Title: The Battle Against Nematode-Fungus Infestations

Introduction:

This narrative report delves into the intriguing relationship between nematodes and fungus, specifically
focusing on their interactions in terms of infection. Nematodes, commonly referred to as roundworms,
are microscopic organisms found in diverse habitats ranging from soil to marine environments.
Meanwhile, fungi form an even broader kingdom, consisting of an immense variety of species. This
report aims to explore how certain nematodes become infected by fungi, the consequences of these
infections, and potential preventive measures.

Incident:

On a warm summer day ( May 15, 2023) , our research team set foot in a local agricultural field, home to
extensive vegetable cultivation. Our objective was to assess the impact of fungal infections on
nematodes and the subsequent threats to crop health. Armed with microscopes, soil sampling tools, and
lab equipment, we embarked on uncovering the secrets hidden beneath the surface.

Background:

Given their vital ecological role as decomposers, nematodes play a critical role in maintaining soil health
and recycling nutrients. Unfortunately, some fungal species have evolved a parasitic strategy, targeting
these nematodes. One such fungus is the highly efficient predatory fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora.
Infection begins when its specialized structures, called adhesive traps or loops, capture nematodes that
come into contact with them.

Lab Analysis:

In the laboratory, we collected soil samples from different sections of the field, each representing varying
levels of nematode populations ( 3 pcs of nematode in 3 container). The samlpes field are Rambutan soil,
Calamansi soil and River soil. The samples were analyzed to determine the diversity of nematode species
present. Subsequently, we isolated and cultured fungi from the soil samples to identify potential
nematode-infesting species. The most prevalent fungus isolated was Arthrobotrys oligospora, renowned
for its effectiveness against nematodes.
Consequences of Nematode-Fungus Infection:

When a nematode falls into the adhesive traps laid by A. oligospora, it becomes immobilized within
seconds. The fungus then proceeds to colonize the nematode’s body, utilizing it as a source of nutrients.
This parasitic relationship eventually leads to nematode death and the release of hundreds of fungal
spores into the surrounding environment.

Implications for Agriculture:

Nematode-fungus interactions have significant implications for agriculture. Nematodes can be

detrimental to crop health, causing reduced yields and quality. However, the presence of nematode-
infesting fungi, such as A. oligospora, provides a natural control mechanism. By targeting and eradicating
nematodes, these fungi can potentially be harnessed as biological control agents, reducing the
dependence on chemical pesticides.

Preventive Measures and Future Research:

Developing effective methods to enhance the population of nematode-infesting fungi could hold
promise for sustainable agriculture. Future research should focus on identifying the environmental
factors that favor the growth and activity of these fungi. Gaining a deeper understanding of the
molecular mechanisms involved in nematode parasitism by fungi would also be invaluable in developing
targeted biocontrol strategies.

Conclusion:

The investigation into nematode-fungus interactions has shed light on the complex dynamics occurring
beneath the surface of agricultural fields. The discovery of nematode-infesting fungi, particularly
Arthrobotrys oligospora, offers exciting possibilities for biological control of nematode populations. This
report highlights the need for further research to unlock the potential of these fungi in sustainable
farming practices, ultimately mitigating the damage caused by nematode infestations.
Members:

Wella May Sanchez

Niel Howard A. Liwanag

Aivie Jane S. Peradilla

Hannah Jane M. Marquina

Joshua Neil S. Abacan