Gibbs free of

enegy puresubgtance is ; =H TS
.

G
-

q = dH =
SCp '
dT
^
H Hot
=
5 CpdT
。

of both the a and 13 phase of tin

The free
energy be expressed feuctiods of the TandEp
.

can as :

'
a
HotS. CtdT TfdB-
-

。
H。 CB ,dT -TJ I QT
.
GP =
P
+ f
]
.
早

at 286 .
2 k 4
]
G = 0 ( whiteand
graytiu are coexists )

below 286 k
Gcgray G C alite ) the sfable
tin
phase
2

gray
, ) s =
3 is ,

above 286 k G Glwdite ' < white tinisthe

stablaphase
3 ,
igray
2 |
,

T↑ ; G ↓ ( TS term is
important the frre )
TM
anergyqaation

< G = 4 H 下4S -

4 H =
H % ] ∴ pβ ,dT - H f ∴ cp
+ ∞

TaS =
」
T-dT
。
[ 下 。 dT
thetemperatarelransformation
at ( 286 . 2 k }
,
《 H =
T 4S.
=
3 < G = 0

. G =
H -

TS
Ae low temperature the phad with thhesmallerenthalpy isthe stable phasc definition H
by
0 (
, .

,
=
U + PV )

hat atomsth ofthe

Thusa
thestable pha
tlow
temperatur s 1 ower infernl or with the
energy tightlypinding
ex :
HCP FCC ,

At high
temperature the Tas beomes
Tsportaut and tte phase hasgreatereatropy las ) becomes
⼤
chepreferred phase
②
, more , .

A
phasewith a looser formof
biording preferred
3

is

Ex , BCC

⼚
3 FCC , HCP