5 Later Hebrew 1000-587 BC ................................................................. 18
2.6 Phoenician 1000-332 BC ................................................................. 18
2.7 Libyan Egyptians 946-712 BC ................................................................. 19
2.8 Early Neo Assyrian 911-745 BC ................................................................. 19
2.9 Urartian 858-585 BC ................................................................. 19
2.10 Neo-Elamites 800-639 BC ................................................................. 20
2.11 Neo-Babylonian Empire 746-539 BC ................................................................. 20
2.12 Neo-Assyrian 746-679 BC ................................................................. 21
2.13 Kushite Egyptians 745-583 BC ................................................................. 21
2.14 Sargonid Assyrian 680-609 BC ................................................................. 22
2.15 Saitic Egyptian 664-525 BC ................................................................. 23
2.16 Meroitic Kushite 529 BC-350 AD ................................................................. 23
VOLUME 3: AGE OF HOPLITES

3.1 Early Athens 700-450 BC ................................................................. 24
3.2 Thebes 700-287 BC ................................................................. 24
3.3 Spartans 700-192 BC ................................................................. 25
3.4 Minor Greek Cities 700-275 BC ................................................................. 26
3.5 Ionian Greeks 700-275 BC ................................................................. 26
3.6 Thessaly 700-358 BC ................................................................. 26
3.7 Magna Graecia 700-235 BC ................................................................. 27
3.8 Thracians 700 BC-46 AD ................................................................. 28
3.9 Illyrians 700 BC-10 AD ................................................................. 28
3.10 Early Achaemenid Persians 550-420 BC ................................................................. 29
3.11 Later Athens 450-225 BC ................................................................. 30

8 INDEX
VOLUME 4: ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND SUCCESSORS

4.1 Early Macedonians 600-355 BC . ................................................................. 31
4.2 Scythians 750 BC-50 AD ................................................................. 31
4.3 Classical Indians 500-321 BC ................................................................. 32
4.4 Later Achaemenid Persians 419-329 BC ................................................................. 33
4.5 Alexander Macedonians 356-331 BC ................................................................. 34
4.6 Aetolian League 340-189 BC ................................................................. 35
4.7 Alexander Empire 330-323 BC ................................................................. 35
4.8 Alcetas and Minor Successors 323-300 BC ................................................................. 36
4.9 Early Macedonian Successors 322-276 BC ................................................................. 37
4.10 Eumenes 322-316 BC ................................................................. 37
4.11 Antigonus Monophthalmus 322-301 BC ................................................................. 38
4.12 Lysimachos 322-281 BC ................................................................. 39
4.13 Maurya Empire 321-180 BC ................................................................. 39
4.14 Early Ptolemaic 320-276 BC ................................................................. 40
4.15 Early Seleucids 320-205 BC ................................................................. 40
4.16 Demetrius 294-285 BC . ................................................................. 41
4.17 Achaean League 280-146 BC ................................................................. 42
4.18 Middle Ptolemaic 276-168 BC ................................................................. 42
4.19 Attalid Pergamene 263-129 BC ................................................................. 43
4.20 Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-130 BC ................................................................. 44
4.21 Galatians 250 BC-25 AD ................................................................. 44
4.22 Early Parthian 247-209 BC ................................................................. 45
4.23 Indo Greek Kingdom 180-10 BC ................................................................. 45
VOLUME 5: ROME AND ITALY

5.1 Early Etruscan League 600-400 BC ................................................................. 46
5.2 Early Romans 578-400 BC ................................................................. 46
5.3 Campanian 500-203 BC ................................................................. 46
5.4 Apulian, Lucan, Bruttian 500-203 BC ................................................................. 47
5.5 Syracuse 410-210 BC ................................................................. 47
5.6 Later Etruscan League 400-280 BC ................................................................. 48
5.7 Early Republican Romans 400-275 BC ................................................................. 49
5.8 Samnites 355-272 BC ................................................................. 50
5.9 Pyrrhic 300-262 BC ................................................................. 50
VOLUME 6: ROMAN EXPANSION

6.1 Early Carthaginians 550-238 BC ................................................................. 51
6.2 Gauls 400-50 BC ................................................................. 51
6.3 Bithynia 376-74 BC ................................................................. 52
6.4 Early Armenians 331 BC-251 AD ................................................................. 52
6.5 Later Macedonians 276-168 BC ................................................................. 52
6.6 Middle Republican Romans 264-146 BC ................................................................. 54
6.7 Celtiberians 240-20 BC ................................................................. 55
6.8 Iberian and Lusitanians 240-20 BC ................................................................. 56
6.9 Later Carthaginians 237-146 BC ................................................................. 57
6.10 Numidians 215-148 BC ................................................................. 58
6.11 Middle Parthian 209-53 BC ................................................................. 58
6.12 Later Seleucids 205-83 BC ................................................................. 59
6.13 Later Ptolemaic 169-30 BC ................................................................. 59
6.14 Later Numidians 148-25 BC ................................................................. 60
6.15 Spartacus and Slave Revolts 135-71 BC ................................................................. 61
6.16 Cimbri and Teutoni 113-102 BC ................................................................. 61
6.17 Late Republican Roman 105-25 BC ................................................................. 62
6.18 Pontic 110-47 BC ................................................................. 63
6.19 Sertorius's Lusitanians 80-72 BC ................................................................. 63

VOLUME 1 - AGE OF BRONZE 9
1.1 Early Sumerian 3000 - 2250 BC CS Average

Name Type VBU I D VD Weapon/Special Pts
1-8 Battle cars CGP 5 3 C 2 15
up 1/C Battle cars CGP 6 3 C 3 21
0-2 Straddle cars CGL 4 2 B 1 Various 19
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 14
0-4 Royal Bowmen T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
4-16 Militia Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
4-16 Spearmen FP 4 1 B 1 Long spear 17/13
up 1/2D Veteran Spearmen FP 5 1 B 2 Long spear 22
0-4 Guards FP 5 3 B 2 21
0-4 Mattu FL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 12
0-4 Slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-8 Nim Javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
3-8 Nim Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Guti FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
Notes&Options
Sumer is the first known civilization. In around 2800 BC, under the accession of Sargon of Akkad, it became
an empire. The bulk of a Sumerian army was close order foot with long spear screened by archers and
skirmishers.
Spearmen and Guti can form Large Units with same type.
1.2 Old and Middle Kingdom Egyptian 3000 -1543 BC CS Poor/Average

0-2 Chariots (after 2000 BC) CGL 5 2 B 3 Various 24
3-20 Warriors FL 5 3 C 2 15
up 1/3D Warriors FL 5 3 B 3 20
2-8 Elite or Nubian Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
6-20 Conscript Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-12 Conscript Foot FP 4 1 C 1 9
0-8 Javelinmen S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
or Archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
0-3 Beduin Slingers S 2 0 C 1 Sling 7
Notes&Options
This list covers the armies of the first Egyptian dynasties until the Kamose revolt against the Hyksos.
1.3 Nubian 3000 -2250 BC CS Poor

1-3 Nobles FL 5/4 4 C 3/1 Impetuous 15/8
0-8 Warriors FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
8-40 Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
up 1/2D Archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-5 Javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-3 Egyptian Mercenaries FP 5 3 B 3 21
Notes&Options
Nubians were the southern neighbours of Egyptians. Skilled archers, they often served as mercenaries in the
Egyptian armies.
Warriors and Nobles can form Large Units (you can mix).

10 VOLUME 1 - AGE OF BRONZE
1.4 Early Elamites 3000-800 BC CS Poor

up 1/C Battle Cars CGP 5 3 C 3 15
1-3 Chariots (after 2200 BC) CGL 5 2 C 2 Various 19
up 1/C Chariots (after 2200 BC) CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 C 1 12
0-5 Household Retinue FP 5 3 B 2 21
0-5 Household Spearmen FP 5 2 C 2 Long Spear 18
0-5 Household Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
Notes&Options
Elam was an ancient pre-iranian civilization. Battle Cars cannot be used with Chariots.
1.5 Early Libyans 3000-665 BC CS Poor

0-3 Chariots (after 1400 BC) CGL 5 2 C 2 Various 19
or Chariots (after 1400 BC) CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
or Bodyguard FL 5 3 C 3 15
12-48 Warriors FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10/8
0-8 Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
up 1/2D Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
From 1200 BC replace Warriors with
up 1/2D Elite Warriors FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
Notes&Options
This list covers the Libyan tribes until Carthage started to extend its hegemony in the area. Warriors (incl. Elite)
can form Large Units.
Libyans. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

1.6 Akkadian Empire 2300-2193 BC CS Poor/Average

0-3 Battle Cars CGP 5 3 B 2 20
up 1/C Battle Cars CGP 6 3 B 3 26
or Dismounted Crew S 3 2 B 1 Various 17
0-1 Straddle Cars CGL 4 2 B 1 Various 19
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 14
0-2 Guards FL 5/4 3 B 2/1 20/12
0-2 Royal Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-8 Household Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
or Household Spearmen FL 4 1 B 1 Long Spear 16/12
8-24 Militia Spearmen FP 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 12/9
up 1/2D Militia Spearmen FP 5 1 C 2 Long Spear 17
4-12 Slingers S 2 0 C 1 Sling 7
0-12 Nim Javelinmen S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
4-12 Nim Archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
0-6 Amurru Bedouin FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16/12
0-8 Martu FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10/8
0-8 Elamite Archers T 4 0 C 1 Short bow A 11
Notes&Options
The Akkadian dynasty was founded by Sargon of Akkad who established what is probably the first empire in history.
FP Spearmen must form Large Units. FL can form Large Units (same type).
1.7 Later Amorite, Old Assyrian and Babylonian 1900-1600 BC CS Poor/Average

0-2 Chariots CGL 5 2 B 3 Various 24
5-24 Retinue Foot FL 5 3 C 2 15
up 1/2D Retinue Foot FL 5 3 B 3 20
0-2 Retinue Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
2-12 Warriors FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-10 Nomadic Levies FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
or Slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
Notes&Options
This lists covers the Amorite states of Syria and Mesopotamia, including the Old Assyrian Empire and the first
Dynasty of Babylon.
1.8 Early Hittite 1680-1380 BC CS Poor

6-16 Guardsmen FL 5 3 B 2 20
0-24 Foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
up 1/4D Conscript Foot FL 3 1 C 1 5
0-6 Archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
Notes&Options
This list covers the early Hittite armies until the accession of Suppiluliumas.

1.9 Hyksos 1645-1537 BC CS Average

4-12 Retinue FL 4 2 B 1 14/11
up 4 Elite Retinue FL 5 2 B 3 19
0-2 Retinue Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-24 Asiatics and Libyans FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10/8
0-4 Habiru FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
0-4 Asiatics and Habiru S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-4 Lybians S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
Hyksos came from western Asia and settled in the eastern Nile Delta leading to the end of the 13th Egyptian
dynasty. They indroduced horses and chariots in the area.
FL can form Large Units with same type (Elite Retinue can form Large Unit with Retinue).
1.10 Minoan and Early Mycenean 1600-1250 BC CS Poor/Average

2-8 Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 27
or Chariots CGL 5 2 B 2 Various 24
4-20 Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
or Supporting Archers T 2 0 B 1 Short bow A 11
0-4 Swordsmen FL 5 3 B 2 20
0-2 Pylians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Libyans S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
or Libyans T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-1 Libyans FL 4 1 C 1 8
Notes&Options
This list covers the Minoan and Early Mycenan armies of the Aegean Palace Civilizations. Main centres were
Knossos, Phaistos, Pylos and Mycenae.
Spearmen can form Large Units with Spearmen or with Supporting Archers. CGP moves like CGL.
Mycenean warriors. 28mm Foundry and Reboubt. Photo and collection Stefano Bassetti.

1.11 Mitanni 1600-1274 BC CS Poor/Average

3-14 Maryannu CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
0-8 Vassal Maryannu CGL 5 2 B 2 Various 24
2-8 Spearmen FL 5 2 B 2 19
or Archers T 4 0 C 1 Short bow A 11
0-8 Levies FP 4 1 C 1 9
or Levies FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
or Levies FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
0-4 Habiru or Akhalamu S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
Mitanni was an Hurrian-speaking state in norther Syria who became a regional power in the vacuum created
by the fall of Amorite dynasties to the Hittites. Its strenght was based on Maryannu military aristocracy.
Spearmen can form Large Units with Supporting Archers.
1.12 Syro-Canaanite and Ugaritic 1600-1100 BC CS Poor/Average

3-14 Maryannu CGL 5 2 B 2 Various 24
or Maryannu CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
0-2 Royal Guards FL 5 3 B 2 20
or Royal Guard Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
5-20 Canaanites FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
or Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-4 Skirmishers S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-4 Sea Peoples FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
0-4 Beduins S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
Notes&Options
The fall of Amorite dynasties allowed the rise of several city-states in what are now modern Israel, Palestine,
Jordan and Syria. These city-states, ruled by Hurrian Maryannu aristocracy, were often vassals of Mitanni,
Egypt, Hittites and Assyria.
1.13 Kassite and Later Babylonian 1600-750 BC CS Poor/Average

0-3 Cavalry CM 4 1 B 1 17
4-32 Infantry FL 5 2 C 2 14
or Supporting Archers T 2 0 C 1 Short bow A 6
Notes&Options
This list covers the Babylonian armies until the reign Nabu-nasir who ruled as a vassal of Assyria.
FL Infantry can form Large Units with Supporting Archers.

1.14 New Kingdom Egyptian 1543-1069 BC CS Average

0-2 Shardana Royal Guard FP 5 3 B 2 21
0-1 Royal Guard FP 5 2 A 2 25
0-4 Sherden FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
0-8 Sea People/Lybians FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
3-8 Line Infantry FL 5 1 B 2 18
0-8 Axemen FL 5 3 B 2 20
2-12 Vet. Archers or Nubians T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-4 Raw Archers T 3 0 B 1 Short bow A 13
0-3 Egyptians, Syrians,
Canaanites FL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 12
0-6 Nubians, Syrians,
Canaanites S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Asiatics S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-6 Asiatics S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
This list covers the Egyptian armies from the revolt against the Hyksos until the end of the XII Dynasty. This is
the army of Ramses II the Great and the battle of Kadesh.
Sea People and Lybians can form Large Units.
1.15 Hittite Empire 1380-1180 BC CS Poor/Average

2-6 Heavy Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-2 Anatolian Chariots CGL 5 2 B 2 Various 24
3-10 Regular Foot FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
0-6 Conscripts FL 3 1 C 1 5
0-6 Anatolian Foot FL 4 2 C 1 Javelin 11
0-4 Gasgan Foot FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
0-3 Anatolian or Beduins S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-4 Anatolian
or Beduins Slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-4 Anatolian
or Beduins Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
SYRO-CANAANITES ALLIED CONTINGENT
2-8 Foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
Under charismatic Suppiliumas the Hittite Empire reached its great extent. Under his reign Mitanni and
Syrian States were subjugated and Egypt menaced.
Gasgan can form Large Unit.

Hittite foot. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
1.16 Middle Assyrian 1365-911 BC CS Poor/Average

1-10 Ashsharitu FL 5 2 B 2 19
0-10 Levies FL 4 1 C 1 8
+ Levies Supp. Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow B 5
0-1 Kallapani FL 4 0 B 1 Various 13
or Javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
This list covers the Assyrian armies after the independence from Mitanni and before the decline, started under
the reign of Adadnirari II, the first of the Neo-Assyrian period.
Ashsharitu and Levies must form Large Units with their Supporting Archers.
1.17 Achaians 1250-1190 BC CS Poor/Average

0-3 Pylian Chariots CGL 6 3 B 3 28
0-2 Cavalry CM 4 1 C 1 12
0-4 Myrmidons FL 4 4 B 1 Impetuous 15/12
4-10 Line Spearmen FP 4 1 B 1 Long Spear 17/13
0-10 Pylian Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
0-1 Wooden Horse W 5 0 C 2 Various 13
Notes&Options
This list, partially based on Homer’s Iliad, covers the later Greek Mycenean armies allegedly involved in the
Trojan War. The Woodem Horse was probably an Assyrian siege machine.
Line Spearmen can form Large Units with other Line Spearmen. Pylian Spearmen can form Large Unit with
Pylian Spearmen or with Supporting Archers. Myrmidons can form Large Unit.

1.18 Trojans 1250-1190 BC CS Poor/Average

0-4 Lukka Warriors FL 5 3 B 2 20
4-12 Line Spearmen FP 4 1 B 1 Long Spear 17/13
up 1/2D Veteran Line Spearmen FP 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 22
0-6 Thracians FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
Notes&Options
Troy or Ilium was a Greek Mycenan city on the west coast of Asia Minor.
Line Spearmen can form Large Units with Line Spearmen (incl. Veteran Line Spearmen).
1.19 Early Hebrew 1250-1000 BC CS Poor

1-2 Picked Men FL 5 3 C 3 15
4-10 Simeonites
and Ephramites FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/2D Veteran Simeonites
and Ephramites FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
12-24 Other Tribes FL 4 1 C 1 8
0-8 Benjamin Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
or Benjamin Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-8 Benjamin Slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
up 2 Benjamin Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-8 Gadites S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-8 Isacharians S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
0-1 Ark of the Covenant W 6 0 B 3 24
Notes&Options
This list, based on the Holy Bible, covers the Israelites armies until the accession of David.
Simeonites and Ephramites can form Large Units.
Philistine warriors. 28mm Wargames Foundry. Photo and collection Stefano Bassetti.

VOLUME 2 - AGE OF CHARIOTS 17
2.1 Sea Peoples 1200-1176 BC CS Poor

0-4 Shardana or Nobles FP 5/4 2 B 3/1 20/12
up 1/C Noble Warriors FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
or all Warriors FL 5 2 C 2 14
0-8 Migrant Families FP 3 1 C 1 Various 9
Notes&Options
Sea People were raiders whose origin is still unkown despite many theories. They cause the collapse of several
eastern Mediterranean civilizations.
Shardana/Nobles can form Large Units. Impetuous units can form Large Units.
2.2 Early Philistines 1166-1100 BC CS Poor

0-6 Elite Foot FP 5 3 B 2 21
6-24 Warriors FL 5 3 C 2 15
0-3 Javelinmen FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
Philistines descended from the Sea Peoples tribe Peleset and were settled by Egyptians in what is now Pales-
tine as military colonists.
2.3 Later Philistines 1100-600 BC CS Poor/Average

6-20 Spearmen FP 5/4 1 C 2/1 Long Spear 17/9
up 1/2 D Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
1-20 Javelinmen FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 16
0-2 Hebrew Mercenaries FL 5 3 C 2 15
Notes&Options
Spearmen can form Large Units.
You can upgrade one Unit of Spearmen as Goliath and followers with VBU=6 and VD 3 at 23pts if D=C or
28pts of D=B

18 VOLUME 2 - AGE OF CHARIOTS
2.4 Later Aramean and Neo Hittite 1100-710 BC CS Poor/Average

2-9 Light Chariots CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
up 1/2D Heavy Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-2 Camels CM 4 1 C 1 Camels 14
0-6 Elite Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
6-24 Militia Spearmen FP 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 12/9
or Militia Foot FL 4 1 C 1 8
3-12 Militia Archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
or Militia Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-12 Militia Slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
Notes&Options
This lists covers the kingdoms that arose in Anatolia and Syria following the collapse of the Hittite Empire.
FP can form Large Units with same type.
2.5 Later Hebrew 1000-587 BC CS Poor/Average

up 1/2D Chariots CGL 6 2 B 3 Various 30
or Heavy Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-4 Gibborim FL 6 3 B 2 26
0-4 Philistine Mercenaries FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
6-30 Tribal foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
up 1/4D Tribal foot FL 5 1 C 2 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
This list covers the Israelites armies from the accession of David until the fall of the kingdom to the Assyrian in 722
BC. The list also covers the southern Kingdom of Judah who survived until the 586, when fell under the Babylonian.
Philistines can form large Units.
2.6 Phoenician 1000-332 BC CS Poor/Average
or Cavalry CM 5 1 B 2 22
6-30 Spearmen FL 5 1 B 2 18
from 800 BC replace CGL with
Heavy Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
from 665 BC replace Spearmen with
Hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
Notes&Options
This lists covers the Phoenician city states armies like Tyre and Sidon and their colonies one of which was Carthage.
Phoenicia was incorporated by the Achaemenid Empire in 539 BC and finally conquered by Alexander in 332 BC.
Hoplites can form Large Units.

2.7 Libyan Egyptians 943-712 BC CS Poor/Average

0-3 Shardana Royal Guard FP 6 3 B 2 27
0-1 Egyptian Royal Guard FP 6 1 B 2 Long Spear 28
0-6 Egyptian Foot FL 5 2 B 2 19
0-6 Egyptian Archers T 4 0 C 1 Short bow A 11
6-18 Meshwesh FL 5/4 4 C 2/1 Impetuous 15/8
0-6 Nubian/Lybian Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
2-15 Palestinian or
Beduin Javelinmen S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
Notes&Options
Meshwesh were a Lybian military cast that seized power in Egypt putting an end to the New Kingdom’s last
dynasty.
Meshwesh can form Large Units.
2.8 Early Neo Assyrian 911-745 BC CS Poor/Average

up 1/2 D Heavy Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-3 Pethalle Cavalry CM 3 1 C 1 Various 12
3-8 Elite Foot FL 5 2 B 2 19
0-32 Levy Foot FP 4 1 C 1 9
0-16 Levy Archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
or Javelinmen S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
or Slingers S 2 0 C 1 Sling 7
Notes&Options
Adadinari II was the first king of the Neo-Assyrian age ending a period of decline. Under him and his heirs As-
syria regain control of surrounding areas. This new expansion was halted in Syria by a coalition of New Hittite,
Aramean and Israelite at the battle of Qarqar (853 BC).
Elite Foot must form Large Units with Supporting Archers.
2.9 Urartian 858-585 BC CS Poor/Average

1-3 Royal Army Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-2 Royal Army Cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 29
0-4 Provincial Cavalry CM 5 1 C 2 17
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 C 1 12
0-3 Cimmerian Mercenaries CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
4-12 Royal Army Foot FL 5 1 B 2 18
4-24 Provincial Spearmen FL 4 1 C 1 8
0-4 Levies FP 3 1 C 1 6
or Levies FL 3 1 C 1 5
Notes&Options
The Kingdom of Urartu corresponded to modern Armenia. It was a threat to Assyria. Cimmerians invaded the
country in 714 BC, diverted away after heavy losses, part of them were enrolled as mercenaries.

2.10 Neo-Elamites 800-639 BC CS Poor/Average

0-1 Chariots CGP 6 4 C 3 Various 25
3-12 Kallapani battle carts T 4 1 C 1 Short bow B 11
0-8 Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
0-4 Spearmen FL 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 11
up 1/4D Elite Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
Notes&Options
Elam was an ally of Babylon and often in war against Assyria. Elamite Kallapani were small and slow carts
pulled mules or equids and filled by archers, hence their classification as T.
Kallapani battle cart, 28mm Wargames Foundry. Photo and collection Jonathan Freitag
2.11 Neo-Babylonian Empire 746-539 BC CS Poor/Average

2-5 Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-3 Guard Cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 Comp. Bow C 32
0-2 Guard Foot FP 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 22
0-2 Skythian Mercenaries CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
3-14 Regular Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
6-24 Militia Archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
0-24 Levies FP 4 1 C 1 9
From 626 BC replace Regular Archers with
4-8 Infantry FP 4 1 B 1 14
or Infantry FL 4 1 B 1 13
Notes&Options
This list covers the Babylonians armies from the revolts against Assyria, who lead to a complete independence
in around 625 BC under Nabu-Apalasur, until the conquest by Achemenid Persians.
After 626 BC Infantry (FP or FL) must form Large Unit with Supporting Archers.

2.12 Neo-Assyrian Empire 746-679 BC CS Poor/Average

0-1 Qurubti cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 Comp. Bow C 32
0-4 Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. Bow C 26
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
0-2 Qurubti Infantry FP 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 22
or Qurubti Infantry FL 5 1 B 2 18
3-6 Sharruti infantry FP 4 1 B 1 14
or Sharruti infantry FL 4 1 B 1 13
+ Sharruti supp. archers T 3 0 B 1 Short bow A 13
0-12 Sharruti Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-1 Elite Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-2 Elamites T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
(0) 4-20 Dikut Mati FP 3 1 C 1 6
Notes&Options
Under Tiglath-Pileser (745-727) and his successors Assyrian expansion lead to the conquest of Babylon and
northern Egypt. Sharruti infantry must form Large Units with their supporting archers.
Egyptian foot. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
2.13 Kushite Egyptians 745-583 BC CS Poor/Average

0-4 Light Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-8 Foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10/8
0-4 Meshwesh FL 5/4 4 C 2/1 Impetuous 15/8
Notes&Options
This list covers the armies of Egypts after the King of Kush, a kingdom of Nubia, invaded the country establishing the
25th Dynasty. Meshwesh and Foot can form Large Units (same type). If in Large Units the Javelin turns into PBW.
2.14 Sargonid Assyrian 680-609 BC CS Poor/Average

0-2 Qurubti cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 Comp. Bow C 32
2-6 Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. Bow C 26
0-2 Cimmerians or Skythians CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. Bow C 23
0-1 Scouts CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
0-2 Qurubti Infantry FP 6 2 A 3 Long Spear 34
3-6 Sharruti infantry FP 4 1 B 1 14
or Sharruti infantry FL 4 1 B 1 13
+ Sharruti supp. archers T 3 0 B 1 Short bow A 13
up 1/2D Sa Sheppe infantry FP 5 2 B 2 20
+ Sa Sheppe supp. archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-12 Sharruti Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-1 Medes FL 4 1 C 1 8
+ Medes supp. archers T 4 1 C 1 Short bow A 14
0-1 Elite Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-1 Egyptians T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-2 Kushites T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
(0)2-12 Dikut Mati FP 3 1 C 1 6
Notes&Options
This list covers the latest stages of the Sargonid Dynasty. Though probably the army reached the best with the
expansion of elite troops, it was a period of decadence and endemic civil wars.
Sharruti, Sa Sheppe and Mede infantry must form Large Units with their supporting archers.
28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

2.15 Saitic Egyptian 664-525BC CS Poor/Average

1-4 Chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
0-2 Skythians CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow C 20
0-2 Guard Spearmen FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
0-2 Guard Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
6-18 Spearmen FP 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 12/9
0-6 Nubian Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-4 Lybian javelinmen S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
0-2 Marines FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Long Spear 22/13
0-8 Mercenary Hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
0-1 Assyrian Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. Bow C 26
0-2 Assyrian Infantry FL 4 1 B 1 13
Notes&Options
The 26th Dynasty was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest.
FP can form Large units with same type.
Egyptian foot. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
2.16 Meroitic Kushite 529 BC-350 AD CS Poor

0-1 Elite Cavalry CM 5 2 B 3 23
6-24 Foot FP 5/4 1 C 2/1 14/7
0-6 Sword and Axemen FP 5/4 3 C 2/1 16/9
0-6 Troglodyte S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 African Elephants EL 5 3 C 2 17
Notes&Options
This list covers the late Kushites who, after the rise of the Saitic dynasty in Egypt, brought their capital south to
Meroe. FP can form Large Units with same type.

24 VOLUME 3 - AGE OF HOPLITES
3.1 Early Athens 700-450 BC CS Average

6-16 Athenian hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2 /1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-16 Allied or mercenary
hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
up 1/C Hoplites FP 6 2 B 3 Long Spear/Hoplon 29
or Greek cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Thracian javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
THESSALIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
0-1 Thessalian Nobles CM 5 3 B 2 24
1-4 Thessalian Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
Notes&Options
This lists covers the Athenian army from origins mostly based on Hoplites.
Greek skimishing archers. 28mm Warlord Games. Photo and painting Abraham Jimenez.
3.2 Thebes 700-287 BC CS Average

6-24 Theban/Boeotian hopl. FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
up 1/C Theban/Boeotian
elite hoplites FP 6 2 B 3 Long Spear/Hoplon 29
0-2 Theban Sacred Band FP 6/4 2 A 3/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 34/18
or Greek cavalry
with Hamippoi CM 5 2 B 2 PBW 25
0-4 Greek/Thracian Peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
Notes&Options
Thebes was the main city in Boeotia, leader of the Boeotian Confederacy and major rival of Athens. Sacred
Band was a troop of select soldiers, consisting of 150 pairs of male lovers which formed the elite force of the
army. Hoplites and Sacred Band can form Large Units (same type). Sacred Band cannot be used with Peltasts.
Hamippoi were usually unarmoured javelinmen trained to support Greek cavalry.

VOLUME 3 - AGE OF HOPLITES 25
3.3 Spartans 700-192 BC CS Average/Good

2-8 Spartan hoplites FP 5/4 2 A 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 28/18
or Spartan hoplites FP 6/4 3 A 3/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 35/18
0-8 Perioikoi hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
4-16 Allied or mercenary
hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-4 Mercenary archers S 2 0 C 1 Short bow B 6
0-6 Helots FP 2 0 C 1 Various 4
or Freed Helots Hoplites FP 5/4 2 C 2/1 Long Spear 18/10
0-2 Skiritai S 3 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Greek cavalry
0-5 Peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
After 275BC replace allied or mercenary hoplites with
4-16 Mercenary Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
After 225BC replace Spartan Hoplites with
2-8 Spartan Pikemen FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Pike 23/14
After 223BC replace Periokoi Hoplites with
2-8 Perioikoi and
non-citizen pikemen FP 4 2 B 1 Pike 18
0-2 Bolt shooters Art 1 0 B 1 ART C 20
0-1 "Tarantine" light Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
Notes&Options
Sparta was the leading City State of the unified Greek military during the Greco-Persian Wars, in rivalry with
Athens. During the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC), Sparta was the principal enemy of Athens from which
it emerged victorious. The defeat by Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC ended Sparta’s prominent role.
Hoplites, Pikes can form Large Units (same type but Periokoi can form rear the Unit of Spartan hoplites). Cav-
alry can be used after 420 BC.
Spartans. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

3.4 Minor Greek Cities 700-275 BC CS Average

up 1/C Elite Hoplites FP 6 2 B 3 Long Spear/Hoplon 29
0-10 Allied hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
or Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
Notes&Options
This lists cover the minor Greek cities of Mainland Greece like Corinth, Megara, Argos, Messene, Tegea, Elis,
Phylus, Eretria. Hoplites can form Large Units. Elite Hoplites can form L. U. with Hoplites (with VBU 4)
3.5 Ionian Greeks 700-275 BC CS Average

1-6 Cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18/14
up 1/C Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1/2D Hoplites (front rank) FP 5 2 B 2 Long Spear/Hoplon 23
0-3 Cavalry with War Dogs CM 5 2 B 2 PBW 25
Notes&Options
This list covers the Greek City States in western coast of Anatolia, like Miletus. Hoplites can form Large Units.
Elite hoplites can form Large Units with other Hoplites (with VBU 4). Wardogs were used mostly before 500 BC.
3.6 Thessaly 700-358 BC CS Average

0-2 Thessalian nobles CM 6 3 B 3 30
or Thessalian nobles
4-10 Thessalian cavalry CM 5 3 B 2 24
or Thessalian cavalry
or Thessalian light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
2-8 Thessalian hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
up 1/2D Thessalian hoplites FP 5 2 B 2 Long Spear/Hoplon 23
0-10 Mercenary hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
Notes&Options
This list covers the Thessalian army until ther Persian occuption. Thessalian cavalry was the best in Ancient
Greece.
Hoplites of same type can form Large Units.

3.7 Magna Graecia 700-235 BC CS Average

or Cavalry with Hamippoi CM 5 2 B 2 PBW 25
0-8 Italian allies FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
This list covers the Greek City States in Southern Italy like Herakleia, Kroton or Neapolis. Syracuse, the most
famous among these cities is treated in a specific list.
Hoplites can form Large Units. Elite hoplites can form Large Units with other Hoplites (with VBU 4).
Greek hoplites. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

3.8 Thracians 700 BC-46 AD CS Poor/Average

0-2 Nobles & heavy cavalry CM 6 3 B 3 30
or Nobles & heavy cavalry
with peltasts CM 6 3 B 3 PBW 32
1-6 Light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
up 1/2D Light cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-3 Horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
up 1/2D Horse archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
up 1/2D Peltasts with Romphaia FL 5 3 B 2 20
up 1/C Elite Peltasts FL 6 3 B 3 26
or Peltasts S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
up 1/2D Peltasts S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
0-6 Peltasts FL 5 2 B 2 Long spear 22
0-6 Gymnetes S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
Notes&Options
Thracians were several tribes often fighting each other. The core troop of Thracian armies were light foot Peltasts. Horse
archers cannot outnumber Light cavalry with Javelins. Peltasts with Long spears cannot outnumber the other FL Peltasts.
Thracians. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
3.9 Illyrians 700 BC – 10 AD CS Poor/Average

14-60 Warriors S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or Warriors S 3 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Warriors FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-3 Elite Warriors FL 5 2 B 3 19
Notes&Options
Illyrians were freebooters and raiders populating the Adriatic Coast (modern Croatia and Albania). Most of their tribes
were subjugated by Romans in 148 BC but they continued to be a menace for the Mediterranean navigation for a while.

3.10 Early Achaemenid Persians 550-420 BC CS Average

0-1 Guard cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 Comp. bow C 32
2-5 Persian cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 Comp. Bow B 23
or Persian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. bow C 26
0-1 Ionian Greek cavalry CM 4 2 C 1 13
or Thracian light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Saka or Bactrians CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
0-3 Skythians CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Skythians CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-1 Arab camelry CL 3 1 C 1 Camels 14
0-2 Immortals FP 5 1 B 2 Pavise 21
or Immortals FP 5 1 A 2 Pavise 26
or Immortals T 5 1 B 2 Short bow A 24
or Immortals T 5 1 A 2 Short bow A 29
+ Immortals T 4 0 B 2 Short bow A 16
or Immortals T 4 0 A 2 Short bow A 21
3-6 Sparabara FP 4 1 B 1 Pavise 16
or Sparabara T 4 1 B 1 Short bow A 19
+ Sparabara T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-2 Assyrian or Chaldaean T 4 1 C 1 8
+ Assyrian or Chaldaean T 4 0 C 1 Short bow A 11
0-2 Lydian or Ionian
Greek hoplites FP 5 /4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-2 Thracian peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Ionian Greek peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Egyptian and
Phoenician marines FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-1 Indian archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
0-1 Saka or Bactrian archers T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-4 Mysian, Lybian and
Pysidian javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-4 Kaspian or
Skythian archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Persian and
Syrian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-1 Persian, Indian
or Lybian chariots CGP 6 4 B 2 Various 30
0-1 Scythed chariots CF 2 5 C 0 7
From 465BC replace all units of Sparabara, Assyrians or Chaldeans with
2-8 "Crescent Shield" archers T 3 0 B 1 Short bow A 13
or "Crescent Shield" archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
2-8 Takabara FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
This list covers the Achaemenid army from Cyrus the Great until the end of first Graeco-Persian War.
Immortals, Sparabara, Assyrian, Chaldaean must form Large Units with their 2nd rank.

Persian foot. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
3.11 Later Athens 450-225 BC CS Average

up 1/C Elite hoplites FP 6 3 B 3 Long Spear/Hoplon 30
or Greek cavalry
0-2 Scythian Horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Thracian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-5 Greek or Thracian
mercenary Peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
After 275 BC replace Hoplites with
4-16 Mercenary
Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
Notes&Options
This is the Athenian army from the Peloponesian War until the Peace of Nicias.
Hoplites (incl. Elite) can form Large Units. After 275 BC no Thracian or Scythian cavalry can be used.

VOLUME 4 - ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND SUCCESSORS 31
4.1 Early Macedonians 600-355 BC CS Poor/Average

2-5 Nobles CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1/2D Nobles CM 6 3 B 3 30
or Hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
6-30 Peasant levy FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
0-16 Highland peasant levy FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-8 Skirmishers S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
Notes&Options.
This lists cover the Macedonian army of the Argead Dynasty until the reform of Philip II.
4.2 Scythians 750 BC - 50 AD CS Poor/Average

1-6 Heavy cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. Bow C 26
or Heavy cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 Comp. bow C 32
or Cataphract CP1 6 3 C 3 Impetuous 22
0-6 Subject foot FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Subject foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
HELLENISTIC ALLIED CONTINGENT
0-1 Heavy cavalry CP2 6 3 B 3 30
0-1 Greek light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-6 Phalangites FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
up 1/2D Phalangites (front rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
INDIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
1-2 Elephants with escorts EL 6 3 C 3 Various 26
1-6 Archers T 4 1 B 1 Longbow B 19
or Archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
Notes&Options
Skythians were an horse archer nation from Central Asian who settled in European steppe by around 8th Cent
BC. This lists covers also the Kimmerians (750-600 BC) and Chinese Early Hu.
FP can form Large Units.

32 VOLUME 4 - ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND SUCCESSORS
4.3 Classical Indians 500-321 BC CS Poor/Average

2-8 Elephants with escort EL 5 3 C 2 Various 20
or Elephants with escort EL 6 3 C 3 Various 26
or Elephants EL 6 3 C 3 23
up 1/2D Ox or Camel wagons W 4 0 B 1 Various 13
0-5 Heavy chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 Various 30
or Light chariots CGL 5 3 B 2 Various 25
0-2 Mountain cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-1 Palace Guard FP 5 2 A 2 25
or Palace Guard FL 4 1 A 1 PBW 20
or Palace Guard FL 5 1 A 2 PBW 25
6-15 Archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
or Archers T 4 1 B 1 Longbow B 19
2-8 Foot FP 5 2 B 2 20
or Foot FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Forest archers S 2 0 C 1 Longbow B 9
0-5 Mountain archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Mountain javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-8 Levies FP 4 1 C 1 9
Notes&Options
This list covers the Indian kingdoms like the one of Porus who faced the army of Alexander the Great at the
battle of the Hydaspes in 326 BC.
Indian Elephant. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

4.4 Later Achaemenid Persians 419-329 BC CS Poor/Average

0-1 Guards cavalry CP2 6 3 B 3 30
0-2 Armenian, Bactrian,
Kappadokian CM 5 2 B 2 23
or Bactrian and Saka CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. bow C 26
1-4 Persian and Median CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Persian and Median CM 5 2 B 2 23
3-8 Colonist cavalry CM 4 2 C 1 13
or Colonist cavalry CM 5 2 C 2 18
0-1 Indian cavalry CM 4 1 C 1 12
2-4 Saka, Bactrian or
Skythians horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Saka, Bactrian or
Skythians horse archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-4 Aracosian and
Paphlagonian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-1 Guard infantry FP 5 1 A 2 Short bow A 30
or Guard infantry FP 6 2 A 3 31
2-8 Greek hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-8 Takabara FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-8 Kardaces equipped
as hoplites FP 4 2 C 1 Long Spear 13/10
or Kardaces equipped
as peltasts FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-4 Carian hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear 18
or Ionian Greek hoplites FP 4 2 C 1 Long Spear 13/10
0 -2 Thracians peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Greek peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-4 Egyptian spearmen FL 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 11/9
0-2 Indian archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
or Indian archers T 4 1 B 1 Longbow B 19
0-4 Armenian, Kappadokian,
Paphlagonian S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Cretan archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-4 Persian archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-4 Persian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-1 Elephants EL 5 3 C 2 17
0-10 Levies FP 4 1 C 1 9
Notes&Options
This list covers the Achemenid Persian armies of Darius II, Artaxerses II, Artaxerses III (who successfuly cam-
paigned in Egypt) and Darius III who lost the Empire against Alexander the Great.
Hoplites, FP Kardakes and Egyptian Spearmen can form Large Units (same type).

4.5 Alexander Macedonians 356-331 BC CS Average/Good

0-1 Agema CP2 7 3 A 3 42
1-2 Hetairoi CP2 6 3 B 2 30
0-1 Greek allied cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Greek merc. cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-1 Prodromoi CL 4 3 B 2 22
0-2 Thracian light cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-2 Greek or Paeonian CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Hypaspists FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
up 1/2D Hypaspists (front rank) FP 6 2 B 2 Long Spear 29
or Hypaspists FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Pike 22/13
up 1/2D Hypaspists (front rank) FP 6 1 B 2 Pike 28
6-18 Pezetairoi FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
up 1/2D Pezetairoi (front rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
0-8 Greek allied hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
or Greek merc. hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-2 Greek allied peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Greek merc. peltasts FL 5 1 B 2 Javelin 20
0-2 Illyrian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
1-2 Agrianian javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
0-2 Thracian or Illyrian S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Macedonian archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Rhodian slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
Notes&Options
This list covers the Macedonian army of Philip II and his son Alexander.
FP can form Large Units (same type). Hyspaspists must be all pikemen or all spearmen.
Alexander leading his Hetairoi. 28mm Wargames Foundry. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

4.6 Aetolian League 340-189 BC CS Average

1-4 Aetolian cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-10 Aetolian hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
up 1/2D Aetolian hoplites FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear/Hoplon 23
After 275BC replace peltasts with
4-16 Merc.Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 3 Long Spear 21
Notes&Options
The Aetolian League was established in opposition to Macedon and the Achaean League.
4.7 Alexander Empire 330-323 BC CS Good

0-1 Agema CP2 7 3 A 3 42
0-2 Persian cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Persian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-1 Saka or Bactrian CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Saka or Bactrian CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-2 Skythian horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Skythian horse archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-2 Aracosian/Paropamisadae CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Argyraspides FP 5/4 1 A 2/1 Pike 27/17
up 1/2D Argyraspides (front rank) FP 6 1 A 2 Pike 33
or Hypaspists FL 6 1 A 2 Long Spear 32
up 1/2D Astetairoi (front rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
or Pantodapoi FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
0-2 Persian peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Thracian or Illyrian S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Cretans or Skythian S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-2 Macedonian or Persian S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Rhodian/Persian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
INDIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
1-2 Elephants with escort EL 6 3 C 2 Various
26
or Elephants EL 6 3 C 2 23
0-1 Heavy chariots CGP 6 4 B 2 Various 30
or Light chariots CGL 5 3 B 2 Various 25
or Archers T 4 1 B 1 Longbow B 19
0-2 Foot FP 5 2 B 2 20

Notes&Options
This is the army of Alexander the Great after his succesuful campaign against the Achamenid Persians. It can
be used also for Alexanders’ regent Perdicca.
Non Indian FP can form Large Units (same type). Pantodapoi are Persian pikemen. Argyraspides and Hy-
paspists cannot be fielded together.
4.8 Alcetas and Minor Successors 323-300 BC CS Average

0-1 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
up 1/C Agema CP2 7 3 B 3 37
0-2 Asiatic cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Asiatic cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-4 Allied Greek hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
0-6 Thracian or
mercenary peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-4 Pamphylian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Pamphylian javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Only Alcetas
0-2 Pisidian light horse CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
2-10 Pisidian infantry FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Only Eastern Satraps
or Persian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-3 Asiatic Light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
2-4 Asiatic cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Asiatic cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Elephants EL 6 3 C 2 Various 26
Notes&Options
Alcetas was one of Alexander’s general and brother of Perdicca, Alexanders’s regent.
FP can form Large Units (same type).
Eastern Satrapies cannot have more than 4 Pikes or 4 hoplites.

4.9 Early Macedonian Successors 322-276 BC CS Average

up 1/C Hetairoi CP2 7 3 B 3 37
0-1 Greek allied cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
0-1 Greek merc. cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Greek/Paeonian light cav. CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-8 Raw/conscript Pezetairoi FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
0-2 Greek allied hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
1-6 Greek merc. hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-2 Greek allied peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-4 Greek merc. peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-2 Illyrian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Thracian/Illyrian jav. S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
This lists covers the armies of early successors based in Macedonia like Polyperchon, Kassandros Queen Olym-
pias, Ptolomy Keraunos and Antigonos Gonata.
4.10 Eumenes 322-316 BC CS Average

0-2 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
1-4 Kappadokian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1 Kappadokian Nobles CM 6 2 B 2 29
0-3 Paphlagonian light cav. CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-3 Skythian horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Skythian horse archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-3 Argyraspides FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Pike 22/13
up 1/2D Argyraspides (front rank) FP 6 1 B 2 Pike 28
or Argyraspides FP 5/4 1 A 2/1 Pike 27/17
up 1/2D Argyraspides (front rank) FP 6 1 A 2 Pike 33
up 4 Astetairoi (front rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
0-6 Lykian spearmen FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear 18/14
or Mercenary peltasts FL 5 1 B 2 Javelin 20


or Greek peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-6 Kappadokian or
Paphlagonian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
1-4 Pamphylian or
Mysian foot FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
or Pamphylian
or Mysian javelimen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
1-2 Persian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
Notes&Options
Eumenes of Cardia was Alexander’s military secretary and when the empire was divided he was assigned Cappa-
docia and Paphlagonia. He was betrayed by his Argyraspids during his war against Antigonus I Monophthalmus.
4.11 Antigonus Monophthalmus 322-301 BC CS Average/Good

1-3 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
0-2 Parthian horse archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Parthian horse archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
0-8 Lykian spearmen FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear 18/14
0-4 Greek peltasts FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-4 Pamphylian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
1-4 Pamphylian javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
After Alexander’s death Antigonus declared himself king establishing the Antigonid dynasty. He fought all 4
Wars of the Diadochi and was killed at the battle of Ipsus in 301 BC against the united forces of Seleucus, Lysi-
machus and Prepelaos.

4.12 Lysimachos 322-281 BC CS Average

1-3 Xystophoroi CP2 6 3 B 2 30
up 1/C Xystophoroi CP2 7 3 B 3 37
0-3 Thracian/Thessalian CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1/2D Thracian with Romphaia FL 5 3 B 2 20
0-4 Illyrian spearmen FL 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 11
or Illyrian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Illyrian javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
After Alexander’s death in 323 BC, Lysimachos was appointed governor of Thrace and joined Cassander, Ptole-
my and Seleucus against Antigonus. Later, against the growing power of Seleucos, he joined Ptolemy and mar-
ried his daughter. He allied with Phyrrus against Demetrius and in 281 BC was killed in the battle of Corupe-
dium, the last battle of the Diadochi, won by Seleucos.
4.13 Maurya Empire 321-180 BC CS Average

1-6 Elephants with escort EL 6 3 C 3 Various 26
up 1/2D Ox or Camel wagons W 4 0 B 1 Various 13
0-4 Light chariots CGL 5 3 B 2 Various 25
0-2 Mountain cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-1 Palace Guard FP 5 2 A 2 25
or Palace Guard FL 4 1 A 1 Javelin 20
or Palace Guard FL 5 1 A 2 Javelin 25
2-4 Foot FP 5 2 B 2 20
0-4 Indo Greek infantry FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
or Indo Greek pikemen FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
0-2 Forest archers S 2 0 C 1 Longbow B 9
0-4 Mountain archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Mountain javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10

Notes&Options
Chandragupta Maurya founded his empire in northwest India by expanded his power by conquering the sa-
traps left by Alexander the Great. Maurya defeated Seleucids in around 305 BC, later establishing good rela-
tionship with Seleucus providing him 500 war elephants.
Indo Greek FP can form Large Units.
4.14 Early Ptolemaic 320-276 BC CS Average

0-1 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
1-2 Cavalry CP2 6 3 B 2 30
0-2 Greek merc. Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-3 Tarantines CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Foot Agema FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Pike 22/13
up 1/2D Foot Agema (front rank) FP 6 1 B 2 Pike 28
or Foot Agema FP 5/4 1 A 2/1 Pike 27/17
up 1/2D Foot Agema (front rank) FP 6 1 A 2 Pike 33
0-4 Mercenary Hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
3-12 Peltasts Thracians FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-3 Rhodian Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-3 Cilician/other javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-3 Jewish and Beduin
military settlers FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Beduin camelry CL 3 1 C 1 Short bow B/Camels 17
Notes&Options
Ptolemy was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander’s death. In 305 BC, he declared himself Ptolemy I, and
successor to the pharaohs. Ptolemy’s family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 BC.
4.15 Early Seleucids 320-205 BC CS Average

0-1 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
1-4 Cavalry CP2 6 3 B 2 30
0-2 Asiatic cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19


up 1/2D Elephants with escort EL 6 3 C 2 Various 26
0-6 Peltasts, Thracians FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-2 Thorakitai FL 6 1 B 2 Long Spear 27
0-4 Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
0-4 Galatians FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
up 1/2D Veteran Galatians FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
0-1 Galatians CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-1 Kappadocians FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-8 Asiatic archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
or Asiatic slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-2 Levies FP 3 1 C 1 6
Notes&Options
After the death of Alexander, Seleucos I Nicator supported Perdicca and eventually betrayed him. His victories
against Antigonus and Lysimachus left the Seleucid dynasty virtually unopposed in Asia and in Anatolia.
Argyraspides, Phalangites, Galatians can form Large Units (same type).
Thorakitai and Thureophoroi can be used only from 275 BC.
Galatians can be used only from 245 BC.
4.16 Demetrius 294-285 BC CS Average/Good

0-2 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
2-8 Greek hoplites FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 18/14
or Mercenary hoplites FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-2 Marines on foot FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Marines on foot T 3 1 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-2 Pirates on foot FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
or Pirates on foot FL 4 2 C 1 9
0-4 Greek javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Stone throwers ART 1 0 B 1 ART C 20
Notes&Options
Demetrius Poliorcetes (“the Besieger”) was the son of Antigonus I Monophthalmus. Contrary to his father he
survived the battle of Ipsus (301 BC) and became king of Macedonia in 294 BC. After an unfortunate campaign
in Asia he surrendered to Seleucus. FP can form Large Units.

4.17 Achaean League 280-146 BC CS Average

1-3 Achaean cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Reformed Achaean cav. CM 5 2 B 2 23
After 208 BC
0-3 "Tarantine" light cav. CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
6-20 Citizen Phalangites FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
up 1/2D Citizen Phalangites
(front rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
0-5 Illyrian mercenaries FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-3 Mercenary Thorakitai FL 6 1 B 3 Long Spear 27
Notes&Options
This list covers what is also known as the second Achean League, created in 280 BC to oppose to Antigonid
Macedon. The League allied with Romans who dissolved it once they took control of Greece in 146 BC.
FP can form Large Units. After 208 BC, maximum of 6 Thureophoroi can be used with no minimum.
4.18 Middle Ptolemaic 276-168 BC CS Average

0-1 Agema CP2 6 3 B 2 30
1-2 Cavalry CP2 6 3 B 2 30
or Greek merc. cav.
with felt horse armour CM 6 1 B 2 28
up 1/2D Foot Agema (front rank) FP 6 1 B 2 Pike 28
or Foot Agema FP 5/4 1 A 2/1 Pike 27/17
up 1/2D Foot Agema (front rank) FP 6 1 A 2 Pike 33
0(4)-12 Egyptian and
Libyan Phalangites FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
0-2 Jewish and Beduin
military settlers FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-1 Beduin Camelry CL 3 1 C 1 Short bow B/Camels 17
up 1/2D Galatians FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
or Cretans S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
or Rhodian Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14


AETOLIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
1-2 Aetolian Cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
Notes&Options
Under Ptolemy II and his heirs Ptolemaics fought 6 wars against the Seleucids (Syrian Wars). The defeat after
the Sixth Syrian War left the Ptolemaic monarchy’s prestige seriously diminished leading to dynastic conflicts.
Pikemen and Galatians can form Large Units (same type).
4.19 Attalid Pergamene 263-129 BC CS Average

1-4 Cavalry CP2 6 3 B 2 30
up 1/C Cavalry CP2 7 3 B 3 37
0-8 Citizen infantry FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
5-12 Merc. Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
or Mercenary javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
up 1/2D Mercenary javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
1-4 Trallian slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-6 Mysians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
After 190BC
1-2 Cataphracts
(ex Seleucids) CP1 6 3 B 2 28
2-8 Phalangites
(ex Seleucids) FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
up 1/2D Phalangites 1st Rank
(ex Seleucids) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
Notes&Options
Pergamon was a Greek city that became the capital of a kingdom under the Attalid dynasty. Attalids became
loyal supporters of Rome against the Macedonians. When Attalus III died without an heir in 133 BC, he be-
queathed the whole of Pergamon to Rome.
Galatians and Pikemen can form Large Units (same type).

4.20 Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom 250-130 BC CS Average

0-2 Greek cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. bow C 26
1-6 Iranian lancers CP2 6 3 C 2 Impetuous 24
or Iranian cataphracts CP1 6 3 B 2 28
up 1/3D Iranian cataphracts CP1 7 3 B 3 35
0-4 Arachosians CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Skythians CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. Bow B 22
2-6 Bactrian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. bow C 26
or Bactrian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
up 1/2D Bactrian cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
or Peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
0-2 Euzonoi S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or Euzonoi S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
or Cretan archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-4 Mountain Indian archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
or Mountain Indian archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
2-4 Mountain Indian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 11
0-1 Elephants EL 6 3 C 2 Various 26
Notes&Options
In 250 BC Bactrian Greek cities revolted to the Seleucids and established an independent kingdom.
Phalangites can form Large Units. Infantry compulsory minimuns apply only if any infantry is used.
Elephants if used must be fielded in a Command including also infantry.
4.21 Galatians 250 BC-25 AD CS Poor/Average

up 1/C Chariots CGL 5 1 B 3 Various 23
8-30 Warriors FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
up 1/2D Warriors FP 5 4 C 3 Impetuous 16
0-2 Pisidian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-10 Pisidian infantry FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Cappadocians
and Paphlagonians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
After 64 BC change Warriors with
0-10 Warriors FP 4 2 B 1 15
up 1/2D Warriors FP 5 2 B 3 20
4-12 Imitation Legionnaries FP 5 2 B 3 Pilum 22
Notes&Options
Galatians were celtic tribes that invaded Greece, Thrace and Asia Minor from 280 BC. They were eventually
defeated by the Seleucid king Antiochus I. The migration led to the establishment of a long-lived Galatian ter-
ritory in central Anatolia. After 64 BC no Pisidians or chariots can be used. Warriors can form Large Units.

4.22 Early Parthian 247-209 BC CS Average

2-8 Hyrcanian/Parthian cav. CM 4 2 B 1 18
up 3 Hyrcanian/Parthian cav. CM 5 2 B 3 23
0(4)-15 Hyrcanian foot FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Hyrcanian foot FP 5/4 2 B 3/1 20/12
0(2)-5 Mountain Tribes FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Mountain Tribes S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or Mountain Tribes S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
Notes&Options
Parthia was a Seleucid satrapy that in 247 BC took independence under its first king Arsaces. This list covers
the Parthian army until 209 BC when Seleucids temporarly re-occupied the region.
FP can form Large Units.
4.23 Indo Greek Kingdom 180-10 BC CS Average

0-2 Indian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 Comp. bow C 26
0-2 Indian cavalry CM 4 1 B 1 17
or Indian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-2 Arachosians CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
or Peltasts FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Cretan archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-4 Mountain Indian archers T 3 1 C 1 Longbow B 11
or Mountain Indian archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-4 Mountain Indian foot FL 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 11
2-4 Indian javelinmen FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
3-8 Indian archers T 3 1 B 1 Longbow B 16
or Indian archers T 4 1 B 1 Longbow B 19
1-3 Indian elephants EL 6 3 C 3 Various 26
0-2 Euzonoi S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or Euzonoi S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
Notes&Options
The Indo Greek Kingdom was founded (in what is now modern Afghanistan) by the Greaco Bactrian king Dem-
etrius. The kindgom saw a great expansion towards India under king Menander.
Pikemen can form Large Units.

46 VOLUME 5 - ROME AND ITALY
5.1 Early Etruscan League 600-396 BC CS Average

up 1/C Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Scouts CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
3-10 Elite or 1st Class Foot FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear 23
8-36 2nd and 3rd Class Foot FP 4 1 C 1 9
0-2 Axemen S 3 3 B 1 15
0-6 Peasant Militia FP 3 1 C 1 6
Notes&Options
The league was an alliance of 12 Etruscan cities. This list covers the Etruscan army until the fall of Veii to the
Romans (396 BC). Foot didn’t fight in deep formation hence they cannot form Large Units. Generals could be
depicted on a 2 horsed chariot.
5.2 Early Romans 600-400 BC CS Poor/Average

10-48 Warbands FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
up 1/2D Warbands FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
Every 3 Warbands can be exchanged with
1 1st Class Foot FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear 23
1 2nd-3rd Class Foot FP 4 2 B 1 Long Spear 14
1 4th Class Foot S 2 0 C 1 Javelin 5
or 4th Class Foot FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
LATIN ALLIED CONTINGENT
4-16 Hoplites FP 4 1 B 1 Long Spear 17/13
Notes&Options
This is the army of the Roman monarchy from Servius Tullius, the legendary sixth king of Rome and second
of its Etruscan dynasty until the reform of Marcus Furius Camillus, honoured as the the Second Founder of
Rome, after the battle of the Allia (390 BC). 1st Class foot and 2nd-3rd Foot must form Large Units. Warbands and
Hoplites can form Large Units (same type).
5.3 Campanian 500-203 BC CS Poor/Average
After 275 BC replace Hoplites and Warriors with
4-20 Hastati/Princeps FP 5/4 2 B 3/1 Pilum 22/13
1-5 Triarii FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear 23
Notes&Options
Campanians were part of the Osci nation and were subjugated by Rome in 340 BC. From 275 BC they adopted
the Roman tactics and equipment. Hoplites can form large Units. Hastati can form Large Units with Princeps.

VOLUME 5 - ROME AND ITALY 47
5.4 Apulian, Lucan, Bruttian 500-203 BC CS Poor/Average

5.3
1-3
0-6
Apulian,
(6) LightLucan,
Cavalry
Elite Warriors
Bruttian
CL 500-203
3 1
FL 5 2 B 3
BC
B 1 Javelin
PBW
CS Poor19/ Average
21
8-32
0-3 Warriors
Cavalry FL
CM 45 12 B B 13 Javelin 15
23
1-8
1-3 Javelinmen
Light Cavalry S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
(If Lucan or Bruttian) CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
This
1-6 list covers the main Italian
Light Cavalry tribes (Campanian and Samnites have a list on their own), neighbours, some-
times
allies, sometimes enemies of Rome
(If Apulian) CL until
3 the end1 of theBSecond
1Punic
War. Maximum of Light19Cavalry is
Javelin
30-6
for
Lucan andElite
Bruttian and 6 for Apulian.
Warriors FL 5 2 B 3 PBW 21
Notes&Options
This lists covers the main Italian tribes (Campanians and Samnites have a list on their own) neighbours, some-
times allied, sometimes enemies of Rome until the end of the 2nd Punic War.
Hoplites. 28mm Victrix. Photo and collection Antonio Dimichele.
5.5 Syracuse 410-210 BC CS Average

0-2 Tyrant Bodyguard
Hoplites FP 6/4 2 A 3/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 34/18
0-4 Greek and
Campanian Cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-4 Sicilian and Tarantine
Light Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
2-6 Peltasts, Italian and
Spanish mercenaries FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-6 Gallic Mercenaries FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Vet. Gallic Mercenaries FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
1-6 Citizen Javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Bolt Shooters ART 1 0 B 1 Art C 20
Notes&Options
Syracuse became the main Greek city state in Magna Graecia. At its maximum extent it controlled the Eastern
part of Sicily until the city was captured by Romans in 210 BC. Gallic Mercenaries and Thureophoroi can be
used after 275BC. Gallic Mercenaries, Hoplites, Bodyguard can form Large Units (same type).

5.6 Later Etruscan League 400-280 BC CS Average

2-6 Hoplites with pila FP 5 2 B 3 Pilum 22
8-18 Hoplites FP 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 12/9
up 6 Hoplites FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear 23
0-2 Elite FP 5 2 B 3 Long Spear 23
0-1 Axemen S 3 3 B 1 15
0-4 Peasant Militia FP 3 1 C 1 6
GALLIC ALLIED CONTINGENT
3-10 Warbands FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Veteran Warbands FL 5 4 C 3 Impetuous 15
SAMNITE ALLIED CONTINGENT
4-12 Foot FL 5 1 B 3 PBW 20
Notes&Options
This list covers the Etruscan League army from the fall of Veii to the Romans until the total subjection.
Hoplites with Long Spear, Gallic Warbands can form Large Units (same type).
Etruscans. 28mm Aventine Miniatures. Jeff Smiths collection, photo Nathan Vinson

VOLUME 6 - ROME AND ITALY 49
5.7 Early Republican Romans 400-275 BC CS Average

2-5 LEGIONS
4 Hastati and Principes FP 5/4 2 B 3/1 Pilum/Long Spear 22/13
1 Triarii FP 5 2 A 3 Long Spear 28
1 Leves S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-5 Italian Infantry
and Accensi FP 4 1 C 1 Long Spear 12
0-5 Rorarii S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or Rorarii S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-1 Foot with
incendiary pigs S 2 0 C 1 Various 6
Notes&Options
This is the army of the Republic of Rome from the reform of Marcus Furius Camillus until the end of the war
with Pyrrhus. Hastati, who formed the first line, were armed with Long Spear, while Principes, the second line,
were armed with pilum. FP can interpenetrate each other.
Hastati and Principes can form Large Units. If you don’t deploy them in Large Units you should take them in
equal number, half Hastati with Long Spear and half Principes with Pilum. If you deploy them in Large Units
then the Long Spear is dropped.
A legion (except Triarii) cannot be split into different Commands.
Later Estruscans. 28mm Aventine Miniatures. Jeff Smiths collection, photo Nathan Vinson

5.8 Samnites 355-272 BC CS Average

6-24 Foot FL 5 2 B 2 PBW 21
0-8 Elite Foot FL 6 2 B 3 PBW 27
GALLIC ALLIED CONTINGENT
up 1/3D Warbands FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
ETRUSCAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
4-8 Hoplites FP 4 1 B 1 Long Spear 17/13
0-2 Hoplites FP 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 22
0-2 Hoplites with pila FP 5 2 B 2 Pilum 22
HILL TRIBES ALLIED CONTINGENT
4-12 Foot FL 4 2 C 1 9
0-2 Elite FL 5 2 B 2 19
Notes&Options
The Samnite confederation consisted of four tribes: the Hirpini, Caudini, Caraceni and Pentri. They were the
most formidable Italian opponent to Rome with which they fought three wars (343–341 BC, 326–304 BC and
298–290 BC).
Hoplites with Long Spear and Warbands can form Large Units (same type).
5.9 Pyrrhic 300-262 BC CS Average/Good

0-2 Epirote and Macedonian CP2 6 3 B 3 30
1-3 Greek or Italian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-3 Tarantine or Greek CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
2-8 Italiote Hoplites FP 4 1 B 1 Long Spear/Hoplon 17/13
up 1/2D Phalangites (1st rank) FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
0-6 Thracians, Illyrians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-6 Oscan Foot FL 4 1 B 1 13
up 1/2D Oscan Foot FL 5 1 B 2 18
Notes&Options
Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, was considered one of the best generals during the War of the Diadochi, allied with
Demetrius first and Ptolemy later. In 280 BC, coming to the aid of Tarentum, he invaded Italy declaring war to
Rome. Italiot and Oscan’s cannot be used with Galatians.
Phalangites, Hoplites, Galatians can form Large Units (same type).

VOLUME 6 - ROMAN EXPANSION 51
6.1 Early Carthaginians 550-238 BC CS Average/Good

0-6 Carthaginian chariots CGP 6 4 B 3 27
0-1 Citizen cavalry CM 4 1 B 1 17
0-3 Etruscans or Campanians CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-3 Numidian cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-4 Sacred Band FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
or Sacred Band FP 6/4 2 B 3/1 Long Spear 29/14
6-12 Lybian spearmen
or Greek Mercenaries FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear/Hoplon 23/14
0-12 Punic citizens FP 4 2 C 1 10/8
0-4 Spanish Mercenaries FL 5 2 B 2 PBW 21
0-4 Gallic or Celtiberians
warriors FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Gallic or Celtiberians
warriors FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
2-8 Libyans, Moorish
or Spanish S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-3 Balearic slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
Notes&Options
Carthage was a Phoenician colony who became the most important trading hub of the Mediterranean Sea and
Rome’s most dangerous rival. This list covers the Carthaginian army until the end of the Mercenary War. The
Carthagianin army was composed mostly by mercenaries and they revolted in 241 BC just after the end of the
first Punic War. FP with Long spear and Gallic/Celtiberians warriors can form Large Units (same type). Hop-
lon is for Greek mercenaries. Elephants cannot be used with Chariots or Sacred Band.
6.2 Gauls 400-50 BC CS Poor

up 1/C Chariots CGL 5 2 B 2 Various 24
up 1/C Soldurii Elite FP 6 4 C 3/1 Impetuous 22
up 1/3D Warriors FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
or Warriors FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
up 1/2D Warriors FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
0-12 Civilians FP 2 0 C 1 1
0-12 Fortifications FOR 5
Notes&Options
This lists covers the Celt tribes that populated France and North Italy until their final subjugation by Caesar.
Chariots can be used only up to 100 BC.
Warriors can form Large Units. Soldurii can form Large Unit (front rank ) with Warriors FP (with VBU 4).
Warriors can be all FL or all FP.

52 VOLUME 6 - ROMAN EXPANSION
6.3 Bithynia 376 - 74 BC CS Poor/Average

0-4 Lancers CP2 5 3 B 2 24
up 1/C Lancers CP2 6 3 B 3 30
12-40 Warriors FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
From 264 BC replace Warriors with
up 1/2D Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
0-4 Thracian Mercenaries FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
Notes&Options
Bithynia was a minor kingdom of Anatolia who got independence from the Persians in 376 BC. It had a role in
the Mithridatic Wars and ended, like Pontus, to become a Roman province.
6.4 Early Armenians 331 BC-251 AD CS Poor/Average

1-8 Cataphracts CP1 6 3 B 2 28
up 1/C Nobles CP1 7 3 B 3 35
up 1/3D Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
0-3 Hiberian infantry FL 4 1 B 1 PBW 15
Tigranes the Great (83-69 BC)
0-6 Pikemen FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
0-4 Roman style Infantry FP 5 1 B 2 Pilum 21
Notes&Options
The maximum extension of Armenia was under Tigranes the Great. Under his rule the kingdom of Armenia
became the strongest state to Rome’s east at the expense of Parthians and Selucids. Tigrane alliance with Mith-
ridates lead him to fight against Rome. Tigranes surrendered to Pompey in 66 BC. Tigranes continued to rule
Armenia as a formal ally of Rome until his death in 55 BC. The list covers the Armenian army until the Sas-
sanid occupation.
Pikemen can form Large Units.

6.5 Later Macedonians 276-168 BC CS Average/Good

1-3 Macedonian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1/C Macedonian cavalry CM 6 2 B 3 29
0-3 Thracian/Galatian cav. CM 5 2 B 2 23
or Thracian/Galatian cav. CM 4 2 B 1 18
0-1 Illyrian cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-4 Agema FP 5/4 1 B 2/1 Pike 22/13
up 1/2D Agema (front rank) FP 6 1 B 3 Pike 28
4-12 Illyrians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Thracians FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
or Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long Spear 21
0-4 Thorakitai FL 6 1 B 3 Long Spear 27
(0)6-12 Galatians FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
0-6 Agrianians S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
up 1/2D Agrianians S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
0-1 Artillery Art 1 0 B 1 ART C 20
Notes&Options
This list covers the last period of the Macedonian kingdom until the wars with Rome (214-148 BC).
FP and Galatians can form Large Units.
Hellenistic phalanx. 28mm various manufacturers. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.

6.6 Middle Republican Romans 264-146 BC CS Average/Good

2-8 LEGIONS
0-1 Roman/Italian cavalry CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Roman/Italian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
2-4 Hastati and Principes FP 6/4 2 B 3/1 Pilum 28/13
or Hastati and Principes FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Pilum 22/13
0-1 Triarii FP 6 2 A 3 Long Spear 34
1-2 Velites S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
OR VETERAN LEGIONS OR EXTRAORDINARII
0-1 Roman/Italian cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
2-4 Hastati and Principes FP 6/4 2 A 3/1 Pilum 33/17
0-1 Triarii FP 6 2 A 3 Long Spear 34
OR RAW OR PENAL LEGIONS
2-4 Hastati and Principes FP 5/4 2 C 2/1 Pilum 17/9
0-1 Triarii FP 5 2 B 2 Long Spear 23
Non Legion troops
0-2 Italian, Gallic or
Spanish cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Numidians, Illyrians
or Tarentines CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-6 Italians FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
or Italians FL 5 2 B 2 19
0-4 Illyrians, Spanish,
Thracians, Macedonians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-4 Gallic warriors FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
or Gallic warriors FP 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 11/9
NUMIDIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT (AFRICA ONLY)
or Light cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
or Javelinmen FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
CELTIBERIAN OR IBERIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT (SPAIN ONLY)
0-1 Nobles CM 5 2 B 2 23
2-4 Celtiberian Scutarii FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10
or Iberian Scutarii FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Iberian Scutarii FP 5 1 B 2 19
1-3 Caetrati S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
AETOLIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT


PERGAMENE ALLIED CONTINGENT
1-2 Lancers CP2 6 3 B 3 30
1-3 Peltasts S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Notes&Options
This list covers the Roman army involved in the Punics Wars. I also covers the wars with Macedonia (214-148
BC) and Seleucids (192-188 BC).
Legionary FP can interpenetrate each other. Hastati and Princeps can form Large Units.
A legion (except Triarii) cannot be split into different Commands.
Gallic warriors can form Large Units. Gallic warriors can only be used in Italy before 202 BC. Italian FP can
form Large Units. Aetolian and Pergamon allies can be used together.
Roman legionaries (Principes). 28mm Aventine. Photo and collection Stefano Gardini.
6.7 Celtiberians 240-20 BC CS Poor

0-1 Scutarii Elite FL 6 4 C 3 Impetuous 21
8-36 Celtiberian Scutarii FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Veteran Celt. Scutarii FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
Notes&Options
Celtiberians were celts populating the central-eastern Iberian peninsula. They were the most influential ethnic
group in Iberia when Carthage and Rome started its conquest.
Scutarii can form Large Units.

6.8 Iberian and Lusitanians 240-20 BC CS Poor

up 2 Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-6 Mercenary celtiberians FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Vet. Merc. celtiberians FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
IBERIANS
0-6 Scutarii Elite FL 6 3 B 3 PBW 28
5-18 Scutarii FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
or Veteran Scutarii FL 5 2 B 2 PBW 21
LUSITANIANS
0-2 Heavy Caetrati Elite FL 6 1 B 3 PBW 26
3-8 Heavy Caetrati FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
This list covers the ancient non celtic Spanish peoples that populated the Iberian peninsula. Since 193 BC, the
Lusitanians had been fighting the Romans alone in Hispania.
Celtiberians can form Large Units.
Spanish scutarii. 28mm Aventine. Photo and collection Stefano Gardini.

6.9 Later Carthaginians 237-146 BC CS Average/Good

0-2 Carthaginian veteran cav. CM 5 2 B 2 23
up 1/C Carthaginian veteran cav. CM 6 2 B 3 29
2-6 Gallic, Spanish, Campanian CM 5 2 B 2 23
or Gallic or Spanish cav CM 4 2 B 1 18
1-4 Numidian cavalry CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-3 Iberian or Tarentine
light cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
0-6 Lybian veterans FP 6/4 2 A 3/1 Long Spear 34/18
or Lybian veteran
legionary style FP 6 2 A 3 31
or Lybian veteran
legionary style FP 6 2 A 3 Pilum 33
2-6 Lybian spearmen FP 5/4 2 B 2/1 Long Spear 23/14
2-6 Spanish Scutarii FL 5 1 B 2 PBW 20
or Spanish Scutarii
legionary style FP 5 2 B 2 Pilum 22
up 1/3D Gallic warriors FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
up 1/2D Gallic warriors FP 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 16
0-4 Celtib. or vet. Gauls FL 5/4 4 C 2/1 Impetuous 15/8
0-4 Mago mercenaries FL 5 2 B 2 PBW 21
0-2 Samnites or Brutians FL 5 2 B 2 19
or Oscans or Lucans FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-2 Ligurians FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-6 Punic Citizens FP 4 2 C 1 10
0-2 Campanian hoplites FP 5 2 B 2 Long Spear 23
or Campanians leg. style FP 5 2 B 2 20
0-2 Spanish Caetrati S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
0-4 Libians or Numidians S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
0-2 Moorish archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
0-2 Balearic slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
CELTIBERIAN OR IBERIAN ALLIED CONTINGENT
0-1 Nobles CM 5 2 B 2 23
2-4 Celtiberian Scutarii FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Celtiberian Scutarii FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
up 1/3D Iberian Scutarii FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
up 1/3D Iberian Scutarii FL 5 1 B 2 PBW 20
or Iberian Scutarii FP 5 1 B 2 PBW 21
Notes&Options
This list covers the Carthaginian army during the second and third Punic Wars. Lybian citizens and more than
2 Elephants can be used only in Africa. Iberian or Celtiberian Ally cannot be used with Lybian Veterans (FP).
Libyan Spearmen, Lybian Veterans with Long Spear, Celtiberians or Gallic FP/FL can form Large Units with
same type. After 202 BC use only Carthaginians, Lybians, Punic citizens and Moors.

6.10 Numidians 215-148 BC CS Poor/Average

5-20 Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
up 1/C Bodyguard CL 5 1 B 3 Javelin 27
or Javelinmen FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
up 1/2D Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-8 Roman trained infantry FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
Numidians had one of the best light cavalry of the Ancient world. They served as mercenaries both with
Carthaginians and Romans.
Numidian cavalry. 28mm various manufacturers. Photo and collection Stefano Gardini
6.11 Middle Parthian 209 - 53 BC CS Average

up 1/C Cataphracts CP1 7 3 B 3 35
0-6 Hyrcanian foot FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16/12
or Hyrcanian foot FP 5 2 B 2 20
0-4 Mountain tribes FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0(2)-6 Phalangites FP 4 1 B 1 Pike 17/13
0-6 City Militia FL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 7
or City Militia T 3 0 C 1 Short bow A 8
0-8 Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short Bow B 11
Notes&Options
This list covers the Parthian army from the independence from the Seleucids until the battle of Carrhae when
they defeated the Roman army lead by Crassus. Pikemen, Hyrcanian FP can form Large Units (same type).

6.12 Later Seleucids 205-83 BC CS Average

0-1 Agema Cataphracts CP1 7 3 B 3 35
or all Skythians CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
up 1/2D African Elephants EL 5 3 C 2 Various 20
or all Elephants EL 6 3 C 2 23
up 1/2D Elephants EL 6 3 C 2 Various 26
0-6 Thracians and Asiatic jav. FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-4 Thureophoroi FL 5 1 B 2 Long spear 21
0-2 Thorakitai FL 6 1 B 2 Long spear 27
0-8 Asiatic archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
or Asiatic slingers S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
0-2 Levies FP 3 1 C 1 6
0-2 City militia light cav. CL 3 1 C 1 12
or all City militia cavalry CM 4 2 C 1 13
0-12 City militia FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
After 167 BC
0-4 Imitation Legionaries FP 6 1 B 2 Pilum 27
Notes&Options
This list covers the Seleucids army from the Fifth Syrian War (against the Ptolemaic Kingdom) until the final
defeat against the Romans.
Pikes and FL Galatians can form Large Units (same type). Imitation Legionaries replace Argyraspides Units.
6.13 Later Ptolemaic 169-30 BC CS Average

1-3 Xystophoroi CP2 6 3 B 3 30
0(4)-16 Egyptian and
Libyan Phalangites FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
0-1 Beduin Camelry CL 3 1 C 1 Short bow B/Camels 17
or Beduin Camelry CL 3 1 C 1 Javelin/Camels 16


or Cretans S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
or Rhodian Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-3 Roman style infantry
(up to 56 BC) FP 5 2 B 2 Pilum 22
2-6 Roman style infantry
(after 56 BC) FP 5 2 B 2 Pilum 22
0-2 Thracians FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
After 56BC
3-8 Cilicians or Syrians FL 4 2 B 1 Long Spear 17
Notes&Options
This list covers the last period of the Ptolemaic kingdom until the death of Cleopatra VII, last ruler of the dynasty.
After her death Alexandria remained the capital of the country, but Egypt itself became a Roman province.
Pikes and Galatians can form Large Units (same type).
After 56 BC no Elephants are allowed and Pike minima and maxima are 0-6.
6.14 Later Numidians 148-25 BC CS Poor/Average

5-20 Cavalry CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
up 1/C Bodyguard CL 5 1 B 3 Javelin 27
up 1/2D Javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
or Javelinmen FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
up 1/2D Slingers S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
0-8 Roman trained infantry FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Jugurtha (118-105 BC)
0-8 Gaetuli allies/merc. FL 4 1 C 1 Javelin 10
0-1 Ligurian deserters FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
Juba I (55-46 BC)
0-2 Gallic/Spanish Guard CM 5 2 B 3 23
Bogud (49-32 BC)
0-8 Scutarii FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Bocchus or Tacfarinas
Notes&Options
This list covers the Numidian armies from the end of the the Punic Wars until Juba II became a cli-
ent king of Rome. Jugurtha’s usurpation of the throne led to the war against Rome (Jugurthine War).
Juba I was an allied of Pompey and in war with Julius Caesar. Bocchus I and his son Bogud were allied with
Caesar, Bogud later supported Mark Antony. Tacfarinas was a Numidian Berber deserter from the Roman army.

6.15 Spartacus and Slave Revolts 135 - 71 BC CS Poor

0-1 Light cavalry CL 3 1 C 1 Javelin 14
0-3 Gladiators FP 6 3 C 3 22
6-20 Ex Slaves in
Roman armour FP 4 2 B 1 15
up 5 Ex Slaves in
Roman armour FP 5 2 B 2 20
10-24 Ex Slaves Mob FL 3 2 C 1 6/5
GALLIC AND GERMANS CONTINGENT
0-3 Gaul/German cavalry CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-4 Gauls FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
0-4 Germans FP 5/4 4 C 2/1 Impetuous 16/9
Notes&Options
Slaves revolted against Rome three times. The first two Servile Wars spread in Siciliy from 135 to 132 BC and
from 104 to 100 BC, while the third, also known as the Gladiator War, started in mainland Italy in 73 BC and
was lead by Spartacus. Slaves Mob, Gallic foot and German foot can form Large Units (same type).
Celts. 28mm various manufacturers. John Maguire’s collection. Photo Nathan Vinson.
6.16 Cimbri and Teutoni 113-101 BC CS Poor

up 1/3D Veteran Warbands FL 5 4 C 3 Impetuous 15
up 4 Javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
up 1 Archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
Notes&Options
Julius Caesar called them Germans while some considered them Celts. They fought Rome from 113 until they
were defeated by Gaius Marius in 101 BC. Warbands can form Large Units.

6.17 Later Republican Roman 105 - 25 BC CS Average/Good

0-3 Italians, Gauls, Spanish CM 4 2 B 1 18
or Italians, Gauls, Spanish CM 5 2 B 2 23
0-2 Numidian, Spanish,
Thracian, Illyrian CL 3 1 B 1 Javelin 19
or Numidian, Spanish,
Thracian, Illyrian CL 4 1 B 2 Javelin 22
0-1 Syrian Horse Archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
or Syrian Horse Archers CL 4 1 B 2 Comp. bow B 25
5-16 Legionaries FP 6 2 B 3 Pilum 28
or Veteran Legionaries FP 6 2 A 3 Pilum 33
or Raw Legionaries FP 5 2 C 2 Pilum 17
0-1 Gladiators FP 5 1 B 2 19
0-4 Spanish/Illyrian/Ligurian FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
up 1/2D Spanish/Illyrian/Ligurian FL 5 1 B 2 PBW 20
0-2 Rhaetian/Thracian Aux. FL 4 2 B 1 Javelin 16
up 1/2D Rhaetian, Thracian Aux. FL 5 2 B 2 PBW 21
1-6 German, Numidian, Greek
or Spanish Javelinmen S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
or German, Numidian, Greek
or Spanish Javelinmen S 3 0 B 1 Javelin 12
or Balearic/Greek/Numidian S 2 0 B 1 Sling 12
or Balearic/Greek/Numidian S 3 0 B 1 Sling 14
or Numidian, Syrian,
Gallic or Greek Archers S 2 0 B 1 Short bow B 11
or Numidian, Syrian,
Gallic or Greek Archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-1 Cretan Archers S 3 0 B 1 Short bow B 13
0-2 Scorpio, Baliistae ART 1 0 B 1 ART B 15
0-6 Fortifications FOR 5
0-1 Velites (before 80 BC) S 2 0 B 1 Javelin 10
Cassius and Brutus Alliance (42 BC)
1-4 Eastern or Thracian
Horse Archers CL 3 1 B 1 Comp. bow B 22
0-2 Eastern Foot Archers T 4 0 B 1 Short bow A 16
Notes&Options
This lists covers the Roman army from the reform of Gaius Marius until the end of the Roman Republic. It is
the army of Marius, Sulla, Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar.
Elephants and horse archers cannot be used together.
Legionaries can interpenetrate each other.
Roman Artillery special rule.

6.18 Pontic 110-47 BC CS Poor/Average

0-3 Heavy Cavalry CP2 5 3 B 2 24
up 1/C Heavy Cavalry CP2 6 3 B 3 30
0-2 Bosporans/Rhoxolani CP2 6 3 C 3 Impetuous 24
up 1/2D Front rank Phalangites FP 5 1 B 2 Pike 22
or Phalangites FP 4 1 C 1 Pike 12/9
up 1/2D Front rank Phalangites FP 5 1 C 2 Pike 17
0-2 Bastarnae FL 5 5 C 2 Impetuous 16
0-2 Imitation legionaries FP 5 1 C 2 Pilum 16
0-6 Thureophoroi/Thracians FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
Notes&Options
The kingdom of Pontus was an hellenistic kingdom centered in Anatolia. It reached his height under Mithri-
dates VI one of the major opponents of the Roman Republic.
After 84 BC all Phalangites change to Imitation legionaries with new maxima of 12 Units.
Phalangites and Galatians can form Large Units(same type).
6.19 Sertorius's Lusitanians 80-72 BC CS Average

0-1 Moorish Bodyguard CL 4 2 B 2 Javelin 23
0-4 Legionaries FP 6 2 B 3 Pilum 28
1-4 Heavy Caetrati FL 4 1 B 1 Javelin 15
0-6 Mercenary Celtiberians FL 4 4 C 1 Impetuous 10/8
up 1/3D Veteran Mercenary
Celtiberians FL 5 4 C 2 Impetuous 15
Notes&Options
Quintus Sertorius was a Roman general who ruled the Iberian peninsula. He was a member of the populist fac-
tion of Cinna and Marius and thus proscribed and oulawed by Sulla but he never surrendered to Roman Senate
and fought his personal war against Rome.
Celtiberians can form Large Units.

This page, top: Numidian foot. 28mm Renegade. Side: Ro-
man Command base. 28mm Aventine.
Photos and collection Stefano Gardini.
Bottom: Greek/Hellenistic archers. 20mm Newline Design.
Photo and collection Tony Emery.
Next page: Top, 15mm New Kingdom Egyptians (Gladiator/

Fighting 15s).
Bottom: 15mm Hellenistic Elephants (Forged in Battle)
Photos and collection Ben Fiene.

WARBOOK 1 3000 BC to 44 BC
This book includes 97 army lists for Impetus second edition
VOLUME 1: AGE OF BRONZE

Early Sumerian (3000-2250 BC), Old and Middle Kingdom Egyptian (3000-1543 BC), Nubian (3000-2250
BC), Early Elamites (3000-800 BC), Early Libyans (3000-665 BC), Akkadian Empire (2300-2193 BC), Old
Assyrian and Babylonian (1900-1600 BC), Early Hittite (1680-1380 BC), Hyksos (1645-1537 BC), Minoan
and Early Mycenean (1600-1250 BC), Mitanni (1600-1274 BC), Syro-Canaanite and Ugaritic (1600-
1100 BC), Kassite and Later Babylonian (1600-750 BC), New Kingdom Egyptian (1543-1069 BC),
Hittite Empire (1380-1180 BC), Middle Assyrian (1365-911 BC), Achaians (1250-1190 BC), Trojans
(1250-1190 BC), Early Hebrew (1250-1000 BC)
VOLUME 2: AGE OF CHARIOTS

Sea People (1200-1176 BC), Early Philistines (1166-1100 BC), Later Philistines (1100-600 BC),
Later Aramean and Neo Hittite (1100-710 BC), Later Hebrew (1000-587 BC), Phoenician (1000-332 BC),
Libyan Egyptians (946-712 BC), Early Neo Assyrian (911-745 BC), Urartian (858-585 BC), Neo-Elamites
(800-639 BC), Neo-Babylonian Empire (746-539 BC), Neo-Assyrian (746-679 BC), Kushite Egyptians (745-
583 BC), Sargonid Assyrian (680-609 BC), Saitic Egyptian (664-525 BC), Meroitic Kushite (529 BC-350 AD)
VOLUME 3: AGE OF HOPLITES

Early Athens (700-450 BC), Thebes (700-287 BC), Spartans (700-192 BC), Minor Greek Cities (700-275
BC), Ionian Greeks (700-275 BC), Thessaly (700-358 BC), Magna Graecia (700-235 BC), Thracians (700
BC-46 AD), Illyrians (700 BC-10 AD), Early Achaemenid Persians (550-420 BC), Later Athens (450-225 BC)
VOLUME 4: ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND SUCCESSORS

Early Macedonians (600-355 BC), Scythians (750 BC-50 AD), Classical Indians (500-321 BC), Later
Achaemenid Persians (419-329 BC), Alexander Macedonians (356-331 BC), Aetolian League (340-189
BC), Alexander Empire (330-323 BC), Alcetas and Minor Successors (323-300 BC), Early Macedonian
Successors (322-276 BC), Eumenes (322-316 BC), Antigonus Monophthalmus (322-301 BC),
Lysimachos (322-281 BC), Maurya Empire (321-180 BC), Early Ptolemaic (320-276 BC), Early Seleucids
(320-205 BC), Demetrius (294-285 BC), Achaean League (280-146 BC), Middle Ptolemaic (276-168 BC),
Attalid Pergamene (263-129 BC), Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom (250-130 BC), Galatians (250 BC-25 AD),
Early Parthian (247-209 BC), Indo Greek Kingdom (180-10 BC)
VOLUME 5: ROME AND ITALY

Early Etruscan League (600-400 BC), Early Romans (578-400 BC), Campanian (500-203 BC), Apulian,
Lucan, Bruttian (500-203 BC), Syracuse (410-210 BC), Later Etruscan League (400-280 BC),
Early Republican Romans (400-275 BC), Samnites (355-272 BC), Pyrrhic (300-262 BC)
VOLUME 6: ROMAN EXPANSION

Early Carthaginians (550-241 BC), Gauls (400-50 BC), Bithynia (376-74 BC), Early Armenians (331
BC-251 AD), Later Macedonians (276-168 BC), Middle Republican Romans (264-146 BC), Celtiberians
(240-20 BC), Iberian and Lusitanians (240-20 BC), Later Carthaginians (221-146 BC), Numidians (215-
148 BC), Middle Parthian (209-53 BC), Later Seleucids (205-83 BC), Later Ptolemaic (169-30 BC), Later
Numidians (148-25 BC), Spartacus and Slave Revolts (135-71 BC), Cimbri and Teutoni (113-102 BC),
Late Republican Roman (105-25 BC), Pontic (110-47 BC), Sertorius’s Lusitanians (80-72 BC)
Dadi&Piombo
www.dadiepiombo.com

Warbook 1 WV

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Warbook 1 WV

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ARMY LISTS

© 2020 Lorenzo Sartori

Hoplon special rule

Roman artillery special rule

How to read the lists

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

Up 1/3 : up to 1/3 of preceding line.

Up 1/4D : up to 1/4 of deployed preceding line

Up 1/C : up to 1 for each Command

Up “#” : up to “#” of preceding line

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

or ALL : of preceding line

1/FP : 1 for each preceding FP

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

VOLUME 1: AGE OF BRONZE

VOLUME 2: AGE OF CHARIOTS

VOLUME 3: AGE OF HOPLITES

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

VOLUME 4: ALEXANDER THE GREAT AND SUCCESSORS

VOLUME 5: ROME AND ITALY

VOLUME 6: ROMAN EXPANSION

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.1 Early Sumerian 3000 - 2250 BC CS Average

1.2 Old and Middle Kingdom Egyptian 3000 -1543 BC CS Poor/Average

1.3 Nubian 3000 -2250 BC CS Poor

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.4 Early Elamites 3000-800 BC CS Poor

1.5 Early Libyans 3000-665 BC CS Poor

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.6 Akkadian Empire 2300-2193 BC CS Poor/Average

1.7 Later Amorite, Old Assyrian and Babylonian 1900-1600 BC CS Poor/Average

1.8 Early Hittite 1680-1380 BC CS Poor

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.9 Hyksos 1645-1537 BC CS Average

1.10 Minoan and Early Mycenean 1600-1250 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.11 Mitanni 1600-1274 BC CS Poor/Average

1.12 Syro-Canaanite and Ugaritic 1600-1100 BC CS Poor/Average

1.13 Kassite and Later Babylonian 1600-750 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.14 New Kingdom Egyptian 1543-1069 BC CS Average

1.15 Hittite Empire 1380-1180 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.16 Middle Assyrian 1365-911 BC CS Poor/Average

1.17 Achaians 1250-1190 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

1.18 Trojans 1250-1190 BC CS Poor/Average

1.19 Early Hebrew 1250-1000 BC CS Poor

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

2.1 Sea Peoples 1200-1176 BC CS Poor

2.2 Early Philistines 1166-1100 BC CS Poor

2.3 Later Philistines 1100-600 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

2.4 Later Aramean and Neo Hittite 1100-710 BC CS Poor/Average

2.5 Later Hebrew 1000-587 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

2.7 Libyan Egyptians 943-712 BC CS Poor/Average

2.8 Early Neo Assyrian 911-745 BC CS Poor/Average

2.9 Urartian 858-585 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)

2.10 Neo-Elamites 800-639 BC CS Poor/Average

2.11 Neo-Babylonian Empire 746-539 BC CS Poor/Average

Christophe ONILLON (Order #37243218)