SPESIFIKASI ALAT Revisi

L3-1
LAMPIRAN 3
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
1. Tangki Penyimpan CPO (T-01)
T-01
Fungsi : Menyimpan CPO selama proses

Type : Tangki penampung bentuk vertikal silinder, standar dished
and flat bottomed
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon steel SA - 283 grade C
f = 12650 psi
Kondisi Operasi : Tekanan = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
Suhu = 50 o
C
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.50
Vol Liquid = 80% volume tangki
1. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

a. Perhitungan diameter dan tebal shell
Kebutuhan CPO = 871308.312 kg/hari = 1920886.305 lb/hari
Waktu Penyimpanan = 7 hari
Jumlah tangki penampung = 2 buah
Kebutuhan tangki penampung masing-masing = 6723102.066 lb
ρCPO = 0.8751 kg/l = 54.63128971 lb/ft3
6723102.0662
Volume Liquid = 123063.2134 ft3/hari
54.631289710973
123063.21344035
Volume total tangki = = 153829.0168 ft3
80%
L3-2
Ls = 1.5 x D
Tutup atas berupa standar dished head
Vtangki = Vtutup atas + Vshell
153829.0168 = 0.0847 D3 + π/4 D2 Ls
153829.0168 = 0.0847 D3 + 0.785000 x 1.5 D3
153829.0168 = 1.2622 D3
D3 = 121873.7259 ft3
D = 49.57963929 ft
Ls = 1.5 x D
Ls = 1.5 x 49.57963929
Ls = 74.36945894 ft
Mencari tinggi liquida dalam tangki :
Volume liquida = Vol. liquida dalam silinder
123063.21344035 = π/4 D2 H liq
123063.21344035 = 1929.640396 H liq
Hliq = 63.77520582 ft
Menentukan Tekanan Desain Bejana (Pd)
P alat = 14.7 Psi
P Operasi = P hidrostatik = (ρ Hliq /144) + Palat
= ( 54.63128971 x 63.7752 / 144 ) + 14.7
= 38.8952899 Psia
Tekanan Design (Pd) = 1.05 x P operasi
= 40.8400544 psia
Menentukan Tebal Tangki

1. Tebal pada bagian silinder
Dipergunakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel spesifikasi SA-283 Grade C
fallowable = 12650 psi (Brownell & Young,tabel 13.1)
Dipilih sambungan las double welded butt joint, E = 0.8 (Brownell & Young,tabel 13.2)
Dipilih faktor korosi C = 0.125 atau 1/8

Pd ri
ts = + C
f E - 0,6 Pd
40.840054395632 x 297.4778357
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 40.8400544
L3-3
ts = 1.328409028
Dipilih tebal standar (ts) = 1.00 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 594.9556715 + 2
= 596.9556715 in
Standarisasi OD = 420 in = 35 ft (Brownell & Young,tabel 5.7)
Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi :

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 420.0 - 2 x 1
= 418 in = 34.8333
Tinggi bagian silinder tangki (Ls) = 1.5 x ID
= 1.5 x 418
= 627.00 in
= 52.25 ft
2. Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r
Tutup atas berupa standard dished head

Gambar 2. Dimensi dari dished head
rc = ID = 418 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
0.885 x 40.8400544 x 418
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 40.8400544
= 1.618484261 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 1.5 in (Brownell. hal 88 )
Dari tabel yang sama didapat sf = 4.5 in

Crown radius, r = ID
= 418 in
Inside Corner Radius (icr) = 3.75 in (Brownell,hal 88 )
AB = ri - icr
L3-4
= 209 - 3.75
= 205.25 in = 17.10416667 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 418 - 3.75
= 414.25 in = 34.52083333 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 418 - 359.8270418
= 58.17295821 in = 4.847746518 ft
Tinggi tutup atas (OA) = th + b + sf

= 1.5 + 58.17295821 + 4.5
= 64.17295821 in = 5.347746518 ft
Tinggi total tangki = tinggi silinder + tutup atas

= 52.25 + 5.347746518
= 57.59774652 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (T-01)
Tipe : Tangki penampung berbentuk silinder tegak, tutup atas standard dished dan
tutup bawah datar pada pondasi
Fungsi : Menyimpan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) untuk bahan baku
Kapasitas : 153829.0168 ft3
ukuran :
Diameter tangki (OD) = 35.00 ft
Diameter tangki (ID) = 34.83 ft
Tinggi : shell = 52.25 ft
tutup atas = 5.3477 ft 57.5977
Tebal : shell = 1.0000 in
tutup atas = 1.5 in
Bahan Konstruksi = Carbon Steel SA - 283 grade - C
Jumlah Tangki = 2 buah
L3-5
2. Pompa Feed CPO (P-01)

Fungsi = Memompa CPO dari CPO storage menuju Meet Point I
Type = Centrifugal Pump
Bahan = Commercial Steel
Dasar Pemilihan = Jenis pompa ini dapat digunakan untuk larutan yang mempunyai
viskositas besar (ulrich hal 4260)
2
P2
Z2 - Z1
1
Z2
P1 3
Z1
Tangki-01 Pompa-01
Data - data :
Rate CPO = 871308.312 kg/hari = 36304.513 kg/jam
= 80036.92936 lb/jam
Densitas CPO = 0.8751 kg/l = 54.63128971 lb/ft3
µ CPO = 28.68 cp = 0.019272107 lb/ft.s
Rate Volumetrik = 41486.13073 l/jam = 0.011523925 m3/sec
= 0.4069551 ft3/sec
Perhitungan Diameter Pipa

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran CPO adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 x ρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.4069551 ft3/sec
ρ = 54.63128971 lb/ft3
maka Di optimum = 4.377517641 in
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 3 inc, sch 80
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2416570 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.61 x 104 m2
L3-6
Check Jenis Aliran :

0.4069551 ft3/sec
Kecepatan alir, (v) = = 8.8719221909885 ft/s
0.04587 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
54.63128971 x 0.241657 x 8.871922191
=
0.01927211
= 6077.5615172739
Karena Nre < 2100 maka aliran berupa aliran laminar
Perhitungan friction Losses
a). Sudden Contraction
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 8.871922191 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.672764528 ft.lbf/lbm
b). Sambungan dan Valve

Dipilih sambungan berupa
1 buah globe valve, Kf = 1 x 6 = 6
2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
6 x ( 8.871922191 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 7.339249397 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Bahan Pipa = Commersial Steel
Panjang pipa lurus = 150 ft
L3-7
Nre = 6077.5615172739
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
16
Ff = (Geankoplis.3ed.pers 2.10-7)
Nre
16
=
6077.5615172739
= 0.002633
d). Pressure drop di Meet Point I (0) karena P1 dan P2 adalah 1 atm
DP 0
hfh = = = 0 ft.lbf/lbm
ρ 54.63128971
Persamaan Bernoulli
-Ws = ( P2/r2 - P1/r1)+(z2 - z1)g/gc + (v22 - v12)/2.a.gc + SF
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.672764528 + 7.339249397 + 0 + 0.0026326
= 8.01464655952 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
z2 - z1 = 20 ft lbf/lbm
(v22 - v12) = 78.71100336 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
78.71100336
(- Ws) = 0 + 20 + + 8.01464655952
2 x 32.174
= 29.23785479 ft lbf/lbm
Diperoleh efisiensi pompa adala = 80 %

Ws = (- h Wp)
-29.2378547923 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 36.54731849 ft lbf/lbm
L3-8
Pump Horse Power = Mass Flow Rate x Wp

= 80036.9293598 lb/jam x 36.547318490376 ft lbf/lbm
= 22.232480377722 lb/s x 36.547318490376 ft lbf/lbm
= 812.53754119564 ft.lbf/s
= 1.4773409839921 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa CPO (L-115)
Fungsi = Memompa CPO dari CPO storage menuju mixer
Type = Positive Displacement Pump
Kapasitas = 0.4069551 ft3/sec
Power motor = 1.477340984 hp
Diameter pipa = 3 inch
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 2 buah
3. Tangki Penyimpan Ethanol ( T-02 )
T-02
Fungsi : Menyimpan Ethanol selama proses

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
L3-9
Suhu = 30 C
o
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5

Vol Liquid = 80 % volume tangki
Kebutuhan Ethanol = 140650.368 kg/hari = 310077.8013 lb/hari
Kebutuhan tangki penampung masing - masing penampung = 930233.404 lb
ρEthanol = 0.7904 g/cm3 = 49.346 lb/ft3
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan tangki sebelumnya maka didapatkan hasil
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan Ethanol (T-02)
Tipe : Tangki penampung bentuk vertikal silinder, standar dished
dan flat bottomed
Fungsi : Menyimpan Ethanol untuk bahan baku
Ukuran :
a. Diameter tangki (OD) = 20.00 ft
b. Diameter tangki (ID) = 19.92 ft
c. Tinggi : shell = 29.875 ft
tutup atas = 3.084 ft
d. Tebal : shell = 0.50 in
tutup atas = 0.625 in
e. Bahan Konstruksi = Carbon Steel SA - 283 grade - C
f. Jumlah Tangki = 1 buah
4. Pompa Feed Ethanol (P-02)

Fungsi = Memompa Ethanol dari Ethanol storage menuju MeetPoint I
Dasar Pemilihan = Dapat digunakan untuk larutan yang mempunyai kapasitas besar
2
L3-10
2
P2
Z2 - Z1
1
Z2
P1 3
Z1
Tangki-02 Pompa-02
Titik referens
Titik 1 = Ethanol Storage
Titik 2 = Meet Point
Data - data :
Rate Ethanol = 140650.368 kg/hari = 5860.432 kg/jam
= 12919.908 lb/jam
Densitas Ethanol = 0.7904 kg/l = 49.346 lb/ft3
µ Ethanol = 1.02 cp = 0.00068541 lb/ft.s
= 0.07272844 ft3/sec
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan pompa sebelumnya maka didapatkan hasil
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa Feed Ethanol (P-02)
Fungsi = Memompa Ethanol dari Ethanol storage menuju meet point 1
Power motor = hp
Diameter pipa = 2.000 inch
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
5. Pompa 03 (P-03)
Fungsi : Menaikkan tekanan umpan menjadi tekanan operasi reaktor (15 atm)
L3-11
Jenis : Reciprocating Pump
P2
Z1 2
P1
Pompa-03
1
Data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
Komponen n (Kmol) x ρ (kg/m3) x.ρ
CPO 14.309 0.142857143 877.50 125.3571429
Ethanol 85.854 0.857142857 790.44 677.52
Total 100.163 1 802.8771429
ρ campuran = 802.8771429 kg/m3 = 242.5903 lb/ft3
b. Viscositas, μ
Komponen n (Kmol) x μ (cp) x.μ
CPO 14.309 0.142857143 28.68 4.097142857
Ethanol 85.854 0.857142857 0.768 0.658285714
Total 100.163 1 4.755428571
μ campuran = 4.755428571 kg/m3 = 0.003195507 lb/ft.s
c. Laju alir massa, G = 16056.805 kg/jam = 35324.9701 lb/jam
d. Rate Volumetrik = 19.99908049 m3/jam = 0.00555530 m3/sec
= 0.0404488 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa 03
Fungsi = Menaikkan tekanan umpan menjadi tekanan op. reaktor (15 atm)
L3-12

schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
6. Reaktor Transesterifikasi 01 (R-01)
Fin
R-01
Wout
Win
Fout
Fungsi : Tempat reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO dengan ethanol

Jenis : Vertical Turbular Plug Flow Fixed Bed Multi tube dengan penutup
elliptical dished heads
Kondisi Operasi : P = 15 atm = 220.5 Psi
T = 200 0C
Data : Konversi Reaktor = 93.20%
Residence time = 110 menit
Dengan menggunakan metode Elbro, et, al (1991).... (Properties of gases & liquids) maka
didapat densitas pada T = 200oC
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 14.309 0.142857143 810.40 115.7714286
L3-13
Ethanol 85.854 0.857142857 564 483.4285714

Total 100.163 1 599.2
b. Laju alir massa, G = 16056.805 kg/jam = 35324.9701 lb/jam
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 14.309 0.142857143 2.308 0.329714286
Ethanol 85.854 0.857142857 0.095 0.081428571
Total 100.163 1 0.411142857
d. Rate Volumetrik = 26.79707043 m3/jam = 49.1280 m3/110 menit
e. Konsentrasi Umpan Reaktor

1). CPO
FAO = 14.309 kmol/jam = 26.23316667 kmol/110 menit
FAO 26.2332
CAO = =
Q 49.1280
= 0.533976281 kmol/m3
2). Ethanol
FBO = 85.854 kmol/jam = 157.399 kmol/110 menit
FAO 157.3990
CBO = =
Q 49.1280
= 3.203857684 kmol/m3
f. Volume Tube Reaktor (VTR)

VTR = Laju alir massa x residence time
= 49.12796 m3/110 menit x 110 menit
= 49.12796 m3
Faktor keamanan = 20%

VTR actual = 1.2 x 49.12796
= 58.95355494 m3
g. Menghitung konstanta kecepatan reaksi (k) pada reaktor -01

L3-14
Reaksi :
Trigliserida + 3 Etanol 3 FAEE + Gliserol
m: CAO CBO
b : CAO X 3CAO X 3CAO X CAO X
s : CA (1 - X) CBO – 3CAO X 3CAO X
Persamaan Laju Reaksi :

-rA = K1 CACB3 – K2 CC3 Cd
dimana : CA = CAO - CAO XA
CB = CBO - 3 CAO XA
CC = 3 CAO XA
CD = CAO XA
Dengan menggunakan hukum stoikiometri maka :

dCa
dt
  
 k1 (C AO  C AO X A )C BO  3C AO X A   k 2 3C AO X A  (C AO X A )
3 3

Data : CAO = 0.533976281 kmol/m3
CBO = 3.203857684 kmol/m3
FAO = 26.23316667 kmol/110 menit
V = 58.95355494 m3
dimasukkan ke dalam persamaan
dCa

dt

 k 1 ( 0 . 5340  0 . 5340 x 0 ,932 ) 3 . 2039  3 x 0 . 5340 x 0 . 932  3 

 k 2 3 ( 0 . 5340 x 0 . 932  ( 0 . 5340 x 0 . 932 )
3


dCa

 k 1 ( 0 . 5340  0 . 49769 ) 3 . 2039  3 x 0 . 49769  3  k 2 3 x 0 . 49769 3 ( 0 . 49769 ) 
dt
dCa
   k 1 ( 0 .03631 ) 5 .0075    k 2 3 .3284 ( 0 .49769 ) 
dt
dCa
  k 1 ( 0 . 18182 )  k 2 (1 . 65651 )
dt
nilai k dihitung dengan persamaan Archenius :
( Hal 71, Syarifuddin)
Dimana A = 3
L3-15
Menghitung energi aktifasi

ECPO = ∆Hf298 - RT
= -470110 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -470.699444 kkal/mol
Eetanol = ∆Hf298 - RT
= -56606.119 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -57.195563 kkal/mol
Etotal = ECPO + Eetanol

= -470.699444 + -57.195563
= -527.895007 kkal/mol
-E 527.895007
= = 0.895581272
RT 589.444
K = Ae -E/RT
K1 = 3 e 0.89558
= 7.346276309 kmol/m3s
EFAEE = ∆Hf298 - RT
= -164411.91 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -165.001354 kkal/mol
Egliserol = ∆Hf298 - RT
= -1622.836 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -2.21228 kkal/mol
Etotal = EFAEE + Egliserol
= -165.001354 + -2.21228
= -167.213634 kkal/mol
-E 167.213634
= = 0.283680272
RT 589.444
K = Ae -E/RT
k2 = 3 e 0.28368
= 3.984024783 kmol/m3s
L3-16
h. Menghitung laju pengurangan reaktan pada reaksi (-ra)

- ra = k1 x 0 - k2 x 0
- ra = 7.346276309 x 0 - 3.984024783 x 0
= 0
Bila alcohol yang diberikan berlebihan, maka konsentrasi alcohol dapat dianggap konstan,
sehingga reaksi persamaan 2 menjadi :
Bila konversi = x, maka:

CT = CTO ( 1 – x ) dCT = - CTO dx
-dCT = - CTO dx
Substitusi persamaan 1 dan 2 ke persamaan 4 :
Integralkan menjadi
ln (1 – x ) = kt1 + C
- rA = k CA
= k { CA0 ( 1 - X ) }
= 7.346276309 x { 0.533976281 - ( 1 - 0.932 ) }
= 3.423190511 kmol/m3s
i. Menentukan Ukuran Tube

Diketahui katalis (dk) = 0.5769 cm = 0.225 in
Rasio antara diameter katalis dengan diameter tube mencapai harga maksimum 0,15
( J.M. Smith, page 571)
dk / dT = 0.15
dT = 0.225 / 0.15
= 1.5000 in
Berdasarkan data pada tabel 10 kern, maka dipilih tube dengan ukuran:
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.11667 ft
L3-17
LT = 25 ft
j. Menentukan jumlah tube (Nt)

Dimensi tube yang digunakan :
BWG = 18
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.11662 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
Tube pitch = 1.875 in
Clearence (C) = Tube pitch – OD
= 1.875 - 1.5 = 0.375 in
Volume 1 buah tube = ¼ π ID2 L

= ¼ x 3.14 x 0.1166 2
x 25
= 0.2669 ft3
Volume tube reaktor
Jumlah tube (Nt) =
Volume 1 buah tube
161.1397168
=
0.2669
= 603.735699 buah
= 604 buah
k. Menentukan diameter reactor, DR

Diketahui
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
Dipertimbangkan clearence (C’) antara reactor = 0,5 OD
C’ = 0.5 x 0.1250
= 0.06248 ft
Tube disusun bentuk Triangular
PT = OD + C'
= 0.1250 + 0.06248
= 0.1874 ft
Shell Area, As
L3-18
As = ½ x PT x (PT . sin 60)

= ½ x 0.1874 x ( 0.1874 x 0.866 )
= 0.25602 ft2
Diameter Shell
Ds = ( NT x As x 4 / π )0,5
= ( 603.736 x 0.25602 x 4 / π ) 0.5
= 14.0323 ft
l. Menghitung Tinggi Reactor Stage – 01

Tinggi Head Reactor, Hs
Hs = ¼ Ds
= ¼ x 14.0323
= 3.50807 ft
Tinggi reaktor , Hr
Hr = LT + Hs
= 25 + 3.50807
= 28.5081 ft
m. Volume Reaktor
1). Volume Head Reaktor (VHR)
VHR = 2 ( ¼ π Ds2 . Hs)
= 2 x ( ¼ x π x 14.0323 2
x 3.50807 )
= 1084.48310 ft3
2).Volume Silinder (Vs)
Vs = ¼ π Ds2 x HR
= ¼ x π 14.0323 2
x 28.5081
= 4406.4904 ft3
Volume total = VHR + Vs
= 1084.48310 + 4406.4904
= 5490.9735 ft3
n. Tebal Dinding Reaktor

Asumsi : tebal dinding reaktor = tebal dinding headnya.
PD
t = + Cc (Peters, table 4 hal 570)
2 SEj - 0.2 P
L3-19
Dimana :
P = Tekanan Design = 16.5000 atm
D = Diameter Reactor = 14.0323 ft
S = Working Stress Maximum = 935.374 atm
Ej = Welding Joint Efficiency = 80%
Cc = Korosi yang diizinkan = 0.0032 m = 0.01042 ft
16.5000 x 14.0323
t = + 0.01042
2 x 935.374 x 80% - 0.2 x 16.5000
= 0.165464244 ft = 1.98557 in
Diameter luar kolom , OD = Ds + 2t

= 14.0323 + 0.33093 = 14.3632 ft
o. Volume Katalis
Vk = ( 1 – εp ) V t
Dimana :
Vk = Volume Katalis
εp = Void fraction = 0,42 volume fluida/volume katalis
Vt = Volume Reaktor
Pada tube reaktor-01 , terdiri dari 3 bagian :
· Bagian pertama terdiri dari zinc oksida
· Bagian kedua campuran katalis zinc oksida dan alumina
· Bagian ketiga terdiri dari katalis alumina (US. Patent 2007/0066838A1)
Bagian Reaktor 01 Perbandingan % Volume Reaktor Volume / bagian reaktor ft3

Bagian Pertama 0.5 16.60% 911.501597967497
Bagian Kedua 0.6 20.00% 1098.19469634638
Bagian Ketiga 1.9 63.00% 5490.9735
1). Bagian Pertama

Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 911.501598
= 528.6709268 ft3
Densitas zinc oksida = 5606 kg/m3 = 336.36 lb/ft3
Massa zinc oksida yang dibutuhkan = ρZnO x VZnO
= 336.36 x 528.6709268
L3-20
= 177823.7529 lb
2). Bagian Kedua
50% Zinc Oksida dan 50 % Alumina
a). Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 0.5 x 1098.194696
= 318.4764619 ft3
= 336.36 x 318.4764619
= 107122.7427 lb
b). Volume Alumina = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 0.5 x 1098.194696
= 318.4764619 ft3
Densitas alumina = 3970 kg/m3 = 238.2 lb/ft3
Massa alumina yang dibutuhkan = ρalumina x Valumina
= 238.2 x 318.4764619
= 75861.09323 lb
3). Bagian Ketiga
Volume Alumina = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 5490.9735
= 3184.764619 ft3
= 238.2 x 3184.764619
= 758610.9323 lb
p. Menghitung Pressure Drop

Pressure drop aliran fluida melalui tumpukan katalis menggunakan persamaan Ergun :
(Fogler, 1999)
𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑧=−𝐺/(𝜌_𝐺 𝑔_𝑐 𝑑𝑝) ((1−𝜀)/𝜀^3 )((150(1−𝜀) 𝜇_𝑀)/𝑑𝑝+1,75𝐺)
dimana : P : Tekanan (lbf/ft2)

ε : Porositas = void fraction
4,17𝑥10^8 ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 )
gc :
Dp : Diameter Partikel Katalis (ft)
µ : Viskositas (lbm/ft.h)
L3-21
z : Panjang Pipa (ft)

ρ : Densitas Gas (lb/ft3)
G : Kecepatan Massa Superficial (lbmft2/h)
〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2)⁄ℎ)/(170,4133 𝑙𝑏/ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^3 . 4,17𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^8 ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 ).189,27165𝑓𝑡) ((1−0,42)/ 〖 0,42 〗 ^3 )((150(1−0,42) 0,9946 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄(𝑓𝑡.ℎ))/(189,27165 𝑓𝑡)
𝑑𝑃/100=−(410,3710 )/(1,3450𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^13 ) (0,58/0,0741)(86,5302/189,27165+718,14925)
𝑑𝑃/100=−3,0511𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−11) (7,8273)(718,6064)
𝑑𝑃/100=−1,7162𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−7)
𝑑𝑃=−1,7162𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−5) 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓⁄ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Reaktor Transesterifikasi 01
Kode : R-01
Tipe : Fixed bed multitube
Fungsi : Tempat berlangsungnya reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO dan Etanol
menjadi FAEE dan Gliserol
Bahan Konstruksi: Stainless steel SA-283 Grade C'
Kondisi Operasi : non isotermal - non adiabatik
Temperatur : 200 0C
Tekanan : 15 atm
Fase Reaksi : Reaktan cair dengan katalis padat
Katalis : Zinc Oksida dan Alumina
Pendingin : Air
Ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 25 ft
tutup atas + bawah = 3.50807 ft
L3-22
tutup = 1.98557 in
Dimensi Tube :
OD = 1.5 ft
ID = 1.4 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
Dimensi Shell :
ID = 14.0323 ft
As = 3.07227 in2
Massa Katalis :
Bagian 1 : ZnO = 177823.7529 lb
Bagian 2 : ZnO = 107122.7427 lb
Al2O3 = 75861.09323 lb
Bagian 3 : Al2O3 = 758610.9323 lb
7. Pompa 04 (P-04)
Fungsi = Memompa hasil reaksi dari R-01 menuju Separator
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.9730 0.009713778 810.40 7.872045684
Ethanol 45.85 0.457735582 564.00 258.162868
FAEE 40.0080 0.39941298 791.44 316.1114091
Gliserol 13.3360 0.13313766 1260 167.7534517
Total 100.1670 1 749.8997746
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.9730 0.009713778 2.850 0.027684267
Ethanol 45.8500 0.457735582 0.120 0.05492827
L3-23
FAEE 40.0080 0.39941298 0.824 0.32911630

Gliserol 13.3360 0.13313766 8.370 1.114362215
Total 100.1670 1 1.526091048
= 0.0433064 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa 04 (P-04)
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
8. Separator 01 (S-01)
S-01
Fungsi : Tempat pemisahan antara ethanol (fase gas), dengan produk

FAEE, sisa CPO dan gliserol (fase cair).
Type : Vertikal vessel dengan torispherical flange dan dished head
f = 12650 psi
L3-24
Kondisi Operasi : Suhu = 90 oC = 363 K
1. Mencari tekanan operasi flash separator

Tekanan uap etanol pada suhu 90 oC adalah sebesar = 1.65 atm = 24.255 psia
P alat = 14.7 Psi
P Operasi = P hidrostatik = P uap etanol + Palat
= 24.255 + 14.7
= 38.955 Psia
Tekanan Design (Pd) = 1.1 x Poperasi
= 42.85 psia
= 2.915 atm
Densitas gas etanol, ρv
Laju alir massa = 2112.1303 kg/jam
Yi = 1
BM x Yi = 46.069
Karena dianggap gas ideal, maka :
P x BM
ρgas =
R x T
2.915 atm x 46.069 g/mol
=
0.0821 L.atm/mol.K x 363 K
= 4.50607 g/L = 4.50607 kg/m3 = 0.28129 lb/ft3
Densitas cairan, ρliq

CPO 0.9730 0.01791336 856.10 15.33562789
FAEE 40.0080 0.73656498 813.55 599.2324392
Gliserol 13.3360 0.24552166 1218.1 299.0699339
Total 54.3170 1 913.638001
Laju alir massa gas = 2112.1303 kg/jam
Laju alir volumetrik gas, Qgas = m/ρ
2112.1303
= = 468.7304254 m3/jam
4.506066143
= 4.592034 ft3/s
L3-25
Laju alir massa cairan = 13944.6743 kg/jam

Laju alir volumetrik cairan, Qliq= m/ρ
13944.6743
= = 15.26280024 m3/jam
913.638001
= 0.149526 ft3/s
2. Menghitung Diameter Separator

Laju linear gas masuk, v =
v = 0.14 x { 276.057
0.28129
- 1 } 0.5
(pers. 18.9, Wallas, hal 615)
= 4.3836039354791 ft/s
Untuk mencari diameter separator digunakan persamaan luas permukaan berbentuk lingkaran
(untuk vertikal separator tank)
A = Qgas / v
4.592034
= = 10.47547614 ft2
4.383604
maka diameter separator, d :
d2 = (4 x A)/π
= 13.34455559 ft2
d = 3.653020064 ft = 43.83624077 inch
3. Menghitung Tinggi Separator

4 x tr x Qliq
h =
π x d2
dimana, h : tinggi kedalaman cairan, ft d : diameter vessel, ft
tr : retention time, sec
Qliq : kecepatan volumetrik cairan, ft3/s
tr yang diijinkan untuk separator tank adalah 5-20 menit (fig. 18.6, walas hal 617)
maka diambil nilai tr = 5 menit = 300 detik

4 x 300 x 0.149526
h = = 4.282167376 ft = 51.38600851 in
π x 13.34455559
tinggi minimal separator gas adalah 5.5 ft (walas)
jadi tinggi separator
Hs = h + 5.5
L3-26
= 4.28217 + 5.5
= 9.78217 ft

a. Tebal pada bagian silinder
Dipilih sambungan las double welded butt joint, = 0.8 (Brownell & Young,tabel 13.2)

Pd ri
ts = + C
fE - 0,6 Pd
42.851 x 21.9181
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 42.851
ts = 0.218042943
Dipilih tebal standar (ts) = 1/4 in = 0.25 in

OD = ID + 2ts
= 43.83624077 + 0.5
= 44.33624077 in

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 48 - 2 x 0.25
= 47.5 in = 3.95833
b. Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

L3-27
Tutup atas berupa torisperical flange dan dished head

rc = ID = 47.5 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
0.885 x 42.851 x 47.5
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 42.851
= 0.303072227 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 0.3125 in (Brownell, Table 5.7. hal 88 )

= 47.5 in
Inside Corner Radius (icr) = 0.9375 in (Brownell, Table 5.7. hal 88 )
AB = ri - icr
= 23.75 - 0.9375
= 22.8125 in = 1.901041667 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 47.5000 - 0.9375
= 46.5625 in = 3.880208333 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5
= 47.5000 - 40.5913322
= 6.908667797 in = 0.575722316 ft

= 0.3125 + 6.90867 + 3.0
= 10.2 in = 0.851763983 ft
Tinggi total tangki, H = hs + 2OA

= 9.782167 + 0.851763983
= 10.63393136 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Separator 01 (S-01)
Tipe : Vertikal vessel dengan torispherical flange dan dished head
L3-28

Ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 9.7822 ft 11.4857
9. Kondensor 01 ( CO-01 ).
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan uap Ethanol yang berasal dari expander
Type : Kondensor vertikal (shell and tube)
T1 = 90.00 0
C (Etanol)
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0F
(air)
Kondensor t2 = 50 0C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0F
= 77 0F
T2 = 78 0
C
Dt2 = 95.4 0
F = 172.4 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p Distilat = 2 psi
1) Neraca Energi
Rate feed = 2112.1303 kg/jam = 4656.4025 lb/jam
L3-29
Rate air pendingin = 2756.4572 kg/jam = 6076.8855 lb/jam

Q air pendingin = 68911.4302 kkal/jam = 273284.5424 btu/jam
2) LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
a. LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
95.4 - 72
= = 83.15 0
F
95.4
ln
72
b. T1 - T2 Dt
R = S =
Dt T1 - t1
194 - 172 = 45
=
45 194 - 77
= 0.48 = 0.385
Dipilih type 1-2 exchanger
FT = 0.95 (Kern, Fig 18)
∆t true = 78.994 0
F
3) Tc = ( 194 + 172 ) / 2 = 183.2 0
F
tc = ( 122 + 77 ) / 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran = 1 inc OD, 16 BWG, 10 ft
1 1/4 inc triangular pitch
µ distilate = 0.01061 cp (light organic)
Dari tabel 8, kern

hot fluid cold fluid UD
light organic air 75-150
a. Trial UD = 150 Btu/jam.ft2. oF

A = Q / ( UD x ∆ttrue )
273284.5
=
100 x 78.9944
= 34.60 ft2
Dari Kern, tabel 10 :
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
L3-30
Nt = A / L x a"t
34.60
= = 13.21445586
10 x 0.2618
Standarisasi Dari Kern, tabel 9:
Nt = 16
ID shell = 8 in
Tube passes = 2 buah
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 16 x 10 x 0.2618 = 41.888 ft2
UD = Q / (Dt true x A)
273284.542354061
=
78.9943702 x 41.888
= 82.590349096955 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
Shell (hot fluid) Tube (cold fluid)

4') Flow area 4). Flow area
IDs = 8 inc at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD 16 x 0.594
=
= 1 1/4 - 1 = 1/4 in 144 x 2
B = 5 in = 0.033 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
8 x 1/4 x 5
=
1 x 144 x 1 1/4
= 0.0556 ft2
5') Mass velocity 5). Mass velocity

Gs = Ws / as Gt = wt / at
4656.4025 6076.8855
= =
0.056 0.033
L3-31
= 83815.24427 lb/ft2 jam = 184148.0468 lb/ft2 jam

Loading
G'' = W V = 184148.04676121 lb/ft2 jam
3,14 Nt D 3600 x 62.4 lb/ft3
4656.40 = 0.819 ft/s
=
3,14 x 16 x 0.0725
= 1278.389 lb/ft2 jam
6)'. Menentukan bilangan reynold 6). Menentukan bilangan reynold

Tc = 183.2 o
F tc = 99.500 o
F
µ = 0.0106 cp ID = 0.870 in (tabel 10 kern )
= 0.025652 lb / ft jam = 0.0725 ft

De = 0.72 in (fig. 28, kern) μ = 0.5800 cp
= 0.06 ft = 1.4036 lb / ft jam
Res = De x Gs / µ Ret = ID x Gt / μ
= 0.06 x 83815.24427 0.0725 x 184148.0468
=
0.025652 1.4036
= 196043.7649 = 9511.779
Fs = (µ/µw)0.14 = 1

7)'. JH = 300 (Kern, Fig.28)
8)'. Tc = 183.2 o
F
Cp = 0.77 Btu / lb oF
k = 0.25 Btu/jam ft2
µ = 0.025652 lb / ft jam
k [Cp µ / k]1/3 = 0.107274704
9)'. ho = JH x (k/De) x [Cp m / k]1/3 Fs 9). faktor koreksi = 0.94 (Fig 25 kern)
300 x 0.10727 hi' = 375 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

ho = x 1
0.06 hi = 375 x 0.94
= 536.3735197 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) = 353 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
L3-32
hio = hi x ID/OD
= 353 x 0.0725
0.0833333333333
= 306.675
10).Clean overall coefisient (Uc)

Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)
= 306.675 x 536.37351965066
306.675 + 536.37351965066
= 636.231 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11).Faktor kekotoran (Rd)
Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)
= 636.231 - 82.590
636.231 x 82.590
= 0.0105361957978 > 0.004
Rd hitung > dari Rd ketentuan (memenuhi syarat)
Pressure Drop
1') Tc = 183.2 o
F 1). Ret = 9511.779274856
µ = 0.02565 lb / ft jam f = 0.00030 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig.26)
De = 0.720 in = 0.060 ft S = 1.00 (Kern,Fig.26)
Res = De x Gs / m
0.06 x 83815.2 2). f x Gt2 x L x n
= DPt =
0.025652 5,22 .1010 x ID x S
= 196043.7649 0.00030 x 184148 2
x 16
=
f = 0.0012 ft2/in2 (Kern, Fig. 29) 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
IDs = 8.00 in x 2
x 1.00
2') N+1 = 12 x L / B = 0.086 psi
L3-33
12 x 10
= = 24
5 3) DPr = 4 n x V2 x 62.5
1/2 x f x Gs2 x IDs x (N + 1) S x 2gc x 144
DPs =
5,22 .1010 x De x S
Dari fig. 27 diperoleh :
0.5 x 0.0012 x 83815.2 2 (V2 x 62.5) / (2gc x 144) = 0.025
=
5.22.1010 x 0.1 DPr = 4 x 0.025 x 2
x 0.7 x 24 1.0
x 0.79327 = 0.20 psi
= 0.000417601 psi DPT = 0.08602 + 0.2
= 0.28602 psi
DPs < 2 psi (memenuhi syarat)
DPt < 8 psi (memenuhi syarat)
Spesifikasi Kondensor (E-321):

Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan uap methanol (distilat produk) dari kolom distilasi
Type : Kondensor mendatar (1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger)
Bahan : Carbon steel

Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 10 ft
Pitch : 1.25 in triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt) : 16
Passes : 2
Shell : ID : 8 inch
Passes : 1
Heat transfer surface Area : 41.888 ft2
Heat transfer Coefficient (Clean) : 636.230901 Btu / j ft2 oF
Heat transfer Coefficient (Dirt) : 82.5903491 Btu / j ft2 oF
Jumlah : 1 buah
L3-34
10. Cooler 01 ( C-01 )

Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan ethanol dari 78 oC sampai dengan 30 oC
sebelum masuk ke Meet Point
Type : 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger, countercurrent
T1 = 78.00 0
C (Etanol)
= 172.4 0
F Dt1 = 50.4 0
F
(air) Cooler I t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi ∆p feed = 2 psi
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
9 - 50.4
= = 24.0311 0
F
9
ln
50
DT 86.4
R = = = 3.456
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.262054507
T1-t1 95.4
dari figure 18 (1 shell pass - 2 tube passes) hal 829 kern diperoleh : FT = 0.93
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.93 x 24.0311
= 22.3489 oF
L3-35
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 172 + 86 )/ 2 = 129.2 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran 0.75 in OD, 18 ft, 1 inc triangular pitch, 16 BWG
µ feed = 1.2 cp (light organic)
Dari tabel 8 Kern :
light organic air 75 - 150
A = Q/UD x Dttrue
1895534.8
=
100 x 22.3489
= 848.15 ft2
a"t = 0.1963 ft/ft2
a't = 0.302 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
848.154369590469
= = 240.0391605
18 x 0.1963
Nt = 302 (2P)
ID shell = 21.25 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 302 x 18 x 0.1963
= 1067.0868 ft2
UD = Q / (∆t true x A)
= 1895534.75095178
22.34893575 x 1067.0868
= 79.48316571721 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

L3-36

IDs = 21.25 in = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 302 x 0.302
= 1.00 - 0.8 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 13 in = 0.1583402777778 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 21.25 x 0.25 x 13
2 x 144 x 1
= 0.239800347 ft2

Gs = Ws / as Gt = Wt / at
= 4656.40 = 42150.02
0.2398003472222 0.1583402777778
= 19417.830346446 lb / ft2 jam = 266198.95008 lb / ft2 jam
v = Gt / (3600 x 62.5)
= 266198.95008
3600 x 62.5
= 1.183106445 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
m = 1.2 cp ID = 0.62 in (tabel 10 kern )
= 2.904 lb / ft jam = 0.05167 ft

De = 0.73 in (fig. 28, kern) m = 0.68 cp (Fig 14 kern)
= 0.06083 ft = 1.6456 lb / ft jam

Res = De x Gs / m Ret = ID x Gt / m
= 0.06083 x 19417.83035 = 0.051666667 x 266198.9501
2.904 1.6456
= 406.7669925 = 8357.81
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 12 (Fig.28 kern)

L3-37
8)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F
m = 2.904 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 0.500313137
9)'. ho = JH x (k/De) x [Cp m / k]1/3 Fs 9). faktor koreksi = 1 (Fig 25 kern)
12 x 0.50031 hi' = 380 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

ho = x 1
0.060833333 hi = 380 x 1
hio = hi x (ID/OD)
0.0516667
hio = 380 x
1.5000000
= 13.08888889 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
10).Clean overall coefisient (Uc)
= 13.08888889 x 98.69190651
13.08888889 + 98.69190651
= 88.29057456 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11).Faktor kekotoran (Rd)
= 88.29057456 - 79.48316572
88.29057456 x 79.48316572
= 0.001255043 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
Shell (hot fluid) Tube (Cold Fluid)
1.)' Res = 406.767 1). Ret = 8357.810173
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1
2)' N+1 = 12 x L x n' 2). ∆Pt = f x Gt2 x L x n

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
L3-38
= 12 x 18 x 2 = 0.0039 x 266198.9501 2
13 5.22.1010 x 0.0516666666667
= 33 x 1.5 x 2
x 1.0 x 1.0
∆Ps = 1/2 x f x Gs2 x IDs x(N + 1) = 0.3074097174554 psi
5,22 .1010 x De x S
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 19417.8 2 3). Dari fig. 27 diperoleh :
5.22.1010 x 0.06083 (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
x 1.8 x 33.2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
x 0.96619 S x 2.gc x 144
= 0.0001391 psi = 4x 2x 0.3
1
= 2.400 psi
∆Ps = 0.0001391 psi △PT = DPt + DPr

= 0.307409717 + 2.4
= 2.707409717 psi
∆P < 2 psi (memenuhi syarat) ∆P < 8 psi (memenuhi syarat)
Spesifikasi Cooler I :
Type : 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger
Bahan : Carbon steel SA 283 Grade C

Tube : OD : 0.8 inch
Panjang : 18 ft
L3-39
Pitch : 1 inch triangular pitch

Jumlah Tube (Nt) : 302 buah
Passes : 2
Shell : ID : 21 inch
Passes : 1
Heat transfer Coefficient (Clean) : 88.29057456 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
Heat transfer Coefficient (Dirt) : 79.48316572 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
Jumlah : 1 buah
11. Pompa 05 (P-05)

Fungsi = Memompa uap etanol dari separator menuju ke MP
Data - data :
Rate ethanol = 50691.1272 kg/hari = 2112.1303 kg/jam
= 4656.402459 lb/jam
Densitas ethanol = 0.642656 kg/l = 40.12013041 lb/ft3
µ ethanol = 1.2 cp = 0.000806364 lb/ft.s
= 0.0322393 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 40
12. Pompa 06 (P-06)

L3-40
Fungsi = Memompa produk bawah separator menuju ke C-02

a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.9730 0.01791336 856.10 15.33562789
FAEE 40.0080 0.73656498 790.44 582.2104225
Gliserol 13.3360 0.24552166 1261 309.6028131
Total 54.317 1 907.1488635
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.9730 0.01791336 8.09 0.144865346
FAEE 40.0080 0.73656498 1.70314 1.254473279
Gliserol 13.3360 0.24552166 21.2 5.20505919
Total 54.3170 1 6.604397815
µ campuran = 6.604397815 kg/m3 = 0.0044 lb/ft3 (heavy organic)
= 0.0310904 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
L3-41
13. Cooler 02 ( C-02 )

Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan keluaran separator dari suhu 90oC sampai dengan
60oC sebelum masuk ke decanter
(heavy organics)
T1 = 90 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
(air) Cooler II t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 60 0
C
Dt2 = 63 0
F = 140 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 10 psi
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan cooler sebelumnya maka didapatkan hasil
Spesifikasi Cooler II :

Panjang : 12.00 ft
Pitch : 1.00 inch triangular pitch
Jumlah Tube (Nt) : 203.00
Passes : 8.00
Shell : ID : 17.25 inch
L3-42
Passes : 1.00
Jumlah : 1 buah
14. Pompa 07 (P-07)

Fungsi = Memompa keluaran Cooler 02 menuju DC-01
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.9730 0.01791336 870.20 15.58820627
FAEE 40.0080 0.73656498 794.24 585.0093694
Gliserol 13.3360 0.24552166 1270 311.8125081
Total 54.317 1 912.4100838
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.9730 0.01791336 16.93 0.303273193
FAEE 40.0080 0.73656498 1.70314 1.254473279
Gliserol 13.3360 0.24552166 60.56 14.86879172
Total 54.3170 1 16.42653819
= 0.0309111 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
L3-43

schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
15. Decanter 01 (DC-01)

Fungsi : Memisahkan biodiesel dari gliserol, air dan ethanol
Tipe : Tangki penampung berbentuk silinder vertical, tutup atas
dan tutup bawah berbentuk standart dished head
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 grade C
Jumlah : 1 buah
Kondisi operasi : Tekanan = 1 atm
Suhu = 90 0
C
(z1-z3)ρ1g + z3ρ2g = z2ρ2g ( Coulson hal 344)
z2 = (z1-z3)ρ1 + z3
ρ2
Dimana : ρ1 : densitas liquid ringan
ρ2 : densitas liquid berat
z1 : jarak dari datum ke overflow liquid ringan
z2 : jarak dari datum ke overflow liquid berat
z3 : jarak dari datum ke interface
Rate massa bahan masuk = 13944.6743 kg/jam = 30742.42896178 lb/jam
L3-44
CPO 14.6417 0.017913645 642.66 11.51231158

FAEE 602.0305 0.736564797 162.677 119.8221514
Gliserol 200.6768 0.245521558 874.095 214.6091663
Total 817.349 1 345.9436293
ρ camp = 345.94363 kg/m3 = 21.59726 lb/ft3
Waktu tinggal = 1 jam
Vol bahan masuk = 13944.6743 : 345.94363
= 40.309094 m3 = 1423.4411148303 ft3
Volume tangki = 50.386368 m3 = 1779.3013935379 ft3
Settling Velocity
dd2 x g x (ρd - ρc)
ud =
18 x μc
densitas fase kontinyu :
CPO 14.6417 0.02781649 642.66 17.87643447
FAEE 511.725925 0.97218351 162.677 158.1518968
Total 526.367625 1 176.0283313
densitas fase terdispersi :

FAEE 90.304575 0.310344863 162.677 50.4859713
Gliserol 200.6768 0.689655137 874.095 602.8241069
Total 290.981375 1 653.3100782
Asumsi : dd = diameter droplet, m = 90 mm = 0.00009 m

Dimana : ud = kecepatan settling droplet fase terdispersi, m/s
ρc = densitas fase kontinyu, kg/m3 = 176.0283313 kg/m3
ρd = densitas fase terdispersi, kg/m3 = 653.3100782 kg/m3
g = kecepatan gravitasi = 9.8 m2/s
uc = kecepatan settling droplet fase kontinyu, m/s
Ai = luas area interface
maka
L3-45
0.00009 2 x 9.8 x ( 653.31 - 176.028 )

ud =
18 x 0.00085
= 0.00247625 m/s ( fase terdispersi kebawah )
karena kecepatan settling droplet kecil maka digunakan decanter vertikal
12593.1258 1
Lc = x = 0.019872315 m3/s
176.028 3600
Lc
ud =
Ai
Lc 0.019872315
Ai = = = 8.025165174 m2
ud 0.00247625
r = 1.59828 m
d = 3.19655 m
Asumsi : h = tinggi silinder = 1.5 d
= 4.79483 m
Dispersion band = 10% h
= 0.47948 m
Cek residence time : Dispersion band
t =
Ud
0.479483104 m
=
0.00247625 m/s
= 193.6327525 s
= 3.227212541 min
Sudah sesuai , karena residence time yang dianjurkan = 2 - 6 min (Coulson 347)
Cek ukuran partikel fase kontinyu :

13944.6743 1 1
velocity oil phase = x x
653.3100782 3600 8.025165174
= 0.00073881 m/s
maka, ud x 18 x μc 0.5 0.00001130 0.5
dd = =
g x (ρd - ρc) 4677.3611196137
= 0.00002199 m
= 21.99 μm
asumsi yang diambil sudah benar karena dd < 150 μm
L3-46
Sistem perpipaan
Untuk meminimalkan terjadinya entrainment oleh liquid yang masuk vessel,
maka kecepatan inlet decanter dijaga < 1 m/s (Coulson hal 348)
Flow-rate = 12593.1258 1351.5485 1

+ x
176.03 653.3100782 3600
= 0.020446974 m3/s
0.020446974 m3/s
Luas penampang pipa = = 0.020446974 m2
1 m/s
Diameter pipa = 0.161350226 m
Asumsi : posisi interface (z3) = 0.5 tinggi vessel
posisi outlet liquid ringan (z1) = 0.9 tinggi vessel
maka : z1 = 0.9 x 4.794831042 = 4.315347937 m
z3 = 0.5 x 4.794831042 = 2.397415521 m
(z1 - z3) ρ1
z2 = + z3
ρ2
= ( 4.31535 - 2.39742 ) x 176.0283313
+ 2.397415521
653.310078156291
= 2.91418 m
Spesifikasi Decanter :
Nama alat : Decanter 01
Jenis : Vertikal decanter
Fungsi : Memisahkan FAEE dan trigliserida (CPO) dari gliserol
Kapasitas : 50.386368 m3
Jumlah : 1 buah
Diameter : 3.19655 m
Tinggi vessel : 4.79483 m
Bahan konstruksi : Carbon steel SA - 240 Grade C
16. Pompa 08 (P-08)

Fungsi = Memompa produk bawah keluaran decanter 01 menuju tangki
penyimpanan (Gliserol)
L3-47

Data - data :
Rate Gliserol (+ pengotor) = 34289.256 kg/hari = 1428.719 kg/jam
= 3149.7539 lb/jam
Densitas Gliserol = 0.6523 kg/l = 40.72219207 lb/ft3
µ Gliserol = 82.23 cp = 0.055256114 lb/ft.s
= 0.0214854 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
Bahan = Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
17. Pompa 09 (P-09)

Fungsi = Memompa produk atas decanter 01 (CPO + FAEE) menuju
meeting point 02
L3-48
Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 0.8271 0.020254634 877.50 17.77344123
FAEE 40.008 0.979745366 162.677 159.3820369
Total 40.8351 1 177.1554782
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.8271 0.020254634 16.93 0.342910952
FAEE 40.008 0.979745366 2.7543 2.698512662
Total 40.8351 1 3.041423614
μ campuran = 3.041423614 cp = 0.002043746 lb/ft.s
= 0.1437722 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
meeting point 02
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
18. Pompa 10 ( P-10 )

L3-49
Jenis : Centrifugal Pump
P2
Z1 2
P1
Pompa-10
1
Data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.8271 0.020783235 877.50 18.23728846
Ethanol 4.9626 0.124699408 790.44 98.56740025
FAEE 34.0068 0.854517357 162.677 139.0103201
Total 39.7965 1 255.8150088
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.8271 0.020783235 16.93 0.351860164
Ethanol 4.9626 0.124699408 0.51 0.063596698
FAEE 34.0068 0.854517357 2.7543 2.353597157
Total 39.7965 1 2.769054018
= 0.1013717 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
L3-50

schedule = 40
Jumlah = 1.0 buah
19. Reaktor 02 (R-02)

Fin
R-01
Wout
Win
Fout

Jenis : Vertical Turbular Plug Flow Fixed Bed dengan penutup elliptical
dished heads
Kondisi Operasi : P = 15 atm = Psi
T = 200 0C
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan reaktor sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Kode : R-01
Kapasitas :
Bahan Konstruksi: Stainless steel SA-283 Grade C'
Temperatur : 200 0C
Tekanan : 15 atm
L3-51

Pendingin : Air
Ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 25
tutup atas + bawah = 2.12482
Tebal : shell = 1.25194
tutup = 1.25194
Dimensi Tube :
OD = 1.5 ft
ID = 1.4 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
Dimensi Shell :
ID = 8.4993 ft
As = 0.1825 in2
Massa Katalis :
Bagian 1 : ZnO = 57617.14455 lb
Bagian 2 : ZnO = 34709.12322 lb
Al2O3 = 24579.95348 lb
Bagian 3 : Al2O3 = 245799.5348 lb
20. Pompa 11 (P-11)

Fungsi = Memompa hasil reaksi dari R-02 menuju Separator 02
P2
Z1 2
L3-52
Z1 2
P1
1
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan pompa sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
21. Separator 02 (S-02)
S-02

keluaran reaktor 02 lainnya.
f = 12650 psi
Kondisi Operasi : Suhu = 90 oC = 363 K
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan separator sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

SPESIFIKASI ALAT
L3-53
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan Palm Fatty acid destillate (CPO) (F-111)
Fungsi : Menyimpan Palm Fatty acid distillate (CPO) untuk bahan baku
Kapasitas : #REF! ft3
ukuran :
Diameter tangki (OD) = #REF! ft
Diameter tangki (ID) = #REF! ft
Tinggi : shell = #REF! ft
tutup atas + bawah = #REF! ft
Tebal : shell = #REF! in
tutup atas = #REF! in
22. Kondensor 02 ( CO-02 )

T1 = 90.00 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
Kondensor t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 78 0
C
Dt2 = 95.4 0
F = 172.4 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan kondensor sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

Spesifikasi Kondensor (CO-02):
L3-54
Bahan : Carbon steel SA-283 Grade C

Panjang : 10 ft
Passes : 4
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
23. Cooler 03 ( C-03 )

T1 = 78.00 0
C
= 172.4 0
F Dt1 = 50.4 0
F
Cooler II t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
L3-55
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan cooler sebelumnya didapatkan hasil


Panjang : 12 ft
Passes : 2
Passes : 1
Heat transfer surface Area : ### ft2
Jumlah : 1 buah
24. Pompa 12 (P-12)

Data - data :
= 260.8239332 lb/jam
L3-56

= 0.0018059 ft3/sec

Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
25. Pompa 13 (P-13)

Fungsi = Memompa produk bawah separator menuju ke cooler-04
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.0290 0.000669683 856.10 0.573315332
FAEE 42.4024 0.980868126 790.44 775.3174017
Gliserol 0.7981 0.018462191 1261 23.28082304
Total 43.22943 1 799.17154
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.0290 0.000669683 8.09 0.005415724
FAEE 42.4024 0.980868126 1.70314 1.67055574
Gliserol 0.7981 0.018462191 21.2 0.391398452
Total 43.2294 1 2.067369917
L3-57

= 0.0321497 ft3/sec

Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Bahan Konstruksi = Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Jumlah = 1 buah
26. Cooler 04 ( C-04 )

T1 = 90 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
Cooler IV t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 60 0
C
Dt2 = 63 0
F = 140 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 10 psi
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan Cooler sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

L3-58
Spesifikasi Cooler IV :

Panjang : 16.0 ft
Jumlah Tube (Nt) : 86.0
Passes : 4.0
Passes : 2.0
Jumlah : 1 buah
27. Pompa 06 (P-06)

Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.0290 0.000669683 870.20 0.582757857
FAEE 42.4024 0.980868126 794.24 779.0447005
Gliserol 0.7981 0.018462191 1270 23.44698276
Total 43.22943 1 803.0744412
L3-59

b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.0290 0.000669683 16.93 0.011337728
FAEE 42.4024 0.980868126 1.70314 1.67055574
Gliserol 0.7981 0.018462191 60.56 1.118070296
Total 43.2294 1 2.799963764
= 0.0319935 ft3/sec
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah

Jumlah : 1 buah
Suhu = 90 0
C
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan decanter sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

L3-60

Jumlah : 1 buah
29. Pompa 08 (P-08)

Data - data :
= 170.1303 lb/jam
Rate Volumetrik = 118.305381 l/jam = 3.28626E-05 m3/sec
= 0.0011605 ft3/sec
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan pompa sebelumnya diperoleh hasil

Spesifikasi Pompa
L3-61

schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
30. Cooler 05 ( C-05 )

Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan gliserol dari 60 oC sampai dengan 30 oC
sebelum masuk ke Tangki
T1 = 60.00 0
C (gliserol)
= 140 0
F Dt1 = 18 0
F
(air) Cooler V t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 2 psi
Dengan perhitungan yang sama denga cooler sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

Spesifikasi Cooler V :
L3-62

Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 16 ft
Passes : 4
Passes : 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
31. Tangki Penyimpan Gliserol ( T-03 )
T-03
Fungsi : Menyimpan Gliserol Hasil Samping Reaksi Transesterifikasi

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 30 C
o
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5

L3-63
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan tangki sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan gliserol
and flat bottomed
Fungsi : Menyimpan Hasil Produksi Gliserol
Ukuran :
32. Pompa 16 (P-16)
Fungsi = Memompa produk FAEE menuju Tangki Penyimpanan
Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 0.02461 0.000580055 877.50 0.508998637
FAEE 42.40237 0.999419945 162.677 162.5826383
Total 42.42698 1 163.091637
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.02461 0.000580055 16.93 0.009820338
FAEE 42.40237 0.999419945 2.7543 2.752702353
L3-64
Total 42.42698 1 2.762522692

= 0.1565810 ft3/sec

Spesifikasi Pompa
Fungsi = penyimpanan (Gliserol)
Power motor = 0 hp
schedule = 0
Jumlah = 1 buah
Bahan = Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
33. Cooler 06 ( C-06 )

Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan FAEE dari 60 oC sampai dengan 30 oC
sebelum masuk ke Tangki Penyimpanan
(FAEE)
T1 = 60.00 0
C
= 140 0
F Dt1 = 18 0
F
(air) Cooler VI t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 2 psi
L3-65
Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan cooler sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

Spesifikasi Cooler VI :

Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 20 ft
Passes : 33
Passes : 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
34. Tangki Penyimpan Fatty Acid Etil Ester ( T-04 )
T-04
Fungsi : Menyimpan Hasil Produksi FAEE

and flat bottomed
L3-66

f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 30 C
o
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5

Dengan perhitungan yang sama dengan tangki sebelumnya didapatkan hasil

SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan FAEE
Tipe : Tangki penampung berbentuk silinder tegak, tutup atas standard
dished dan tutup bawah datar pada pondasi
Fungsi : Menyimpan hasil Produksi FAEE
Kapasitas : 1328300.2098 ft3
Ukuran :
a. Diameter tangki (OD) = 80 ft
tutup atas = 2.5 in
L3-67
L3-68
be dengan penutup
L3-69
−0,42) 0,9946 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄(𝑓𝑡.ℎ))/(189,27165 𝑓𝑡)+1,75 𝑥 410,3710 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2/ℎ)

L3-70
L3-71
L3-72
12593.126
LAMPIRAN C
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
1. Tangki Penyimpan CPO (T-01)
T-01
Fungsi : Menyimpan CPO selama proses

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 50 o
C
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.50
Vol Liquid = 80% volume tangki

a. Perhitungan diameter dan tebal shell
Kebutuhan CPO = 871308.312 kg/hari = 1920886.305 lb/hari
Kebutuhan tangki penampung masing-masing = 6723102.0662 lb
ρCPO = 0.875 kg/l = 54.631 lb/ft3
6723102.066
Volume Liquid = = 123063.213 ft3/hari
54.631
123063.213
80%
Ls = 1.5 x D
153829.0168 = 0.085 D3 + π/4 D2 Ls
153829.0168 = 0.085 D3 + 0.785 x 1.5 D3
153829.0168 = 1.262 D3
D3 = 121873.7259 ft3
D = 49.580 ft
Ls = 1.5 x D
Ls = 1.5 x 49.580
Ls = 74.369 ft
Volume liquida = Vol. liquida dalam silinder
123063.213 = π/4 D2 H liq
123063.213 = 1929.640 H liq
Hliq = 63.775 ft
P alat = 14.7 Psi
= ( 54.631 x 63.7752 / 144 ) + 14.7
= 38.895 Psia
= 40.840 psia

Dipilih sambungan las double welded butt joint, E = 0.8 (Brownell & Young,tabel 13.2)

Pd ri
ts = + C
f E - 0,6 Pd
40.840 x 297.478
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 40.840
ts = 1.328
OD = ID + 2ts
= 594.956 + 2
= 596.956 in

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 420.0 - 2 x 1
= 418 in = 34.8333
Tinggi bagian silinder tangki (Ls) = 1.5 x ID
= 1.5 x 418
= 627.00 in
= 52.250 ft

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

rc = ID = 418 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
0.885 x 40.840 x 418
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 40.840
= 1.618 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 1.5 in (Brownell. hal 88 )

= 418 in
Inside Corner Radius (icr) = 3.75 in (Brownell,hal 88 )
AB = ri - icr
= 209 - 3.75
= 205.25 in = 17.104 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 418 - 3.75
= 414.25 in = 34.521 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

= 418 - 359.827
= 58.173 in = 4.848 ft

= 1.5 + 58.173 + 4.5
= 64.173 in = 5.348 ft

= 52.250 + 5.348
= 57.598 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (T-01)
Fungsi : Menyimpan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) untuk bahan baku
ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 52.25 ft
tutup atas = 5.348 ft 57.598
tutup atas = 1.5 in
lb/hari
lb/ft3
ft3/hari
14.7
ll & Young,tabel 13.1)

(Brownell. hal 88 )
(Brownell,hal 88 )
standard dished dan
2. Pompa Feed CPO (P-01)
Fungsi = Memompa CPO dari CPO storage menuju Meet Point I
P2
Z2 - Z1
1 2
Z2
P1 3
Z1
Data - data :
Rate CPO = 871308.312 kg/hari = 36304.513 kg/jam
= 80036.929 lb/jam
Densitas CPO = 0.875 kg/l = 54.631 lb/ft3
µ CPO = 28.68 cp = 0.019 lb/ft.s
= 0.407 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 x ρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.407 ft3/sec
ρ = 54.631 lb/ft3
ID = 4.813 in = 0.122 m = 0.401 ft
A = 0.046 ft2 = 117.5 x 10-4 m2
0.4069551 ft3/sec
0.04587 ft 2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
54.631 x 0.401 x 8.872
=
0.019
= 10086.656
Karena Nre < 2100 maka benar merupakan aliran turbulen
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 8.872 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.673 ft.lbf/lbm

2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 8.872 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 17.43071732 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 10086.656
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001146939707
f = 0.006
16
Nre
16
=
10086.656407807
= 0.002
DP 0
ρ 54.63128971
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.672764528 + 17.43071732 + 0 + 0.002
= 18.105 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 78.711 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
78.711
(- Ws) = 0 + 20 + + 18.105
2 x 32.174
= 39.328 ft lbf/lbm
Diperoleh efisiensi pompa adalah = 80 %

Ws = (- h Wp)
-39.328 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 49.160 ft lbf/lbm

= 80036.929 lb/jam x 49.160 ft lbf/lbm
= 22.232 lb/s x 49.160 ft lbf/lbm
= 1092.956 ft.lbf/s
= 1.987 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa CPO (L-115)
Fungsi = Memompa CPO dari CPO storage menuju mixer
Type = Positive Displacement Pump
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 2 buah
3. Tangki Penyimpan Ethanol ( T-02 )
T-02
Fungsi : Menyimpan Ethanol selama proses

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 30 o
C
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5
Menentukan Dimensi Tangki
Perhitungan diameter dan tebal shell
Kebutuhan Ethanol = 140650.363 kg/hari = 310077.7907 lb/hari
ρEthanol = 0.7904 g/cm3 = 49.346 lb/ft3

930233.372
Volume Liquid = = 18851.39896 ft3
49.346
18851.399
0.8
Ls = 1.50 x D
23564.249 = 0.085 D3 + π/4 D2 Ls
23564.249 = 0.085 D3 + 0.7850 x 1.5 D3
23564.249 = 1.262 D3
D3 = 18669.2 ft3
D = 26.528 ft
Ls = 1.5 x D
Ls = 1.5 x 26.528
Ls = 39.792 ft

Volume liquid = Vol. liquida dalam silinder
18851.39896 = Π/4 D2 H liq
18851.39896 = 552.442 x H liq
Hliq = 34.124 ft

P alat = 14.700 Psi
= ( 49.346 x 34.124 / 144 ) + 14.7
= 26.393 Psia
= 27.713 psia

Dipergunakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel dengan spesifikasi SA-283 Grade C
fallowable = 12650 psi (Brownell, tabel 13.1)
Dipilih sambungan las double welded butt joint dengan, E = 0.8 (Brownell, tabel 13.2)

Pd ri
ts = + C
f E - 0,6 Pd
27.713 x 159.169
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.6 x 27.713
ts = 0.562 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 318.339 + 1.00
= 319.339 in
Standarisasi OD = 240 in = 20.0 ft (Brownell & Young,tabel 5.7)

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 240.00 - 1.00
= 239.00 in = 19.92 ft
Tinggi bagian silinder tangki (Ls) = 1.5 ID
= 1.5 x 239.00
= 358.500 in
= 29.875 ft

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

rc = ID = 239.00 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
= 0.885 x 27.7131 x 239
+ 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 27.713
= 0.704 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 5/8 = 0.63 in

= 239 in
Inside Corner Radius (icr) = 1.5 in (Brownell & Young,hal 88)
AB = ri - icr
= 119.50 - 1.5
= 118.00 in = 9.833 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 239.00 - 1.5
= 237.5 in = 19.792 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5
= 239.00 - 206.112
= 32.8878 in = 2.741 ft

= 0.63 + 32.8878 + 3.5
= 37.013 in = 3.084 ft

= 29.875 + 3.084
= 32.959 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan Ethanol (T-02)
dan flat bottomed
Fungsi : Menyimpan Ethanol untuk bahan baku
Ukuran :
4. Pompa Feed Ethanol (P-02)
Fungsi = Memompa Ethanol dari Ethanol storage menuju MeetPoint I
P2
Z2 - Z1
1 2
Z2
P1 3
Z1
Titik referens
Titik 1 = Ethanol Storage
Titik 2 = Meet Point
Data - data :
Rate Ethanol = 140650.368 kg/hari = 5860.432 kg/jam
= 12919.908 lb/jam
Densitas Ethanol = 0.7904 kg/l = 49.346 lb/ft3
µ Ethanol = 1.02 cp = 0.00068541 lb/ft.s
= 0.073 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran Ethanol adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13 (Peter Timmerhaus edisi IV hal 496)
Dimana :
Qf = 0.073 ft3/sec
ρ = 49.346 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 2.000 inc, sch 80 (Geankoplis 4ed.Appendik A.5-1)
ID = 1.939 in = 0.049 m = 0.1615769 ft
A = 0.021 ft2 = 19.050 x 104 m2

0.073 ft3/sec
0.021 ft2
ρx D x v
Nre =
µ
49.346 x 0.162 x 3.548

= = 41269.770
0.001
Karena Nre > 2100 maka asumsi aliran turbulen sudah benar
(A1>>A3) (Geankoplis persamaan 2.10 - 16)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)

Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 3.548 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.108 ft.lbf/lbm

Dipilih sambungan berupa (GeanKoplisTabel 2.10.-1)

2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 3.548 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 2.787 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 41269.770
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.000284694214
f = 0.0058 (geankoplis.fig 2.10-3)
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc (geankoplis.3ed.pers 2.10-6)
4 x 0.0058 x 60 x 3.548 2
=
0.162 x 2 x 32.174
= 1.685 ft.lbf/lbm
DP 0
ρ 49.346
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.108 + 2.787 + 0 + 1.685
= 4.580 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 12.586 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
12.58637847
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 4.580
2 x 32.174
= 14.776 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-14.776 = -0.80 x Wp
Pump Horse Power (P) = Mass Flow Rate x Wp
= 12919.908 lb/jam x 18.469 ft lbf/lbm
= 3.589 lb/s x 18.469 ft lbf/lbm
= 66.284 ft.lbf/s
= 0.121 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa Feed Ethanol (P-02)
Fungsi = Memompa Ethanol dari Ethanol storage menuju meet point 1
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
5. Pompa 03 (P-03)
Jenis : Reciprocating Pump
P2
Z1 2
P1
1
Data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 42.927 0.143 877.500 125.357
Ethanol 257.562 0.857 790.440 677.520
Total 300.489 1 802.877
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 42.927 0.143 28.68 4.097
Ethanol 257.562 0.857 0.768 0.658
Total 300.489 1 4.755
= 0.121 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran Campuran adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 x ρ0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.121 ft3/sec
ρ = 242.590 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size : 3.5 inc, sch 80 (Geankoplis 4ed.Appendik A.5-1)
ID = 3.364 in = 0.08545 m = 0.280 ft

A = 0.062 ft2 = 57.35 x 104 m2

0.121 ft3/sec
0.062 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
242.590 x 0.280 x 1.967
=
0.003
= 41853.622
Karena Nre > 2100 maka aliran berupa aliran turbulen

(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 1.967 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.033 ft.lbf/lbm

2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.3
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
6 x( 1.967 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.361 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus
Nre = 41853.622
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001640969325
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
D x 2gc
4x 0.0058 x 100 x 1.967 2
=
0.280 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.4974845 ft.lbf/lbm
d). Pressure drop di Meet Point I :

P2 - P1 = (15 - 1) atm = 14 atm = 31027.038 lbf / ft2
∆P 31027.038
hfh = = = 127.899 ft.lbf / lbm
ρ 242.590
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.033 + 0.361 + 127.899
+ 0.4974845
= 128.790 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P2 = 1519.875 Pa
P1 = 101.325 Pa
z1 = 12 ft lbf/lbm
(v22 - v12) = 3.868 ft2/s2
P2 - P1 = 1418.550 Pa
3.868
(- Ws) = 1418.55 + 12 + + 128.790
2 x 32.174
= 1559.400 ft lbf/lbm
Diasumsikan efisiensi pompa adalah = 80 %
Ws = (- h Wp)
-1559.400 = -0.80 x Wp

= 105974.910 lb/jam x 1949.250 ft lbf/lbm
= 29.437 lb/s x 1949.250 ft lbf/lbm
= 57381.008 ft.lbf/s
= 104.329 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Nama Alat = Pompa 03
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
48170.41
6. Reaktor Transesterifikasi 01 (R-01)
F-in
W-in
W-out
F-out

Jenis : Vertical Turbular Plug Flow Fixed Bed Multi tube dengan penutup
elliptical dished heads
T = 200 0C
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 42.927 0.143 810.40 115.771
Ethanol 257.562 0.857 564 483.429
Total 300.489 1 599.2
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 42.927 0.143 2.308 0.330
Ethanol 257.562 0.857 0.095 0.081
Total 300.489 1 0.411

1). CPO
FAO 78.700
CAO = =
Q 147.384
= 0.534 kmol/m3
2). Ethanol
FAO 472.197
CBO = =
Q 147.384
= 3.204 kmol/m3

= 147.384 m3/110 menit x 110 menit
= 147.384 m3

VTR actual = 1.2 x 147.384
= 176.861 m3

Reaksi :
m: CAO CBO

CB = CBO - 3 CAO XA
CC = 3 CAO XA
CD = CAO XA

dCa
dt
  
3 3

Data : CAO = 0.5340 kmol/m3
CBO = 3.2039 kmol/m3
FAO = 78.700 kmol/110 menit
V = 176.861 m3
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡={𝑘_1 (0,5340 −0,5340 𝑥 0,932) [(3,2039−3 𝑥 0,5340 𝑥

0,932)]^3 }−{𝑘_2 ( 〖 3(0,5340 𝑥 0,932) 〗 ^3 (0,5430 𝑥 0,932))}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,5340−0,4976) [3,2039−(3𝑥0,4976)]^3 }− {𝑘_2 (3𝑥0,4976)^3

(0,4976)}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,0364)(5,0098)}− {𝑘_2 (3,3266)(0,4976)}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,1823)}− {𝑘_2 (1,6553)}

Dimana A = 3
= -470110 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -470.699 kkal/mol
= -56606.119 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -57.196 kkal/mol

= -470.699 + -57.196
= -527.895 kkal/mol
-E 527.895
= = 0.896
RT 589.444
K = Ae -E/RT
K1 = 3 e 0.896
= 7.346 kmol/m3s
= -164411.91 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -165.001 kkal/mol
= -1622.836 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 298 K)
= -2.212 kkal/mol

= -165.001 + -2.212
= -167.214 kkal/mol
-E 167.214
= = 0.284
RT 589.444
K = Ae -E/RT
k2 = 3 e 0.284
= 3.984 kmol/m3s

- ra = k1 x 0.000 - k2 x 0.000
- ra = 7.346 x 0.000 - 3.984 x 0.000
= 0.000
-dCT = - CTO dx
Integralkan menjadi
ln (1 – x ) = kt1 + C
- rA = k CA
= k { CA0 ( 1 - X ) }
= 7.346 x { 0.534 - ( 1 - 0.932 ) }
= 3.423 kmol/m3s

dk / dT = 0.15
dT = 0.225 / 0.15
= 1.5000 in
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.116667 ft
LT = 25 ft

BWG = 18
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.11662 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
= 1.875 - 1.5 = 0.375 in

= ¼ x 3.14 x 0.1166 2
x 25
= 0.267 ft3
Volume tube reaktor
Jumlah tube (Nt) =
Volume 1 buah tube
483.419
=
0.267
= 1811.207 buah
= 1811 buah

Diketahui
OD = 1.5 in = 0.125 ft
Dipertimbangkan clearence (C’) antara reactor = 0,5 OD
C’ = 0.5 x 0.1250
= 0.062 ft
PT = OD + C'
= 0.125 + 0.062
= 0.187 ft
Shell Area, As
= ½ x 0.187 x ( 0.187 x 0.866 )
= 0.25602 ft2
Diameter Shell
Ds = ( NT x As x 4 / π )0,5
= ( 1811.21 x 0.25602 x 4 / π ) 0.5
= 24.305 ft
Hs = ¼ Ds
= ¼ x 24.305
= 6.076 ft
Tinggi reaktor , Hr
Hr = LT + Hs
= 25 + 6.076
= 31.076 ft
m. Volume Reaktor
VHR = 2 ( ¼ π Ds2 . Hs)
= 2 x ( ¼ x π x 24.305 2
x 6.076 )
= 5635.139 ft3
Vs = ¼ π Ds2 x HR
= ¼ x π 24.305 2
x 31.076
= 14410.316 ft3
= 5635.139 + 14410.316
= 20045.456 ft3

PD
2 SEj - 0.2 P
Dimana :
16.5000 x 24.3046
t = + 0.01042
2 x 935.374 x 80% - 0.2 x 16.5000
= 0.279 ft = 3.348 in

= 24.305 + 0.558 = 24.863 ft
o. Volume Katalis
Vk = ( 1 – εp ) Vt
Dimana :
Vk = Volume Katalis
Vt = Volume Reaktor


Bagian Pertama 0.5 16.60% 3327.546
Bagian Kedua 0.6 20.00% 4009.091
Bagian Ketiga 1.9 63.00% 20045.456
1). Bagian Pertama

Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 3327.546
= 1929.976 ft3
= 336.36 x 1929.976
= 649166.888 lb
2). Bagian Kedua
a). Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 0.5 x 4009.091
= 1162.636 ft3
= 336.36 x 1162.636
= 391064.3904 lb
= 1162.636 ft3
= 238.2 x 1162.636
= 276939.998 lb
3). Bagian Ketiga
Volume Alumina = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 20045.456
= 11626.364 ft3
= 238.2 x 11626.364
= 2769399.982 lb

(Fogler, 1999)

4,17𝑥10^8 ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 )
gc :
G : Kecepatan Massa Superficial (lbm/ft2h)

𝑑𝑃/(100 𝑓𝑡)=−(1231,113 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄( 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2 ℎ))/(170,4133 𝑙𝑏/ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^3 . 4,17𝑥10^8 ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 ).0,01875𝑓𝑡) ((1−0,42)/ 〖 0,42
𝑑𝑃/100=−(1231,113 )/(1,3324𝑥10^9 ) (0,58/0,0741)(86,5302/0,01875+2154,4477)
𝑑𝑃/100=−9,2398𝑥10^(−7) (7,8273)(6769,3917)
𝑑𝑃/100=−0,048958
𝑑𝑃=−4,8958 〖 𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓⁄ 〖 𝑓𝑡〗 ^2
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Kode : R-01
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless steel SA-283 Grade C'
Temperatur : 200 0C
Tekanan : 15 atm
Pendingin : Air
Ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 25 ft
tutup = 3.348 in
Dimensi Tube :
OD = 1.5 ft
ID = 1.4 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
Dimensi Shell :
ID = 24.305 ft
As = 3.072 in2
Massa Katalis :
Bagian 1 : ZnO = 649166.888 lb
Bagian 2 : ZnO = 391064.3904 lb
Al2O3 = 276939.998 lb
Bagian 3 : Al2O3 = 2769399.982 lb
48197.415
Pv ris
C
2f.E - 0,6 Pv 
242.550 x
t =
2 x( 13,750.000 x 80%
= 0.261 in
〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 ).0,01875𝑓𝑡) ((1−0,42)/ 〖 0,42 〗 ^3 )((150(1−0,42) 0,9946 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄(𝑓𝑡.ℎ))/(0,01875 𝑓𝑡)+1,75 𝑥 1231,113 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2/ℎ)
12.152
+ 0.125
80% - 0.6 x 242.5500
7. Pompa 04 (P-04)
Fungsi = Memompa hasil reaksi dari R-01 menuju Evaporator
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 8.757 0.011 810.40 8.639
Ethanol 412.62 0.502 564.00 283.298
FAEE 360.075 0.438 791.44 346.916
Gliserol 40.008 0.049 1260 61.366
Total 821.460 1 700.219
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 8.757 0.011 2.850 0.030
Ethanol 412.620 0.502 0.120 0.060
FAEE 360.075 0.438 0.824 0.361
Gliserol 40.008 0.049 8.370 0.408
Total 821.460 1 0.859
= 0.139 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.139 ft3/sec
ρ = 211.572 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 3.5 inc, sch 80
ID = 3.364 in = 0.08545 m = 0.280 ft
A = 0.062 ft2 = 57.35 x 104 m2

0.139 ft3/sec
0.062 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
211.572 x 0.280 x 2.255
=
0.001
= 231568.485
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.255 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.043 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 2.255 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 1.126 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 231568.485
ε pipa = 0.000138
ε/ D = 0.0028019963209
f = 0.0174
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.01740 x 50 x 2.255054216 2
=
3.2204990 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.085 ft.lbf/lbm
DP 0
ρ 211.5721038
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.043 + 1.126 + 0 + 0.085
= 1.255 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 5.085 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
5.085
(- Ws) = 0 + 30 + + 1.255
2 x 32.174
= 31.334 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-31.334 = -0.80 x Wp

= 105974.910 lb/jam x 39.168 ft lbf/lbm
= 29.437 lb/s x 39.168 ft lbf/lbm
= 1152.993 ft.lbf/s
= 2.096 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
unyai kapasitas besar
geankoplis.3ed.pers 2.10-6)
0.085
ft lbf/lbm
ft lbf/lbm
8. Evaporator 01 ( E-01 ).
t1 = 90.00 0
C (Etanol)
= 194 0
F
Dt1 = 198.0 0
F
(feed mix)
Evaporator
T1, T2 = 200 0C
= 392 0F
t2 = 78 0
C (FAEE, gliserol, sisa CPO)
Dt2 = 219.6 0
F = 172.4 0
F
1) Neraca Energi
Rate pemanas = 6983.7178 kg/jam = 15396.3043 lb/jam
Q steam = 158407.2750 kkal/jam = 628201.4396 btu/jam
2) LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
a. LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
219.6 - 198.0
= = 208.61 0
F
219.6
ln
198
b. T1 - T2 Dt
R = S =
Dt T1 - t1
392 - 392 = 21.6
=
21.6 392 - 194
= 0 = 0.1091
FT = 0.95 (Kern, Fig 18)
∆t true = 198.183 0F
3) tc = ( 194 + 172 ) / 2 = 183.2 0
F
µ distilate = 2.5 cp (heavy organic)
Dari tabel 10, kern

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid UD
steam 16 6-60
628201.4
=
60 x 198.183
= 52.83 ft2
a"t = 0.2277 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
52.83
= = 23.2016
10 x 0.2277
Nt = 26
ID shell = 10 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 26 x 10 x 0.2277 = 59.202 ft2
628201.440
=
198.183 x 59.202
= 53.542 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

4). Flow area
at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
26 x 0.594
=
144 x 4
= 0.027 ft2
5). Mass velocity

Gt = wt / at
15396.304
=
0.027
= 574221.138 lb/ft2 jam
V = 574221.13797222 lb/ft2 jam

3600 x 62.4 lb/ft3
= 2.555 ft/s
6). Menentukan bilangan reynold
tc = 183.200 F
o
ID = 0.870 in (tabel 10 kern )
= 0.0725 ft
μ = 0.5800 cp
= 1.4036 lb / ft jam
Ret = ID x Gt / μ
0.0725 x 574221.138
=
1.4036
= 29660.183
Ln/D = 12x2/ID
= 12x2/0,0725
= 331
7). JH = 90 (Kern, Fig.24)
8). tc = 183.200 F
o
µ = 1.4036 lb / ft jam
k [Cp µ / k]1/3 = 0.60305
9)'. condensation of steam : 9). faktor koreksi = 0.94 (Fig 25 kern)
ho = 1500 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) hi' = 520 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

hi = 520 x 0.94
10)'. tw = 489 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
tw = tc + ho (T - tc)
hio + ho hio = hi x ID/OD
= 345,88 °F = 489 x 0.0725
0.0833
= 425.2560
10). Clean overall coefisient (Uc)

= 425.256 x 1500
425.256 + 1500
= 779.117 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11). Faktor kekotoran (Rd)
= 779.117 - 53.542
779.117 x 53.542
= 0.0173933532458 > 0.004
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Evaporator 01 (E-01)
Bahan : Carbon Steel SA - 283 grade - C
Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 10 ft
Passes : 4
Shell : ID : 0 inch
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
9. Kondensor 01 ( CD-01 ).
Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan uap Ethanol yang berasal dari distilasi
T1 = 90.00 C (Etanol)
0
= 194 F
0
Dt1 = 72 0F
(air)
Kondensor t2 = 50 0C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0F
= 77 0F
T2 = 78 0
C
Dt2 = 95.4 F
0
= 172.4 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
1) Neraca Energi
2) LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
a. LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
95.4 - 72
= = 83.15 0
F
95.4
ln
72
b. T1 - T2 Dt
R = S =
Dt T1 - t1
194 - 172 = 45
=
45 194 - 77
= 0.48 = 0.385
FT = 0.95 (Kern, Fig 18)
∆t true = 78.994 0
F
3) Tc = ( 194 + 172 ) / 2 = 183.2 0
F
tc = ( 122 + 77 ) / 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dari tabel 8, kern

light organic air 75-150

692389.5
=
150 x 78.99437
= 58.43 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
58.43
= = 22.31996209
10 x 0.2618
Nt = 24
ID shell = 10 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 24 x 10 x 0.2618 = 62.832 ft2
692389.534422589
=
=
78.9943702 x 62.832
= 139.499763058809 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

IDs = 10 inc at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD 24 x 0.594
=
= 1 1/4 - 1 = 1/4 in 144 x 6
B = 5 in = 0.017 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
10 x 1/4 x 5
=
1 x 144 x 1 1/4
= 0.0694 ft2

Gs = Ws / as Gt = wt / at
13975.8212 15396.3043
= =
0.069 0.017
= 201251.825 lb/ft2 jam = 933109.3492 lb/ft2 jam
Loading
G'' = W V = 933109.34920485 lb/ft2 jam
3,14 Nt D 3600 x 62.4 lb/ft3
13975.82 = 4.152 ft/s
=
3,14 x 24 x 0.0725
= 2557.988 lb/ft2 jam
6)'. Menentukan bilangan reynold 6). Menentukan bilangan reynold
Tc = 183.2 F
o
tc = 99.500 o
F
= 0.025652 lb / ft jam = 0.0725 ft

De = 0.72 in (fig. 28, kern) μ = 0.5800 cp
= 0.06 ft = 1.4036 lb / ft jam
Res = De x Gs / µ Ret = ID x Gt / μ
= 0.06 x 201251.82497 0.0725 x 933109.3492
=
=
0.025652 1.4036
= 470727.7989 = 48197.797
Fs = (µ/µw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 300 (Kern, Fig.28)
8)'. Tc = 183.2 F
o
µ = 0.0257 lb / ft jam
k [Cp µ / k]1/3 = 0.1073
300 x 0.10727 hi' = 375 Btu/jam(ft )( F)

2 o
ho = x 1
0.06 hi = 375 x 0.94
hio = hi x ID/OD
= 353 x 0.0725
0.0833
= 306.675

= 306.675 x 536.3735
306.675 + 536.3735
= 636.231 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 636.231 - 139.500
636.231 x 139.500
= 0.0056 > 0.004
Pressure Drop
1') Tc = 183.2 o
F 1). Ret = 48197.7970
De = 0.720 in = 0.060 ft S = 1.00 (Kern,Fig.26)
Res = De x Gs / m
0.06 x 201251.82497 2). f x Gt2 x L x n
= DPt =
0.0257 5,22 .1010 x ID x S
= 470727.7989 0.00030 x 933109 2
x 16
=
f = 0.0012 ft2/in2 (Kern, Fig. 29) 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
IDs = 10.00 in x 6
x 1.00
2') N+1 = 12 x L / B = 6.626 psi
12 x 10
= = 24
5 3) DPr = 4 n x V2 x 62.5
DPs =
5,22 .1010 x De x S
0.5 x 0.0012 x 201251.825 2 (V2 x 62.5) / (2gc x 144) = 0.025
=
5.22.1010 x 0.1 DPr = 4 x 0.025 x 6
x 0.8 x 24 1.0
x 0.79327 = 0.60 psi
= 0.003009575 psi DPT = 6.62596 + 0.6
= 7.22596 psi
Spesifikasi Kondensor (CD-01):

Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 10 ft
Passes : 6
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
10. Cooler 01 ( C-01 )
Type : 1-2 shell and tube heat exchanger, countercurrent
T1 = 78.00 0
C (Etanol)
= 172.4 0
F Dt1 = 50.4 0
F
(air) Cooler 1 t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
9 - 50.4
= = 24.0311 0
F
9
ln
50
DT 86.4
R = = = 3.456
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.26205
T1-t1 95.4
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.93 x 24.0311
= 22.34894 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 172 + 86 )/ 2 = 129.2 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran 0.75 in OD, 18 ft, 1 inc triangular pitch, 16 BWG
µ feed = 1.2 cp
Dari tabel 8 Kern :
A = Q/UD x Dttrue
5688004.4
=
100 x 22.3489
= 2545.09 ft2
a"t = 0.1963 ft/ft2
a't = 0.302 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
2545.0896
= = 720.2948
18 x 0.1963
Nt = 728 (2P)
ID shell = 31.00 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 728 x 18 x 0.1963
= 2572.3152 ft2
UD = Q / (∆t true x A)
= 5688004.40642846
22.3489 x 2572.3152
= 98.9416 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
IDs = 31.00 in = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 728 x 0.302
= 1.00 - 0.75 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 13 in = 0.3817 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 31.00 x 0.25 x 13
2 x 144 x 1
= 0.3498 ft2

= 13975.82 = 126481.18
0.3498 0.3817
= 39950.7344844101 lb / ft2 jam = 331367.62508308 lb / ft2 jam

v = Gt / (3600 x 62.5)
= 331367.625083077
3600 x 62.5
= 1.472745 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 2.904 lb / ft jam = 0.05167 ft

= 0.06083 ft = 1.6456 lb / ft jam

= 0.06083 x 39950.73448 = 0.051666667 x 331367.6251
2.904 1.6456
= 836.8926817 = 10403.90
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 12 (Fig.28 kern)
8)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F
m = 2.904 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 0.5003131372
12 x 0.500313 hi' = 380 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

ho = x 1
0.0608 hi = 380 x 1
hio = hi x (ID/OD)
0.0516667
hio = 380 x
1.5000000
= 13.0889 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

= 13.0889 x 98.6919
13.0889 + 98.6919
= 88.2906 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

= 88.2906 - 98.9416
88.2906 x 98.9416
= -0.00121926 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 836.893 1). Ret = 10403.9017
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1
2)' N+1 = 12 x L x n' 2). ∆Pt = f x Gt2 x L x n

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 18 x 2 = 0.0039 x 331367.6251 2
13 5.22.1010 x 0.0517
= 33 x 1.5 x 2
x 1.0 x 1.0
∆Ps = 1/2 x f x Gs2 x IDs x(N + 1) = 0.4763 psi
5,22 .1010 x De x S
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 39950.73 2 3). Dari fig. 27 diperoleh :
5.22.1010 x 0.060833 (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
x 2.6 x 33.2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
x 0.96619 S x 2.gc x 144
= 0.0008588 psi = 4x 2x 0.3
1
= 2.400 psi
PRESSURE DROP
∆Ps = 0.0008588 psi △PT = DPt + DPr
= 0.4763 + 2.4
= 2.8763 psi
∆P < 2 psi (memenuhi syarat) ∆P < 8 psi (memenuhi syarat)
Spesifikasi Cooler I :
Panjang : 18 ft
Pitch : 1 inch triangular pitch
Passes : 2
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
57371.4876
1434287.19
11. Pompa 05 (P-05)
Data - data :
= 13975.82118 lb/jam
= 0.0968 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran ethanol adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.09676 ft3/sec
ρ = 40.12013 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 2 1/2 inc, sch 40
ID = 2.469 in = 0.06271 m = 0.2057418 ft
A = 0.03322 ft2 = 30.8900 x 104 m2

0.0968 ft3/sec
0.0332 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
40.1201 x 0.2057 x 2.9128
=
0.0008
= 29817.1675
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.9128 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.0725 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 14.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 2.9128 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 1.8789 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 29817.167513462
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0002235812397
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 150 x 2.912814785 2

=
2.2032934 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.2083 ft.lbf/lbm
DP 0
ρ 40.1201
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.0725 + 1.8789 + 0 + 0.2083
= 2.1597 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa P2 = 101.325 kPa
z2 - z1 = 12 ft lbf/lbm P1 - P2 = 0 Pa
(v22 - v12) = 8.4845 ft2/s2
8.4845
(- Ws) = 0 + 12 + + 2.1597
2 x 32.174
= 14.2915 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-14.29153665824 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 17.86442082 ft lbf/lbm

= 13975.8212 lb/jam x 17.8644 ft lbf/lbm
= 3.8822 lb/s x 17.8644 ft lbf/lbm
= 69.3528 ft.lbf/s
= 0.1261 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 40
12. Pompa 06 (P-06)
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 2.9190 0.0179 856.10 15.3356
FAEE 120.0240 0.7366 790.44 582.2104
Gliserol 40.0080 0.2455 1261 309.6028
Total 162.9510 1 907.1489
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 2.9190 0.0179 8.09 0.1449
FAEE 120.0240 0.7366 1.70314 1.2545
Gliserol 40.0080 0.2455 21.2 5.2051
Total 162.9510 1 6.6044
= 0.0933 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran campuran adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0933 ft3/sec
ρ = 274.0961 lb/ft3
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2417 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.610 x 104 m2
0.0933 ft3/sec
0.0459 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
274.0961 x 0.2417 x 2.0334
=
0.0044380
= 30348.496298343
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.0334 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.0353 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 2.0334 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.9156 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 30348.496298343
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 100 x 2.0334 2

=
2.7821 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.0536 ft.lbf/lbm
DP 0
ρ 274.0960991
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.0353 + 0.9156 + 0 + 0.0536
= 1.0045 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 4.13462789 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
4.1346
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 1.0045
2 x 32.174
Ws = (- h Wp)
-11.06879707749 = -0.80 x Wp

= 92034.8504 lb/jam x 13.8360 ft lbf/lbm
= 25.5652 lb/s x 13.8360 ft lbf/lbm
= 353.7205 ft.lbf/s
= 0.6431 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
13. Cooler 02 ( C-02 )
(heavy organics)
T1 = 90 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
(air) Cooler II t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 60 0
C
Dt2 = 63 0
F = 140 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004

∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 10 psi
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
63 - 72
= = 67.3999
63
ln
72
DT 54
R = = = 2.16
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.2137
T1-t1 117
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.97 x 67.3999
= 65.37788 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 194 + 140 ) / 2 = 167 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 ) / 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran 0.75 in OD, 12 ft, 1.00 inc triangular pit 16 BWG
CPO 2.9190 0.0179 16.93 0.3033
FAEE 120.0240 0.7366 1.70314 1.2545
Gliserol 40.0080 0.2455 82.23 20.1892
Total 162.9510 1 21.7470
Dari tabel 8 Kern

heavy organic water 5 - 75
A = Q / (UD x Dttrue)
= 2017726.0
50 x 65.3779
= 617.25 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / ( L x a"t )
= 617.2503 = 196.4764
12 x 0.2618
Nt = 203 (1P)
ID shell = 17.25 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 203 x 12 x 0.2618
= 637.745 ft2
= 2017725.98746827
65.3779 x 637.7448
= 48.3932 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

IDs = 17.25 in at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 203 x 0.594
= 1.00 - 0.75 = 0.25 144 x 1
B = 12 = 0.8374 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 17.3 x 0.25 x 12
1 x 144 x 1
= 0.3725 ft2

= 92227.29 = 44867.12
0.3725 0.8374
= 247605.178336696 lb / ft2 jam = 53580.675802884 lb / ft2 jam
v = Gt / (3600 x 62.5)
= 53580.675802884
3600 x 62.5
= 0.2381 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 167.0 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 52.6277 lb / ft jam = 0.05167 ft

= 0.06083 ft = 1.7424 lb / ft jam

Res = (De x Gs) / m Ret = (ID x Gt) / m
= 0.0608 x 247605.178 = 0.0517 x 53580.6758
52.6277 1.7424
= 286.2113 = 1588.8056
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 9 (Fig.28 kern)
8)'. Tc = 167.00 o
F
Cp = 0.7697 Btu / lb oF
m = 52.6277 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 1.3629
Fs = 9 x 1.3629 hi' = 330 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

0.0608 hi = 330 x 1
10)'. tw = tc + ho (Tc - tc) 10). hio = hi x ID/OD
hio + ho Fp = 323.4 x 0.62
= 133.3445 0
F 1
mw = 1.78 cp = 200.508 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam Fp = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
Fs = (m/mw)0.14
= 52.6277 ^0.14
tw = 133.3445 0
F
4.3076 mw = 0.5 cp
= 1.4196 = 1.21 lb / ft jam
ho = 201.6346 Fs Fp = 1.7424 ^0.14
= 286.2477 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) 1.21
= 1.05
hio = 200.508 x Fp
= 211.0097 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 211.0097 x 286.2477
211.0097 + 286.2477
= 121.4684 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

= 121.4684 - 48.3932
121.4684 x 48.3932
= 0.0124 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 286.211 1). Ret = 1588.805622
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1
2)' N+1 = 12 x L x n' 2). DPt = f x Gt2 x L x n

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 12 x 2 = 0.0039 x 53580.6758 2
12 5.22.1010 x 0.0517
= 23 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1.1
= 0.0039 psi
DPs = 1/2 x f x Gs2 x IDs x(N + 1) 3). Dari fig. 27 diperoleh :

5,22 .1010 x De x S (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 247605.17834 2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
5.22.1010 x 0.0608 S x 2.gc x 144
x 1.4 x 23.2 = 4 x 1 x 0.3
x 0.96619 1
= 0.0128 psi = 1.200 psi
PRESSURE DROP
△PT = DPt + DPr
= 0.0039 + 1.2
= 1.2039 psi
DP < 10 psi (memenuhi syarat) DP < 8 psi (memenuhi syarat)

Panjang : 12.00 ft
Passes : 8
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
14. Pompa 07 (P-07)
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 2.9190 0.0179 870.20 15.5882
FAEE 120.0240 0.7366 794.24 585.0094
Gliserol 40.0080 0.2455 1270 311.8125
Total 162.951 1 912.4101
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 2.9190 0.0179 16.93 0.3033
FAEE 120.0240 0.7366 1.70314 1.2545
Gliserol 40.0080 0.2455 60.56 14.8688
Total 162.9510 1 16.4265
= 0.0927 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0927 ft3/sec
ρ = 275.6858 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 3.0 inc sch 80
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2417 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.610 x 104 m2
0.0927 ft3/sec
0.0459 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
275.6858 x 0.241657 x 2.0217
=
0.0110
= 12201.8127
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.0217 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.0349 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x( 2.0217 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.905093008 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 12201.812717168
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 100 x 2.0217 2

=
2.7770 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 275.6858
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.0349 + 0.9051 + 0 + 0.0531
= 0.9931 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 4.0871 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
4.0871
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 0.9931
2 x 32.174

Ws = (- h Wp)
-11.0566 = -0.80 x Wp
= 92034.8504 lb/jam x 13.8208 ft lbf/lbm
= 25.5652 lb/s x 13.8208 ft lbf/lbm
= 353.3309 ft.lbf/s
= 0.6424 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
Jumlah : 1 buah
Suhu = 90 0
C
z2 = (z1-z3)ρ1 + z3
ρ2

CPO 43.9251 0.0179 642.66 11.5123
FAEE 1806.0915 0.7366 162.677 119.8222
Gliserol 602.0304 0.2455 874.095 214.6092
Total 2452.047 1 345.9436
ρ camp = 345.9436 kg/m3 = 21.5973 lb/ft3
Vol bahan masuk = 41834.0229 : 345.9436
= 120.9273 m3 = 4270.3233 ft3
Settling Velocity
ud =
18 x μc
CPO 43.9251 0.0278 642.66 17.8764
FAEE 1535.1778 0.9722 162.677 158.1519
Total 1579.1029 1 176.0283

FAEE 270.9137 0.3103 162.677 50.4860
Gliserol 602.0304 0.6897 874.095 602.8241
Total 872.9441 1 653.3101

maka
0.00009 2 x 9.8 x ( 653.31 - 176.028 )
ud =
18 x 0.00085
12593.1258 1
Lc = x = 0.01987 m3/s
176.028 3600
Lc
ud =
Ai
Lc 0.01987
Ai = = = 8.02517 m2
ud 0.00248
r = 1.59828 m
d = 3.19655 m
Asumsi : h = tinggi silinder = 1.5 d
= 4.79483 m
= 0.47948 m
t =
Ud
0.47948 m
=
0.00248 m/s
= 193.63275 s
= 3.22721 min
Sudah sesuai , karena residence time yang dianjurkan = 2 - 6 min (Coulson 347)

41834.0229 1 1
653.3100782 3600 8.02517
= 0.002216 m/s
maka, ud x 18 x μc 0.5 0.00003391 0.5

dd = =
g x (ρd - ρc) 4677.3611196137
= 0.00003808 m
= 38.08 μm
Sistem perpipaan
Flow-rate = 12593.1258 29240.8971 1

+ x
176.03 653.3100782 3600
= 0.0323 m3/s
0.0323 m3/s
1 m/s
maka : z1 = 0.9 x 4.7948 = 4.3153 m
z3 = 0.5 x 4.7948 = 2.3974 m
(z1 - z3) ρ1
z2 = + z3
ρ2
= ( 4.31535 - 2.39742 ) x 176.0283
+ 2.3974
653.3101
= 2.91418 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
12593.126
38.46
16. Pompa 08 (P-08)
Data - data :
= 9449.2617 lb/jam
= 0.0645 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran Gliserol adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0645 ft3/sec
ρ = 40.7222 lb/ft3
ID = 1.939 in = 0.04925 m = 0.1615769 ft
A = 0.0205 ft2 = 19.0500 x 104 m2

0.0645 ft3/sec
0.0205 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
40.7222 x 0.1616 x 3.1442
=
0.0553
= 374.4039
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 3.144201484 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.084498 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 14.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 3.144201484 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 2.18927616 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 374.40390531622
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.000284694214
f = 0.0058
16
Nre
16
= = 0.042735
374.40390531622
DP 0
ρ 40.72219207
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.084498378 + 2.18927616 + 0 + 0.0427346
= 2.3165091349304 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa P2 = 101.325 kPa
z2 - z1 = 30 ft lbf/lbm P1 - P2 = 0 Pa
(v22 - v12) = 9.886002971 ft2/s2
9.886002971
(- Ws) = 0 + 30 + + 2.3165091349304
2 x 32.174
= 32.47014255 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-32.47014254966 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 40.58767819 ft lbf/lbm

= 9449.2617 lb/jam x 40.587678187071 ft lbf/lbm
= 2.6247949228333 lb/s x 40.587678187071 ft lbf/lbm
= 106.53433163502 ft.lbf/s
= 0.1936987847909 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
17. Pompa 09 (P-09)
meeting point 02
Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 0.8271 0.020254634 877.50 17.77344123
FAEE 40.008 0.979745366 162.677 159.3820369
Total 40.8351 1 177.1554782
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.8271 0.020254634 16.93 0.342910952
FAEE 40.008 0.979745366 2.7543 2.698512662
Total 40.8351 1 3.041423614
= 0.1437722 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.1437722 ft3/sec
ρ = 53.5277 lb/ft3
ID = 2.9000 in = 0.074 m = 0.2416570 ft
A = 0.0459 ft2 = 42.61 x 104 m2
0.1437722 ft3/sec
0.0459 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
53.52773668 x 0.241657 x 3.134339972
=
0.00204375
= 19837.97785753
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 3.134339972 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.083969166 ft.lbf/lbm

2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 3.134339972 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 2.1756 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 19837.97785753
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 60 x 3.134339972 2
=
2.7335910 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 53.52773668
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.083969166 + 2.175564751 + 0 + 0.0777433
= 2.3372771943252 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 9.82408706 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
9.82408706
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 2.3372771943252
2 x 32.174

Ws = (- h Wp)
-12.48994840494 = -0.80 x Wp
= 27704.8768 lb/jam x 15.6124 ft lbf/lbm
= 7.6957991 lb/s x 15.6124 ft lbf/lbm
= 120.1502 ft.lbf/s
= 0.2185 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
meeting point 02
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
18. Pompa 10 ( P-10 )
Jenis : Centrifugal Pump
P2
Z1 2
P1
1
Data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 2.4813 0.0208 877.50 18.2373
Ethanol 14.8878 0.1247 790.44 98.5674
FAEE 102.0204 0.8545 162.677 139.0103
Total 119.3895 1 255.8150
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 2.4813 0.02078 16.93 0.35186
Ethanol 14.8878 0.12470 0.51 0.06360
FAEE 102.0204 0.85452 2.7543 2.35360
Total 119.3895 1 2.76905
= 0.3041 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran Campuran adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.3041152 ft3/sec
ρ = 77.2948 lb/ft3
Ditetapkan Nominal pipe size = 5 inch, scd 40
ID = 5.047 in = 0.12819 m = 0.4205665 ft
A = 0.139 ft2 = 129.10 x 104 m2

0.3041152 ft3/sec
0.139 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
77.2948 x 0.4205665 x 2.187879286
=
0.00186072
= 38223.185967961
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.187879286 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.040914227 ft.lbf/lbm

1 buah globe valve, Kf = 1 x 6.00 = 6.0
2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 2.187879286 )2
=
=
2 x 32.174
= 1.060050424 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 38223.185967961
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0009339987736
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
D x 2gc
4 x 0.00580 x 75 x 2.187879286 2
=
0.4205665 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.3078 ft.lbf/lbm
d). Pressure drop di Meet Point I :
P2 - P1 = (15 - 1) atm = 14 atm = 31027.038 lbf/ft2
DP 31027.038
hfh = = = 401.4117 ft.lbf/lbm
ρ 77.2948
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.040914227 + 1.060050424 + 401.41168
+ 0.307770
= 402.8204 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 1519.875 kPa
z1 = 12 ft lbf/lbm
(v22 - v12) = 4.7868 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 1418.5500 Pa
4.786815769
(- Ws) = 1418.55 + 12 + + 402.8204
2 x 32.174
= 1833.444802 ft lbf/lbm
Ws = (- h Wp)
-1833.4448 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 2291.806002 ft lbf/lbm
= 84623.4979 lb/jam x 2291.8060 ft lbf/lbm
= 23.5065 lb/s x 2291.8060 ft lbf/lbm
= 53872.400085769 ft.lbf/s
= 97.9498 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 40
Jumlah = 1 buah
19. Reaktor 02 (R-02)
F-in
W-in
W-out
F-out

Jenis : Vertical Turbular Plug Flow Fixed Bed dengan penutup elliptical
dished heads
T = 200 0C
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 645.9555 0.14286 642.66 91.80802
Ethanol 3875.7324 0.85714 790.44 677.51998
Total 4521.6879 1 769.327996
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 645.95554 0.142857169 50.00 7.14285847
Ethanol 3875.7324 0.857142831 30 25.71428492
Total 4521.68794 1 32.85714339
1). CPO
FAO 1184.2518
CAO = =
Q 303.3709
= 3.9036 kmol/m3
2). Ethanol
FAO 7105.5094
CBO = =
Q 303.3709
= 23.4219 kmol/m3
= 303.37089 m3/110 menit x 110 menit
= 303.37089 m3

VTR actual = 1.2 x 303.37089
= 364.0450664 m3

Reaksi :
m: CAO CBO

CB = CBO - 3 CAO XA
CC = 3 CAO XA
CD = CAO XA

dCa
dt
  
3 3

Data : CAO = 3.9036 kmol/m3
CBO = 23.4219 kmol/m3
FAO = 1184.2518 kmol/110 menit
V = 364.0451 m3
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡={𝑘_1 (0,2061 −0,2061 𝑥 0,932) [(1,2367−3 𝑥 0,2061 𝑥

0,932)]^3 }−{𝑘_2 ( 〖 3(0,2061 𝑥 0,932) 〗 ^3 (0,2061 𝑥 0,932))}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,2061−0,1921) [1,2367−(3𝑥0,1921)]^3 }− {𝑘_2 (3𝑥0,1921)^3

(0,1921)}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,0140)(0,2880)}− {𝑘_2 (0,1914)(0,1921)}
−𝑑𝐶𝑎/𝑑𝑡= {𝑘_1 (0,004032)}− {𝑘_2

(0,03677)}

Dimana A = 3
= -470110 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 303 K)
= -470.709334 kkal/mol
= -56606.119 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 303 K)
= -57.205453 kkal/mol

= -470.709334 + -57.205453
= -527.914787 kkal/mol
-E 527.914787
= = 0.8808
RT 599.334
K = Ae -E/RT
K1 = 3 e 0.88084
= 7.2387 kmol/m3s
= -164411.91 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 303 K)
= -165.011244 kkal/mol
= -1622.836 kal/mol - ( 1.9780 kal/mol K ) ( 303 K)
= -1623.43533 kkal/mol

= -165.011244 + -1623.43533
= -1788.44658 kkal/mol
-E 1788.446578
= = 2.984056599
RT 599.334
K = Ae -E/RT
k2 = 3 e 2.98406
= 59.30353333 kmol/m3s

- ra = k1 x 0.004032 - k2 x 0.03677
- ra = 7.238746055 x 0.004032 - 59.30353333 x 0.03677
= -2.1514043

-dCT = - CTO dx
Integralkan menjadi
ln (1 – x ) = kt1 + C
- rA = k CA
= k { CA0 ( 1 - X ) }
= 7.238746055 x { 3.903643585 - ( 1 - 0.932 ) }
= 27.76524987 kmol/m3s

dk / dT = 0.15
dT = 0.225 / 0.15
= 1.5000 in
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.11667 ft
LT = 25 ft

BWG = 14
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
ID = 1.4 in = 0.11662 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
= 1.875 - 1.5 = 0.375 in
= ¼ x 3.14 x 0.1166 2
x 25
= 0.2669 ft3
Volume tube reaktor
Jumlah tube (Nt) =
Volume 1 buah tube
995.0565148
=
0.2669
= 3728.138241 buah
= 23536 buah

Diketahui
OD = 1.5 in = 0.1250 ft
Dipertimbangkan clereace (C’) antara reactor = 0,5 OD
C’ = 0.5 x 0.1250
= 0.06248 ft
PT = OD + C'
= 0.1250 + 0.06248
= 0.1874 ft
Shell Area, As
= ½ 0.1874 x ( 0.1874 x 0.866 )
= 0.01521 ft2
Diameter Shell
Ds = ( NT x As x 4 / π )0,5
= ( 3728.14 x 0.01521 x 4 / π ) 0.5
= 8.4993 ft

Hs = ¼ Ds
= ¼ x 8.4993
= 2.12482 ft
Tinggi reaktor , Hr
Hr = LT + Hs
= 25 + 2.12482
= 27.1248 ft
m. Volume Reaktor
VHR = 2 ( ¼ π Ds2 . Hs)
= 2 x ( ¼ x π x 8.4993 2
x 2.12482 )
= 240.98366 ft3
Vs = ¼ π Ds2 x HR
= ¼ x π 8.4993 2
x 27.1248
= 1538.1612 ft3
= 240.98366 + 1538.1612
= 1779.1448 ft3

PD
2 SEj - 0.2 P
Dimana :
16.5000 x 8.4993
t = + 0.01042
t = + 0.01042
2 x 935.374 x 80% - 0.2 x 16.5000
= 0.104328413 ft = 1.25194 in

= 8.4993 + 0.20866
= 8.7079 ft
o. Volume Katalis
Vk = ( 1 – εp ) Vt
Dimana :
Vk = Volume Katalis
Vt = Volume Reaktor


Bagian Pertama 0.5 16.60% 295.338043737433
Bagian Kedua 0.6 20.00% 355.828968358353
Bagian Ketiga 1.9 63.00% 1779.1448
1). Bagian Pertama

Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 295.3380437
= 171.2960654 ft3
= 336.36 x 171.2960654
= 57617.14455 lb
2). Bagian Kedua
a). Volume ZnO = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 0.5 x 355.8289684
= 103.1904008 ft3
= 336.36 x 103.1904008
= 34709.12322 lb
= 103.1904008 ft3
= 238.2 x 103.1904008
= 24579.95348 lb
3). Bagian Ketiga

Volume Alumina = ( 1 - 0.42 ) x 1779.1448
= 1031.904008 ft3
= 238.2 x 1031.904008
= 245799.5348 lb

(Fogler, 1999)

4,17𝑥10^8
gc : ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 )
G : Kecepatan Massa Superficial (lbm/ft2h)

𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑧=−(160,6997 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄( 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2 ℎ))/(49,3455 𝑙𝑏/ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^3 . 4,17𝑥10^8 ( 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 𝑓𝑡)⁄(ℎ^2 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓 ).0,01875𝑓𝑡) ((1−0,42)/ 〖 0,42 〗 ^3 )
𝑑𝑃/100=−(160,6997 )/(3,8582𝑥10^8 ) (0,58/0,0741)(6915,1428/0,01875+2154,4477)
𝑑𝑃/100=−4,1648𝑥10^(−7) (7,8273)(370962,0637)
𝑑𝑃/100=−1,209304
𝑑𝑃=−120,9304 〖 𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓⁄ 〖 𝑓𝑡〗 ^2
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Kode : R-01
Kapasitas :
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless steel SA-283 Grade C'
Temperatur : 200 0C
Tekanan : 15 atm
Pendingin : Air
Ukuran :
Tinggi : shell = 25
tutup atas + bawah = 2.12482
Tebal : shell = 1.25194
tutup = 1.25194
Dimensi Tube :
OD = 1.5 ft
ID = 1.4 ft
LT = 25 ft
A’t = 1.54 in2
Dimensi Shell :
ID = 8.4993 ft
As = 0.18253 in2
Massa Katalis :
Bagian 1 : ZnO = 57617.14455 lb
Bagian 2 : ZnO = 34709.12322 lb
Al2O3 = 24579.95348 lb
Bagian 3 : Al2O3 = 245799.5348 lb
846234994 39.12753
18618.6
_𝑓 ).0,01875𝑓𝑡) ((1−0,42)/ 〖 0,42 〗 ^3 )((150(1−0,42) 79,4844 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚⁄(𝑓𝑡.ℎ))/(0,01875 𝑓𝑡)+1,75 𝑥 160,6997 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑚 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2/ℎ)
20. Pompa 11 (P-11)
Fungsi = Memompa hasil reaksi dari R-02 menuju Evaporator 02
P2
Z1 2
P1
1
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.0870 0.00063 810.40 0.51316
Ethanol 7.704 0.05607 564.00 31.62513
FAEE 127.2072 0.92587 791.44 732.76828
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01743 792.44 13.80963
Total 137.3925 1 778.71621
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.0870 0.00063 2.850 0.00180
Ethanol 7.7040 0.05607 0.120 0.00673
FAEE 127.2072 0.92587 0.824 0.76291
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01743 8.370 0.14586
Total 137.3925 1 0.91731
= 0.0999045 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0999045 ft3/sec
ρ = 235.2900 lb/ft3
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2416570 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.61 x 104 m2

0.0999045 ft3/sec
0.04587 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
235.2900 x 0.2416570 x 2.177991724
=
0.00061640
= 200906.10998134

(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.177992 )2
=
2 x 32.174

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 2.177991724 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 1.05049082 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 200906.10998134
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 50 x 2.177991724 2
=
2.8131073 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 235.29002
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.04054526 + 1.05049082 + 0 + 0.0303983
= 1.1214 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 4.7436 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
4.7436
(- Ws) = 0 + 30 + + 1.1214
2 x 32.174
= 31.19515 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-31.19515301891 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 38.99394127 ft lbf/lbm

= 84623.4978600 lb/jam x 38.993941273638 ft lbf/lbm
= 23.506527183333 lb/s x 38.993941273638 ft lbf/lbm
= 916.61214053407 ft.lbf/s
= 1.66657 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Fungsi = Memompa hasil reaksi dari R-02 menuju Evaporator
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
8. Evaporator 02 ( E-02 ).
t1 = 90.00 0
C (Etanol)
= 194 0
F
Dt1 = 198.0 0
F
(feed mix)
Evaporator
T1, T2 = 200 0C
= 392 0F
t2 = 78 0
C (FAEE, gliserol, sisa CPO)
Dt2 = 219.6 0
F = 172.4 0
F
1) Neraca Energi
Rate pemanas = 6983.7178 kg/jam = 15396.3043 lb/jam
Q steam = 174592.9450 kkal/jam = 692389.5344 btu/jam
2) LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
a. LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
219.6 - 198.0
= = 208.61 0
F
219.6
ln
198
b. T1 - T2 Dt
R = S =
Dt T1 - t1
392 - 392 = 21.6
=
21.6 392 - 194
= 0 = 0.1091
FT = 0.95 (Kern, Fig 18)
∆t true = 198.183 0F
3) tc = ( 194 + 172 ) / 2 = 183.2 0
F
µ distilate = 2.5 cp (heavy organic)
Dari tabel 10, kern

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid UD
steam 16 6-60
692389.5
=
60 x 198.183
= 58.23 ft2
a"t = 0.2277 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
58.23
= = 25.5723
10 x 0.2277
Nt = 26
ID shell = 10 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 26 x 10 x 0.2277 = 59.202 ft2
692389.534
=
198.183 x 59.202
= 59.013 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

4). Flow area
at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
26 x 0.594
=
144 x 4
= 0.027 ft2
5). Mass velocity

Gt = wt / at
15396.304
=
0.027
= 574221.138 lb/ft2 jam
V = 574221.13797222 lb/ft2 jam

3600 x 62.4 lb/ft3
= 2.555 ft/s
6). Menentukan bilangan reynold
tc = 183.200 F
o
ID = 0.870 in (tabel 10 kern )
= 0.0725 ft
μ = 0.5800 cp
= 1.4036 lb / ft jam
Ret = ID x Gt / μ
0.0725 x 574221.138
=
1.4036
= 29660.183
Ln/D = 12x2/ID
= 12x2/0,0725
= 331
7). JH = 90 (Kern, Fig.24)
8). tc = 183.200 F
o
µ = 1.4036 lb / ft jam
k [Cp µ / k]1/3 = 0.603051583
9)'. condensation of steam : 9). faktor koreksi = 0.94 (Fig 25 kern)
ho = 1500 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) hi' = 520 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

hi = 520 x 0.94
10)'. tw = 489 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
tw = tc + ho (T - tc)
hio + ho hio = hi x ID/OD
= 345,88 °F = 489 x 0.0725
0.0833
= 425.256

= 425.256 x 1500
425.256 + 1500
= 779.117 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 779.117 - 59.013
779.117 x 59.013
= 0.015661911875 > 0.004
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Evaporator 02 (E-02)
Bahan : Carbon Steel SA - 283 grade - C
Tube : OD : 1 inch
Panjang : 10 ft
Passes : 4
Shell : ID : 0 inch
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
22. Kondensor 02 ( CO-02 )
T1 = 90.00 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
Kondensor t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 78 0
C
Dt2 = 95.4 0
F = 172.4 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
1) Neraca Energi
2) LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
a. LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
95.4 - 72
=
95.4
ln
72
= 83.15 0
F
b. T1 - T2 Dt
R = S =
Dt T1 - t1
194 - 172 = 45
=
45 194 - 77
= 0.48 = 0.385
FT = 0.96 (Kern, Fig 18)
∆t true = 79.826 0
F
3) Tc = ( 194 + 172 ) /2 = 183.2 0
F
tc = ( 122 + 77 ) /2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran = 0.75 inc OD, 16 BWG, 10 ft
0.9375 inc triangular pitch
Dari tabel 8, kern

gasses air 2-50
A = Q / UD x ∆ttrue
45166.6
=
5 x 79.8259
= 113.16 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
113.16
= = 43.22487496
10 x 0.2618
Nt = 47
ID shell = 10 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 47 x 10 x 0.2618
= 123.046 ft2
45166.5752
=
=
79.825889887 x 123.046
= 4.59839 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
4') IDs = 10.00 inc 4). at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD 47 x 0.594
=
= 0.938 - 0.8 = 1/5 in 144 x 4
B = 5.00 in = 0.048 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
10 x 1/5 x 5 5). Gt = wt / at
=
1 x 144 x 8/9 1004.3459
=
= 0.0694 ft2 0.048
= 20721.51385 lb / ft2 jam
5') Gs = Ws / as
5468.3804491 V = 20721.5138451064
=
0.069 3600 x 62.5
= 78744.678466 lb / ft2 jam = 0.092 ft/s
Loading
G'' = W 6). tc = 99.500 F
o
3,14 Nt D ID = 0.870 in (tabel 10 kern )
5468.38 = 0.0725 ft
=
3,14 x 47 x 0.0725 μ = 0.5800 cp
= 511.085 lb/ft2 jam = 1.4036 lb / ft jam
Ret = ID x Gt / μ
6)'. Tc = 183.2 o
F 0.0725 x 20721.51385
=
µ = 0.0106 cp 1.4036
= 0.025652 lb / ft jam = 1070.326
De = 0.72 in faktor koreksi (Kern, fig 25)
= 0.06 ft hi' = 620 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

Res = De x Gs / µ
= 0.06 x 78744.67847 hi = 620 x 0.92
0.025652 = 570.4 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 184183.71698
Fs = (µ/µw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 8.4 (Kern, Fig.28) 7). JH = 8.4 (Kern, Fig.24)
8)'. Tc = 183.2 o
F
µ = 0.025652 lb / ft jam
k [Cp µ / k]1/3 = 0.107274704
Fs = 8.4 x 0.10727 hi' = 330 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

0.06 hi = 330 x 0.94
10)'. mw = 1.78 cp 10). hio = hi x ID/OD
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam = 570 x 0.0725
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 0.0625
= 0.025652 ^0.14
= 661.664
4.3076
= 0.4880721431
ho = 15.01845855 Fs
= 7.3300912502 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
Range ho = 150 - 300 Asumsi ho = 250

ho x (Tc-tc)
tw = tc +
(ho+hio)
= 122.453 o
F
tf = 1/2 (tw + Tc) = 152.826 o
F
Pada tf = 152.8263 o
F
kf = 0.087
mf = 0.450 Dari grafik 12.9 diperoleh h = ho = 270
Sf = 0.793
ho x (Tc-tc)
tw = tc +
(ho+hio)
= 123.757 o
F
tf = 1/2 (tw + Tc)
= 153.478 o
F (Bisa dianggap sifat fisika tidak berbeda dengan sebelumnya)
13). Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)
= 661.664 x 270
661.664 + 270
= 289.804 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
14). Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)
= 289.804 - 4.598
289.804 x 4.598
= 0.2140167654378 > 0.004
Pressure Drop
1') Tc = 183.2 o
F 1). Ret = 1070.3261283629
De = 0.720 in = 0.060 ft S = 1.00 (Kern,Fig.26)
Res = De x Gs / m
0.06 x 78744.7 2). f x Gt2 x L x n
= DPt =
0.025652 5,22 .1010 x ID x S
= 184183.71698 3.0E-04 x 20721.5 2 x 16
=
f = 0.0025 ft2/in2 (Kern, Fig. 29) 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
IDs = 10.00 in x 4
x 1.00
2') N+1 = 12 x L / B = 0.002 psi
12 x 10
= = 24
5 3) DPr = 4 n x V2 x 62.5
DPs =
5,22 .1010 x De x S
0.5 x 0.0025 x 78744.7 2 (V2 x 62.5) / (2gc x 144) = 0.025
=
5.22.1010 x 0.1 DPr = 4 x 0.025 x 4
x 0.8 x 24 1.0
x 0.79327 = 0.40 psi
= 0.000960 psi DPT = 0.00218 + 0.4
= 0.40218 psi
Spesifikasi Kondensor (CO-02):

Fungsi : Mengkondensasikan uap ethanol (distilat produk) dari kolom distilasi

Panjang : 10 ft
Passes : 4
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
23. Cooler 03 ( C-03 )
T1 = 78.00 0
C
= 172.4 0
F Dt1 = 50.4 0
F
Cooler II t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
9 - 50.4
=
9
ln
50
= 24.03
DT 86.4
R = = = 3.456
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.169606513
T1-t1 147.4
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.98 x 24.03
= 23.5505 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 172 + 86 )/ 2 = 129.2 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran 0.75 in OD, 12 ft, 1.00 inc triangular pitch, 16 BWG
Dari tabel 8 Kern
A = Q/UD x Dttrue
319286.4
=
100 x 23.5505
= 135.58 ft2
a"t = 0.1963 ft/ft2
a't = 0.302 in2
Nt = A / (L x a"t)
135.57527616499
= = 57.5545
12 x 0.1963
Nt = 61 (1P)
ID shell = 10.00 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 61 x 12 x 0.1963
= 143.6916 ft2
= 319286.437975888
23.55049143 x 143.6916
= 94.351566942667 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

4)' IDs = 10.0 in 4). at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 61 x 0.302
= 1 - 0.8 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 5 = 0.0319826388889 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 10.0 x 0.25 x 5 5). Gt = Wt / at
2 x 144 x 1 = 7099.81
= 0.043402778 ft2 0.0319826388889
5)' Gs = Ws / as = 221989.36924328 lb / ft2 jam
= 16405.14
0.0434027777778 v = Gt/(3600 x 62.5)
= 377974.45663903 lb / ft2 jam = 221989.369243279
3600 x 62.5
= 0.986619419 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 2.904 lb / ft jam = 0.05167 ft

= 0.060833333 ft = 1.7424 lb / ft jam

= 0.060833333 x 377974.4566 = 0.051666667 x 221989.3692
2.904 1.7424
= 7917.853344 = 6582.56
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 17 (Fig.28 kern)
8)'. Tc = 129.2 o
F
Cp = 0.76965767 Btu / lb oF
m = 2.904 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 0.518869421

0.060833333 hi = 400 x 1

hio + ho Fp = 400 x 0.62
= 110.45797358465 0F 1
mw = 1.78 cp = 248 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam Fp = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
Fs = (m/mw)0.14
= 2.904 ^0.14
tw = 110.4579736 0F
4.3076 mw = 0.5 cp
= 0.946295063 = 1.21 lb / ft jam

ho = 144.999126 Fs Fp = 1.7424 ^0.14
= 137.211957 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) 1.21
11). Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho) = 1.05
= 260.989136 x 137.211957 hio = 248 x Fp
260.989136 + 137.211957 = 260.989136 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 89.93152137 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
12). Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)
= 89.93152137 - 94.35156694
89.93152137 x 94.35156694
= -0.00052091 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 7917.85 1). Ret = 6582.558967
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 12 x 2 = 0.0039 x 221989.3692
5 5.22.1010 x 0.051666667
= 58 2
x 1.00 x 1
x 1.00 x 1.1
= 0.0677138124149 psi
∆Ps = 1/2 x f x Gs2 x IDs x(N + 1) 3). Dari fig. 27 diperoleh :

5,22 .1010 x De x S (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 377974 2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
5.22.1010 x 0.06083 S x 2.gc x 144
x 0.8 x 57.6 = 4x 1x 0.3
x 0.96619 1
= 0.0429823 psi = 1.200 psi
PRESSURE DROP
∆Ps = 0.0429823 psi △PT = DPt + DPr
= 0.067713812 + 1.2
= 1.267713812 psi

Panjang : 12 ft
Passes : 2
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
24. Pompa 12 (P-12)
Data - data :
= 782.4716233 lb/jam
Rate Volumetrik = 552.2811582 lb/jam = 0.00015341 m3/sec
= 0.0054176 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran ethanol adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0054176 ft3/sec
ρ = 40.12013041 lb/ft3
ID = 0.742 in = 0.01885 m = 0.0618309 ft
A = 0.003 ft2 = 2.7910 x 104 m2

0.0054176 ft3/sec
0.003 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
40.12013041 x 0.06183086 x 1.805853458
=
0.00080636
= 5555.4448
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 1.805853458 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.0279 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 14.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 1.805853458 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.722178943 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 5555.4447828135
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0007439650686
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 150 x 1.805853458 2

=
0.6021621 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 40.12013041
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.027873573 + 0.722178943 + 0 + 0.2928841
= 1.042936618419 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa P2 = 101.325 kPa
z2 - z1 = 12 ft lbf/lbm P1 - P2 = 0 Pa
(v22 - v12) = 3.261106711 ft2/s2
3.261106711
(- Ws) = 0 + 12 + + 1.042936618419
2 x 32.174
= 13.09361584 ft lbf/lbm
Ws = (- h Wp)
-13.0936158425 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 16.3670198 ft lbf/lbm

= 782.47162328 lb/jam x 16.36701980313 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.2173532286889 lb/s x 16.36701980313 ft lbf/lbm
= 3.5574245982253 ft.lbf/s
= 0.00646804 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
Type = Centrifugal pump
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
25. Pompa 13 (P-13)
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.0870 0.000670838 856.10 0.574304584
FAEE 127.2072 0.980867232 790.44 775.3166948
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01846193 1261 23.28049364
Total 129.6885 1 799.171493
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.0870 0.000670838 8.09 0.005425069
FAEE 127.2072 0.980867232 1.70314 1.670554217
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01846193 21.2 0.391392915
Total 129.6885 1 2.0673722
= 0.0964491 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0964491 ft3/sec
ρ = 241.4706 lb/ft3
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2416570 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.610 x 104 m2
0.0964491 ft3/sec
0.04587 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
241.4706 x 0.241657 x 2.102662285
=
0.00138921
= 88321.098849613
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.102662285 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.037789112 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 2.102662285 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.979081538 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 88321.098849613
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001903524417
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 100 x 2.102662285 2

=
2.7782491 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 241.4706092
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.037789112 + 0.979081538 + 0 + 0.0573747
= 1.0742453986265 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 4.421188686 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
4.421188686
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 1.0742453986265
2 x 32.174
= 11.14295287 ft lbf/lbm
Ws = (- h Wp)
-11.14295287495 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 13.92869109 ft lbf/lbm
= 83842.6591 lb/jam x 13.928691093683 ft lbf/lbm
= 23.289627533333 lb/s x 13.928691093683 ft lbf/lbm
= 324.39402759874 ft.lbf/s
= 0.5898073229068 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
26. Cooler 04 ( C-04 )
T1 = 90 0
C
= 194 0
F Dt1 = 72 0
F
Cooler IV t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 60 0
C
Dt2 = 63 F
0
= 140 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 10 psi
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
63 - 72
=
63
ln
72
= 67.3999
DT 54
R = = = 2.16
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.1479
T1-t1 169
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.97 x 67.3999
= 65.3779 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 194 + 140 )/ 2 = 167 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dipilih pipa ukuran 1 in OD, 16 ft, 1 1/4 inc triangular pitch, BWG 16

CPO 2.9190 0.01791336 16.93 0.303273193
FAEE 120.0240 0.73656498 1.70314 1.254473279
Gliserol 40.0080 0.24552166 82.23 20.18924609
Total 162.9510 1 21.74699256
Dari tabel 8 Kern

A = Q / (UD x Dttrue)
= 1737819.3
75 x 65.3779
= 354.42 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
= 354.415317116688 = 84.61022658
16 x 0.2618
Nt = 86 (2P)
ID shell = 15.25 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 86 x 16 x 0.2618
= 360.237 ft2
UD = Q/(Dt true x A)
= 1737819.28220178
65.37788477 x 360.2368
= 73.7879883 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)

4)' IDs = 15.25 in 4). at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 86 x 0.594
= 1 1/4 - 1 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 11 = 0.0886875 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 15.3 x 0.25 x 11 5). Gt = Wt / at
2 x 144 x 1 1/4 = 38642.98
= 0.121126302 ft2 0.0886875
= 435720.69373226 lb / ft2 jam
5)' Gs = Ws / as v = Gt / (3600 x 62.5)
= 92227.29 = 435720.693732262
0.1211263020833 3600 x 62.5
= 761414.20582913 lb / ft2 jam = 1.936536417 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 167.0 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 52.62772201 lb / ft jam = 0.0725 ft

De = 0.72 in m = 0.72 cp (Fig 14 kern)
= 0.06 ft = 1.7424 lb / ft jam

= 0.06 x 761414.2058 = 0.0725 x 435721
52.62772201 1.7424
= 868.0758089 = 18130.02
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 8.4 (Fig.28 kern)
8)'. Tc = 167.00 o
F
Cp = 0.76965767 Btu / lb oF
m = 52.62772201 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 1.362900226
Fs = 8.4 x 1.3629 hi' = 360 Btu/jam(ft )(oF)

2
0.06 hi = 360 x 0.9


hio + ho 0.0725
Fp = 338.4 x
= 161.06312154857 0F 1.33333
mw = 1.78 cp = 18.4005 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam Fp = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
Fs = (m/mw)0.14
= 52.62772201 ^0.14
tw = 161.0631215 0F
4.3076 mw = 0.5 cp
= 1.419636277 = 1.21 lb / ft jam
ho = 190.8060317 Fs Fp = 1.7424 ^0.14
= 270.8751644 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) 1.21
= 1.05
hio = 18.4005 x Fp
= 19.36423628 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11). Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)
= 19.36423628 x 270.8751644
19.36423628 + 270.8751644
= 93.32818486 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
12). Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)
= 93.32818486 - 73.7879883
93.32818486 x 73.7879883
= 0.002837465 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 868.076 1). Ret = 18130.02198
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 16 x 2 = 0.0039 x #REF! 2
11 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
= 34 x 1.3 x 2
x 1 x 1.1
= #REF! psi
PRESSURE DROP
5,22 .1010 x De x S (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 761414 2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
5.22.1010 x 0.06 S x 2.gc x 144
x 1.3 x 33.6 = 4x 2x 0.3
x 0.96619 1
= 0.1571972 psi = 2.400 psi
△PT = DPt + DPr
= #REF! + 2.4
= #REF! psi

Spesifikasi Cooler IV :
Fungsi : Untuk mendinginkan keluaran evaporator dari suhu 90oC sampai dengan

Panjang : 16.00 ft
Passes : 4
Passes : 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
27. Pompa 06 (P-06)
Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ :
CPO 0.0870 0.000670838 870.20 0.583763402
FAEE 127.2072 0.980867232 794.24 779.0439902
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01846193 1270 23.44665101
Total 129.6885 1 803.0744047
b. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.0870 0.000670838 16.93 0.011357291
FAEE 127.2072 0.980867232 1.70314 1.670554217
Gliserol 2.3943 0.01846193 60.56 1.118054477
Total 129.6885 1 2.799965985
= 0.0959804 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0959804 ft3/sec
ρ = 242.6499 lb/ft3
ID = 2.900 in = 0.07366 m = 0.2416570 ft
A = 0.04587 ft2 = 42.610 x 104 m2

0.0959804 ft3/sec
0.04587 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
242.6499 x 0.241657 x 2.092443425
=
0.00188149
= 65212.429531346
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.092443425 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.037422697 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 8.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 2.092443425 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.969588063 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 65212.429531346
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0009339987736
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 100 x 2.092443425 2

=
2.7739212 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 242.6498786
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.037422697 + 0.969588063 + 0 + 0.0569071
= 1.0639178341419 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 4.378319487 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
4.378319487
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 1.0639178341419
2 x 32.174
= 11.1319591 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-11.13195910173 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 13.91494888 ft lbf/lbm
= 83842.6591 lb/jam x 13.914948877166 ft lbf/lbm
= 23.289627533333 lb/s x 13.914948877166 ft lbf/lbm
= 324.07397649458 ft.lbf/s
= 0.5892254118083 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
Jumlah : 1 buah
Suhu = 90 0
C
vent
light liquid
heavy liquid
z1 interface z2
z3
z2 = (z1-z3)ρ1 + z3
ρ2

CPO 0.6069 0.000669617 642.66 0.430333239
FAEE 888.9993 0.980868092 162.677 159.5646786
Gliserol 16.7331 0.018462291 874.095 16.13779635
Total 906.3393 1 176.1328082
ρ camp = 176.13281 kg/m3 = 10.99597 lb/ft3
Vol bahan masuk = 38110.33 : 176.13281
= 216.372693 m3 = 7640.8015140278 ft3
Settling Velocity
ud =
18 x μc
CPO 0.6069 0.000802506 642.66 0.515735107
FAEE 755.649405 0.999197494 162.677 162.5464508
Total 756.256305 1 163.0621859
FAEE 133.349895 0.888507689 162.677 144.5397653
Gliserol 16.7331 0.111492311 874.095 97.45487185
Total 150.082995 1 241.9946371

maka
0.00015 2 x 9.8 x ( 241.995 - 163.062 )
ud =
18 x 0.00085

12626.2626 1
Lc = x = 0.021508942 m3/s
163.062 3600
Lc
ud =
Ai
Lc 0.021508942
Ai = = = 18.90803092 m2
Ai = = = 18.90803092 m2
ud 0.001137556
r = 2.45329 m
d = 4.90657 m
Asumsi : h = tinggi silinder, m = 1.5 d

= 7.35986 m
= 0.73599 m
t =
Ud
0.73598586 m
=
0.001137556 m/s
= 646.9887325 s
= 10.78314554 min

38110.33 1 1
241.9946371 3600 18.90803092
= 0.002313599 m/s
maka, ud x 18 x μc 0.5 0.000035 0.5

dd = =
g x (ρd - ρc) 773.5380
= 0.00009567 m
= 95.66739798 μm
Sistem perpipaan
Flow-rate = 12626.2626 + 38110.33 1

x
163.06 241.9946371 3600
= 0.065254551 m3/s
0.065254551 m3/s
1 m/s
maka : z1 = 0.9 x 7.359858595 = 6.623872736 m
z3 = 0.5 x 7.359858595 = 3.679929298 m
(z1 - z3) ρ1
z2 = + z3
ρ2
= ( 6.62387 - 3.67993 ) x 163.0621859
+ 3.679929298
241.99463712338
= 5.66363 m
Jumlah : 1 buah
29. Pompa 08 (P-08)
Data - data :
= 510.3909 lb/jam
Rate Volumetrik = 354.9161429 l/jam = 9.85878E-05 m3/sec
= 0.0034815 ft3/sec

Dengan asumsi bahwa aliran Gliserol adalah turbulen
D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.0034815 ft3/sec
ρ = 40.72219207 lb/ft3
ID = 0.546 in = 0.01387 m = 0.0454982 ft
A = 0.00163 ft2 = 1.5110 x 104 m2

0.0034815 ft3/sec
0.00163 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
40.72219207 x 0.04549818 x 2.135903766
=
0.05525611
= 71.61871375705
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 2.135903766 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.038993391 ft.lbf/lbm

3 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 3 x 0.75 = 2.25
Total Kf = 14.25
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 2.135903766 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 1.0102833 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 71.61871375705
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0010110294522
f = 0.0058
16
Nre
16
= = 0.223405
71.61871375705
DP 0
ρ 40.72219207
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.038993391 + 1.0102833 + 0 + 0.2234053
= 1.2726819877535 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa P2 = 101.325 kPa
z2 - z1 = 30 ft lbf/lbm P1 - P2 = 0 Pa
(v22 - v12) = 4.562084899 ft2/s2
4.562084899
(- Ws) = 0 + 30 + + 1.2726819877535
2 x 32.174
= 31.34357906 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-31.34357906147 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 39.17947383 ft lbf/lbm

= 510.3909 lb/jam x 39.179473826837 ft lbf/lbm
= 0.1417752539667 lb/s x 39.179473826837 ft lbf/lbm
= 5.5546798520802 ft.lbf/s
= 0.0100994179129 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
30. Cooler 05 ( C-05 )
T1 = 60.00 0
C (gliserol)
= 140 0
F Dt1 = 18 0
F
(air) Cooler V t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 0
F = 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 2 psi
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
9 - 18
=
9
ln
18
= 12.9843
DT 54
R = = = 2.16
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.217391304
T1-t1 115
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.98 x 12.9843
= 12.7246 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 140 + 86 )/ 2 = 113 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
µ feed = 43.5 cp (heavy organic)
Dari tabel 8 Kern
A = Q/UD x Dttrue
451847.3
=
50 x 12.7246
= 710.20 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
710.196529437479
= = 169.5465359
16 x 0.2618
Nt = 170 (4P)
ID shell = 21.25 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 170 x 16 x 0.2618
= 712.096 ft2
= 451847.281884518
12.72457026 x 712.096
= 49.866628196021 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
4)' IDs = 21.3 in 4). at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 170 x 0.594
= 1 1/4 - 1 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 15 = 0.1753125 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 21.3 x 0.25 x 15
2 x 144 x 1 1/4
= 0.22781033 ft2
5)' Gs = Ws / as 5). Gt = Wt / at
= 9449.26 = 10047.49
0.2278103298611 0.1753125
= 41478.635880827 lb / ft2 jam = 57311.896396663 lb / ft2 jam
v = Gt/(3600 x 62.5)
= 57311.8963966631
3600 x 62.5
= 0.25471954 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 113 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 105.27 lb / ft jam = 0.0725 ft

De = 0.72 in m = 0.72 cp (Fig 14 kern)
= 0.06 ft = 1.7424 lb / ft jam

= 0.06 x 41478.63588 = 0.0725 x 57311.8964
105.27 1.7424
= 23.64128577 = 2384.7064
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 2.5 (Fig.28 kern)

8)'. Tc = 113 o
F
Cp = 0.76965767 Btu / lb oF
m = 105.27 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 1.717225837
Fs = 2.5 x 1.71723 hi' = 330 Btu/jam(ft )(oF)

2
0.06 hi = 330 x 0.9


hio + ho Fp = 310.2 x 0.87
= 102.32914056249 0F 1.00
mw = 1.78 cp = 269.874 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam Fp = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
Fs = (m/mw)0.14
= 105.27 ^0.14
tw = 102.3291406 0F
4.3076 mw = 0.5 cp
= 1.56433476 = 1.21 lb / ft jam
ho = 71.55107652 Fs Fp = 1.7424 ^0.14
= 111.9298361 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) 1.21
= 1.05
hio = 269.874 x Fp
= 284.0087988 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11). Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)
= 284.0087988 x 111.9298361
284.0087988 + 111.9298361
= 80.28784136 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
12). Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)
= 80.28784136 - 49.8666282
80.28784136 x 49.8666282
= 0.007598305 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 23.6413 1). Ret = 2384.706433
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 16 x 2 = 0.0039 x 57311.8964
15 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
= 25 2
x 1.3 x 4
x 1 1.1
= 0.0171543250341 psi
5,22 .1010 x De x S (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 41478.6 2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
5.22.1010 x 0.06 S x 2.gc x 144
x 1.8 x 24.9 = 4x 4x 0.3
x 0.96619 1
= 0.0004816 psi = 4.800 psi
△PT = DPt + DPr
= 0.017154325 + 4.8
= 4.817154325 psi
Spesifikasi Cooler V :
Jenis cooler yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi 2 shell dan 4 tube

Panjang : 16 ft
Passes : 4
Passes : 2
Jumlah : 1 buah
31. Tangki Penyimpan Gliserol ( T-03 )
T-03
Fungsi : Menyimpan Gliserol Hasil Samping Reaksi Transesterifikasi

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 30 o
C
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5

Produksi gliserol + pengotor = 102867.7680 kg/hari = 226782.2813 lb/hari
Jumlah tangki = 1
ρ gliserol = 0.6523 g/cm3 = 40.7217844 lb/ft3

226782.281
40.7217844
5569.065419756
0.8
Ls = 1.50 x D

6961.331774695 = 0.0847 D3 + π/4 D2 Ls
6961.331774695 = 0.0847 D3 + 0.7850 x 1.5 D3
6961.331774695 = 1.2622 D3
D3 = 5515.24 ft3
D = 17.668 ft
Ls = 1.5 x D
Ls = 1.5 x 17.6680
Ls = 26.502 ft

5569.06542 = Π/4 D2 H liq
5569.06542 = 245.0449525 x H liq
Hliq = 22.72670938 ft

P alat = 14.70 Psi
= ( 40.7217844 x 22.7267 / 144 ) + 14.7
= 21.12689 Psia
= 22.1832345 psia


P d ri
ts = + C
f E - 0,6 Pd
22.183234495242 x 106.0081615
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.6 x 22.1832345
ts = 0.357677948 in

OD = ID + 2ts
= 212.016323 + 1.00
= 213.016323 in

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 216.00 - 1.00
= 215.00 in = 17.9167 ft
= 1.5 x 215.00
= 322.5000 in
= 26.87500 ft

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

rc = ID = 215.00 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
= 0.885 x 22.1832 x 215
+ 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 22.1832345
= 0.542177903 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 1/2 = 0.50 in

Crown radius, r = 144 in
AB = ri - icr
= 107.50 - 1.5
= 106.00 in = 8.8333 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 144.00 - 1.5
= 142.5 in = 11.875 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5
= 144.00 - 95.23786012
= 48.7621 in = 4.063511657 ft

= 0.50 + 48.7621 + 3.5
= 52.7621 in = 4.3968 ft

= 26.875 + 4.3968
= 31.2718 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan gliserol
and flat bottomed
Fungsi : Menyimpan Hasil Produksi Gliserol
Ukuran :
tutup atas = 0.5 in
32. Pompa 16 (P-16)
Data - data :
a. Densitas, ρ
CPO 0.07383 0.000580055 877.50 0.508998677
FAEE 127.2071 0.999419945 162.677 162.5826383
Total 127.28093 1 163.091637
c. Viscositas, μ
CPO 0.07383 0.000580055 16.93 0.009820339
FAEE 127.2071 0.999419945 2.7543 2.752702353
Total 127.28093 1 2.762522692
= 0.4697430 ft3/sec

D optimum = 3.9 x Qf 0.45 xρ 0.13
Dimana :
Qf = 0.4697430 ft3/sec
ρ = 49.2783 lb/ft3
ID = 4.8130 in = 0.122 m = 0.4010673 ft
A = 0.1263 ft2 = 117.50 x 104 m2

0.4697430 ft3/sec
0.1263 ft2
ρxDxv
Nre =
µ
49.27833049 x 0.40106729 x 3.719263342
=
0.00185633
= 39598.091790839
(A1>>A3)
Kc = 0.55 (1- A2/A1)
Kc x v2
hc =
2 x gc
0.55 x ( 3.719263342 ) 2
=
2 x 32.174
= 0.118233759 ft.lbf/lbm

2 buah elbow 90o , Kf = 2 x 0.75 = 1.5
Total Kf = 7.5
Kf x v2
hf =
2 x gc
14.25 x ( 3.719263342 )2
=
2 x 32.174
= 3.063329199 ft.lbf/lbm
c). Pipa Lurus

Nre = 39598.091790839
ε pipa = 0.000046
ε/ D = 0.0001146939707
f = 0.0058
4 x f x L x v2
Ff =
4 x 0.00580 x 60 x 3.719263342 2
=
4.6073055 x 2 x 32.174
DP 0
ρ 49.27833049
Persamaan Bernoulli
Total friksi :
SF = hc + hf + hfh +Ff = 0.118233759 + 3.063329199 + 0 + 0.0649488
= 3.2465117420696 ft.lbf/lbm
Dimana:
P1 = 101.325 kPa
P2 = 101.325 kPa
(v22 - v12) = 13.83291981 ft2/s2
P1 - P 2 = 0 Pa
13.83291981
(- Ws) = 0 + 10 + + 3.2465117420696
2 x 32.174
= 13.46148221 ft lbf/lbm

Ws = (- h Wp)
-13.46148221215 = -0.80 x Wp
Wp = 16.82685277 ft lbf/lbm
= 83333.3358 lb/jam x 16.82685 ft lbf/lbm
= 23.1481 lb/s x 16.82685 ft lbf/lbm
= 389.5105 ft.lbf/s
= 0.7082 hp
Spesifikasi Pompa
schedule = 80
Jumlah = 1 buah
33. Cooler 06 ( C-06 )
(FAEE)
T1 = 60.00 0
C
= 140 0
F Dt1 = 18 0
F
(air) Cooler VI t2 = 50 0
C
t1 = 25 0C = 122 0
F
= 77 0F
T2 = 30 0
C
Dt2 = 9 F
0
= 86 0
F
Rd gab min = 0.004
∆p air = 8 psi
∆p feed = 2 psi
1 Neraca Energi
2 LMTD
Dt2 - Dt1
LMTD =
ln Dt2/Dt1
9 - 18
=
9
ln
18
= 12.9843
DT 54
R = = = 2.16
Dt 25
t2 - t1 25
S = = = 0.217391304
T1-t1 115
Dttrue = FT x LMTD
= 0.98 x 12.9843
= 12.7246 oF
3 Tc dan tc
Tc = ( 140 + 86 )/ 2 = 113 0
F
tc = ( 77 + 122 )/ 2 = 99.5 0
F
Dari tabel 8 Kern
A = Q/UD x Dttrue
1680292.3
=
50 x 12.7246
= 2641.02 ft2
a"t = 0.2618 ft/ft2
a't = 0.594 in2
Nt = A / L x a"t
2641.0201328709
= = 504.3965112
20 x 0.2618
Nt = 522 (2P)
ID shell = 33.00 in
b. Cek UD
A = Nt x L x a"t
= 522 x 20 x 0.2618
= 2733.192 ft2
= 1680292.31202411
12.72457026 x 2733.192
= 48.313842073131 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
4)' IDs = 33.0 in 4). at = Nt x a't / 144 x n
C' = PT - OD = 522 x 0.594
= 1 1/4 - 1 = 0.25 144 x 4
B = 5 = 0.5383125 ft2
as = IDs x C ' x B / (n' x 144 x PT)
= 33.0 x 0.25 x 5
2 x 144 x 1 1/4
= 0.114583333 ft2
5)' Gs = Ws / as 5). Gt = Wt / at
83507.58 = 37363.78
=
0.1145833333333 0.5383125
= 728793.38691386 lb / ft2 jam = 69409.092565824 lb / ft2 jam
v = Gt/(3600 x 62.5)
69409.0925658238
=
3600 x 62.5
= 0.308484856 ft/s
6)'. Tc = 113 o
F 6). tc = 99.5 o
F
= 6.6308 lb / ft jam = 0.0725 ft

De = 0.72 in m = 0.82 cp (Fig 14 kern)
= 0.06 ft = 1.9844 lb / ft jam

0.06 x 728793.3869 = 0.0725 x 69409.09257
=
6.6308 1.9844
= 6594.619535 = 2535.86
Fs = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
7)'. JH = 14 (Fig.28 kern)
8)'. Tc = 113 o
F
Cp = 0.76965767 Btu / lb oF
m = 6.6308 lb / ft jam
k [Cp m / k]1/3 = 0.683252426

0.06 hi = 320 x 0.9
10)'. tw = tc + ho (Tc - tc) 10). hio = hi x (ID/OD)

hio + ho Fp = 300.8 x 0.87
= 104.61074548563 0F 1
mw = 1.78 cp = 261.696 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
= 4.3076 lb / ft jam Fp = (m/mw)0.14 = 1
Fs = (m/mw)0.14
= 6.6308 ^0.14
tw = 104.6107455 0F
4.3076 mw = 0.5 cp
= 1.062248872 = 1.21 lb / ft jam
ho = 159.4255662 Fs Fp = 1.9844 ^0.14
= 169.3496278 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF) 1.21
= 1.07
hio = 261.696 x Fp
= 280.4627727 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
11). Uc = (hio x ho) / (hio + ho)

= 261.696 x 169.3496278
261.696 + 169.3496278
= 102.8153804 Btu/jam(ft2)(oF)
12). Rd = (Uc - Ud) / (Uc x Ud)

= 102.8153804 - 48.31384207
102.8153804 x 48.31384207
= 0.010971831 > 0.004
PRESSURE DROP
1.)' Res = 6594.62 1). Ret = 2535.859308
f = 0.0025 (Kern, Fig. 29)
f = 0.0039 (Kern, Fig.26)
S = 0.96619 S = 1

B 5,22 .1010 x ID x S x Fp
= 12 x 20 x 2 = 0.0039 x 69409.09257
5 5.22.1010 x 0.0725
= 96 2
x 1.7 x 2
x 1 1.1
= 0.0154414982733 psi

5,22 .1010 x De x S (V2 x 62.5)/(2gc x 144) = 0.3
= 0.5 x 0.003 x 728793 2 △Pr = 4 x n v2 x 62.5
5.22.1010 x 0.06 S x 2.gc x 144
x 2.8 x 96.0 = 4x 2x 0.3
x 0.96619 1
= 0.8911011 psi = 2.400 psi
△PT = DPt + DPr
= 0.015441498 + 2.4
= 2.415441498 psi
Spesifikasi Cooler VI :
Jenis cooler yang digunakan memiliki spesifikasi 1 shell dan 2 tube

Panjang : 20 ft
Passes : 2
Passes : 1
Jumlah : 1 buah
34. Tangki Penyimpan Fatty Acid Etil Ester ( T-04 )
T-04
Fungsi : Menyimpan Hasil Produksi FAEE

and flat bottomed
f = 12650 psi
Suhu = 30 C
o
Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5


Produksi FAEE = 909090.91 kg/hari = 2004181.814 lb/hari
Kebutuhan tangki penampung masing - masing penampung = 14029272.69809
ρFAEE = 0.2115 g/cm3 = 13.202279683 lb/ft3

14029272.698
13.2022796828
1062640.1678469
0.8
Ls = 1.50 x D
1328300.2098086 = 0.0847 D3 + π/4 D2 Ls
1328300.2098086 = 0.0847 D3 + 0.7850 x 1.5 D3
1328300.2098086 = 1.2622 D3
D3 = 1052369 ft3
D = 101.716 ft
Ls = 1.5 x D
Ls = 1.5 x 101.7160
Ls = 152.574 ft

1062640.16785 = Π/4 D2 H liq
1062640.16785 = 8121.726622 x H liq
Hliq = 130.8391943 ft
P alat = 14.70 Psi
= ( 13.20227968 x 130.8392 / 144 ) + 14.7
= 26.69566415 Psia
= 28.03044735 psia


Pd ri
ts = + C
f E - 0,6 Pd
28.030447353805 x 610.2961152
= + 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.6 x 28.030447354
ts = 1.818216413 in
OD = ID + 2ts
= 1220.59223 + 2.50
= 1223.092230 in

ID = OD - 2 ts
= 960.00 - 2.50
= 957.50 in = 79.7917 ft
= 1.5 x 957.50
= 1436.2500 in
= 119.68750 ft

OD
OA b
icr A
sf B
t
ID
a
r

rc = ID = 957.50 in
0.885 x Pd x rc
tha = + 0.125
( f x E - 0.1 x Pd )
= 0.885 x 28.0304 x 957.5
+ 0.125
12650 x 0.80 - 0.1 x 28.030447354
= 2.472750154 in
Sehingga tebal tutup standard = 2 1/2 = 2.50 in

Crown radius, r = 957.5 in
AB = ri - icr
= 478.75 - 3.375
= 475.38 in = 39.61458333 ft
BC = Rc - icr
= 957.50 - 3.375
= 954.125 in = 79.51041667 ft
b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5
= 957.50 - 827.2684721
= 130.232 in = 10.85262732 ft
= 2.50 + 130.232 + 4.5
= 137.2315 in = 11.4360 ft
= 119.688 + 11.4360
= 131.1235 ft
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
Nama alat : Tangki penyimpan FAEE
Tipe : Tangki penampung berbentuk silinder tegak, tutup atas standard
dished dan tutup bawah datar pada pondasi
Fungsi : Menyimpan hasil Produksi FAEE
Kapasitas : 1328300.2098 ft3
Ukuran :
a. Diameter tangki (OD) = 80 ft
tutup atas = 2.5 in
lb
14.7
(Brownell, tabel 13.1)
(Brownell, tabel 13.2)

rownell & Young,tabel 5.7)
(Brownell & Young,hal 88)

tutup atas standard

SPESIFIKASI ALAT Revisi

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L3-1

1. Tangki Penyimpan CPO (T-01)

Fungsi : Menyimpan CPO selama proses

1. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Menentukan Tebal Tangki

Dipilih faktor korosi C = 0.125 atau 1/8

Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi :

2. Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas

Tutup atas berupa standard dished head

Dari tabel yang sama didapat sf = 4.5 in

b = Rc - ( BC2 - AB2 )0,5

Tinggi tutup atas (OA) = th + b + sf

Tinggi total tangki = tinggi silinder + tutup atas

2. Pompa Feed CPO (P-01)

Perhitungan Diameter Pipa

Check Jenis Aliran :

b). Sambungan dan Valve

c). Pipa Lurus

Diperoleh efisiensi pompa adala = 80 %

Pump Horse Power = Mass Flow Rate x Wp

3. Tangki Penyimpan Ethanol ( T-02 )

Fungsi : Menyimpan Ethanol selama proses

Asumsi : Ls/D = 1.5

4. Pompa Feed Ethanol (P-02)

Jenis : Reciprocating Pump

Power motor = 104.3291046 hp

6. Reaktor Transesterifikasi 01 (R-01)

Fungsi : Tempat reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO dengan ethanol

Ethanol 85.854 0.857142857 564 483.4285714

e. Konsentrasi Umpan Reaktor

f. Volume Tube Reaktor (VTR)

Faktor keamanan = 20%

g. Menghitung konstanta kecepatan reaksi (k) pada reaktor -01

Persamaan Laju Reaksi :

Dengan menggunakan hukum stoikiometri maka :

Menghitung energi aktifasi

Etotal = ECPO + Eetanol

h. Menghitung laju pengurangan reaktan pada reaksi (-ra)

Bila konversi = x, maka:

Substitusi persamaan 1 dan 2 ke persamaan 4 :

i. Menentukan Ukuran Tube

j. Menentukan jumlah tube (Nt)

Volume 1 buah tube = ¼ π ID2 L

k. Menentukan diameter reactor, DR

As = ½ x PT x (PT . sin 60)

l. Menghitung Tinggi Reactor Stage – 01

n. Tebal Dinding Reaktor

Diameter luar kolom , OD = Ds + 2t

Bagian Reaktor 01 Perbandingan % Volume Reaktor Volume / bagian reaktor ft3

1). Bagian Pertama

p. Menghitung Pressure Drop

dimana : P : Tekanan (lbf/ft2)

z : Panjang Pipa (ft)

𝑑𝑃/𝑑𝑧=−𝐺/(𝜌_𝐺 𝑔_𝑐 𝑑𝑝) ((1−𝜀)/𝜀^3 )((150(1−𝜀) 𝜇_𝑀)/𝑑𝑝+1,75𝐺)

𝑑𝑃/100=−(410,3710 )/(1,3450𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^13 ) (0,58/0,0741)(86,5302/189,27165+718,14925)

𝑑𝑃/100=−3,0511𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−11) (7,8273)(718,6064)

𝑑𝑃=−1,7162𝑥 〖 10 〗 ^(−5) 〖𝑙𝑏〗 _𝑓⁄ 〖𝑓𝑡〗 ^2

FAEE 40.0080 0.39941298 0.824 0.32911630

Fungsi : Tempat pemisahan antara ethanol (fase gas), dengan produk

Kondisi Operasi : Suhu = 90 oC = 363 K

1. Mencari tekanan operasi flash separator

Densitas cairan, ρliq

Laju alir massa cairan = 13944.6743 kg/jam