Conceptual Integrated Science 2nd Edition Hewitt

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Chapter 7 Electricity and Magnetism

Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which force binds atoms together to form molecules?

A) gravitational
B) nuclear
C) electrical
D) centripetal
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

2) The fundamental force underlying all chemical reactions is

A) gravitational.
B) nuclear.
C) centripetal.
D) electrical.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

3) In an electrically neutral atom the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of
A) electrons that surround the nucleus.
B) neutrons in the nucleus.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Answer: A
Diff: 1
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Objective: 7.1

4) A positive ion has more

A) electrons than neutrons.
B) electrons than protons.
C) protons than electrons.
D) protons than neutrons.
E) neutrons than protons.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

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5) Strip electrons from an atom and the atom becomes a
A) positive ion.
B) negative ion.
C) different element.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

6) To say that electric charge is conserved is to say that electric charge

A) may occur in an infinite variety of quantities.
B) is a whole-number multiple of the charge of one electron.
C) will interact with neighboring electric charges.
D) can neither be created nor destroyed.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

7) The unit of electric charge, the coulomb, is the charge on

A) one electron.
B) a specific large number of electrons.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

8) A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electrical forces
A) attract.
B) repel or attract.
C) obey the inverse-square law.
D) act over shorter distances.
E) are weaker.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

9) The electrical force between charges is strongest when the

A) charges are close together.
B) charges are far apart.
C) electric force is constant everywhere.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

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10) The electrical forces between charges depends on the
A) magnitude of electric charges.
B) separation distance between electric charges.
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

11) Rub electrons from your hair with a comb and the comb becomes
A) negatively charged.
B) positively charged.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

12) An electron and a proton

A) attract each other.
B) repel each other.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.1

13) To say that an object is electrically polarized is to say

A) it is electrically charged.
B) its charges have been rearranged.
C) its internal electric field is zero.
D) it is only partially conducting.
E) it is to some degree magnetic.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

14) A balloon will stick to a wooden wall if the balloon is charged

A) negatively.
B) positively.
C) either negatively or positively.
D) neither negatively nor positively.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

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15) When the distance between two charges is halved, the electrical force between the charges
A) quadruples.
B) doubles.
C) halves.
D) is reduced by one-quarter.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

16) To say that electric charge is conserved means that no case has ever been found where
A) the total charge on an object has changed.
B) the net amount of negative charge on an object is unbalanced by a positive charge on another
object.
C) the total amount of charge on an object has increased.
D) net charge has been created or destroyed.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

17) A difference between electric forces and gravitational forces is that electrical forces include
A) separation distance.
B) repulsive interactions.
C) the inverse-square law.
D) infinite range.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

18) A conductor differs from an insulator in that a conductor has

A) more electrons than protons.
B) more protons than electrons.
C) more energy than an insulator.
D) faster moving molecules.
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.5

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19) A negatively charged rod is brought near a metal can that rests on a wood table. You touch
the opposite side of the can momentarily with your finger. The can is then
A) positively charged.
B) negatively charged.
C) uncharged.
D) charged the same as it was.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

20) Every proton in the universe is surrounded by its own

A) electric field.
B) gravitational field.
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

21) The electric field around an isolated electron has a certain strength 1 cm from the electron.
The electric field strength 2 cm from the electron is
A) half as much.
B) the same.
C) twice as much.
D) four times as much.
E) none of the above
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

22) If you use 10 J of work to push a coulomb of charge into an electric field, its voltage with
respect to its starting position is
A) less than 10 V.
B) 10 V.
C) more than 10 V.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.4

23) If you use 10 J of work to push a charge into an electric field and then release the charge, as
it flies past its starting position, its kinetic energy is
A) less than 10 J.
B) 10 J.
C) more than 10 J.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.4

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24) An electroscope is charged positively as shown by foil leaves that stand apart. As a negative
charge is brought close to the electroscope, the leaves
A) fall closer together.
B) spread farther apart.
C) do not move.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.3

25) Charge carriers in a metal are electrons rather than protons because electrons are
A) negative.
B) smaller.
C) loosely bound.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.5

26) To be safe in the unlikely case of a lightning strike, it is best to be inside a building framed
with
A) steel.
B) wood.
C) both the same
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.3

27) A charged balloon neatly illustrates that something can have a great amount of
A) potential energy and a low voltage.
B) voltage and a small potential energy.
C) both voltage and potential energy.
D) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.4

28) Normally a balloon charged to several thousand volts has a relatively small amount of
A) charge.
B) energy.
C) both
D) neither
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.4

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29) Two charges separated by one meter exert a 1-N force on each other. If the charges are
pushed to 0.25-m separation, the force on each charge will be
A) 1 N.
B) 2 N.
C) 4 N.
D) 8 N.
E) 16 N.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

30) Two charges separated by 1 m exert a 1-N force on each other. If the charges are pulled to a
3-m separation distance, the force on each charge will be
A) 0.33 N.
B) 0.11 N.
C) 0 N.
D) 3 N.
E) 9 N.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

31) Two charges separated by 1 m exert a 1-N force on each other. If the magnitude of each
charge is doubled, the force on each charge is
A) 1 N.
B) 2 N.
C) 4 N.
D) 8 N.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

32) The electrical force on a 2-C charge is 60 N. What is the value of the electric field at the
place where the charge is located?
A) 20 N/C
B) 30 N/C
C) 60 N/C
D) 120 N/C
E) 240 N/C
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.2

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33) An electron is pushed into an electric field where it acquires a 1-V electrical potential. If two
electrons are pushed the same distance into the same electric field, the electrical potential of the
two electrons is
A) 0.25 V.
B) 0.5 V.
C) 1 V.
D) 2 V.
E) 4 V.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Objective: 7.4

34) A proton and an electron are placed in an electric field. Which undergoes the greater
acceleration?
A) the electron
B) the proton
C) Both accelerate equally.
D) Neither accelerates.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Objective: 7.3

35) Electrons are made to flow in a wire when there is

A) an imbalance of charges in the wire.
B) more potential energy at one end of the wire than the other.
C) a potential difference across its ends.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.5

36) An ampere is a unit of electrical

A) pressure.
B) current.
C) resistance.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.7

37) A wire that carries an electric current

A) is electrically charged.
B) may be electrically charged.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.5

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38) The units used to measure electrical resistance are called
A) volts.
B) AC.
C) ohms.
D) watts.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.8

39) About how much electrical resistance does the human body have?
A) 200,000 ohms
B) 300,000 ohms
C) 400,000 ohms
D) 500,000 ohms
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.8

40) A coulomb of charge that passes through a 6-V battery is given

A) 6 joules.
B) 6 amperes.
C) 6 ohms.
D) 6 watts.
E) 6 newtons.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.9

41) Which statement is correct?

A) Current flows through a circuit.
B) Voltage flows through a circuit.
C) Resistance is established across a circuit.
D) Current causes voltage.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.7

42) Electrons move in an electrical circuit

A) by being bumped by other electrons.
B) by colliding with molecules.
C) by interacting with an established electric field.
D) because the wires are so thin.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.7

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43) A wire carrying a current is normally charged
A) negatively.
B) positively.
C) not at all.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.7

44) The current in a 100-W bulb connected to a 120-V source is

A) 0.5 A.
B) 1.2 A.
C) 12,000 A.
D) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.9

45) When a battery does 24 J of work on 10 C of charge, the voltage it supplies is

A) 2.4 V.
B) 4.2 V.
C) 24 V.
D) 240 V.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.9

46) The current through a 10 ohm resistor connected to a 120-V power supply is
A) 1 A.
B) 10 A.
C) 12 A.
D) 120 A.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.9

47) A 10 ohm resistor has 5 A current in it. What is the voltage across the resistor?
A) 5 V
B) 10 V
C) 15 V
D) 20 V
E) more than 20 V
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.9

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48) When a 10-V battery is connected to a resistor, 2 A of current flow in the resistor. What is
the resistor's value?
A) 2 ohms
B) 5 ohms
C) 10 ohms
D) 20 ohms
E) more than 20 ohms
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.9

49) The source of electrons in an ordinary electrical circuit is

A) a dry cell, wet cell, or battery.
B) the back emf of motors.
C) the power station generator.
D) the electrical conductor itself.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

50) The source of electrons lighting an incandescent AC light bulb is

A) the power company.
B) electrical outlet.
C) atoms in the light bulb filament.
D) the wire leading to the lamp.
E) the source voltage.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

51) A woman experiences an electrical shock. The electrons making the shock come from the
A) woman's body.
B) ground.
C) power plant.
D) hair dryer.
E) electric field in the air.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

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52) In a common DC circuit, electrons move at the speed of
A) a fraction of a centimeter per second.
B) many centimeters per second.
C) a sound wave.
D) light.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

53) When a light switch is turned on in a DC circuit, the average speed of electrons in the lamp is
A) the speed of sound waves in metal.
B) the speed of light.
C) 1000 cm/s.
D) less than 1 cm/s.
E) dependent on how quickly each electron bumps into the next electron.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

54) Alternating current is normally produced by a

A) battery.
B) generator.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

55) The electric power of a lamp that carries 2 A at 120 V is

A) 1/6 W.
B) 2 W.
C) 60 W.
D) 20 W.
E) 240 W.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.11

56) When two lamps are connected in parallel to a battery, the electrical resistance that the
battery senses is
A) more than the resistance of either lamp.
B) less than the resistance of either lamp.
C) neither A nor B
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10
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57) When two lamps are connected in series to a battery, the electrical resistance that the battery
senses is
A) more than the resistance of either lamp.
B) less than the resistance of either lamp.
C) neither A nor B
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

58) There are electrons in the filament of the AC lamp in your bedroom. When you turn on the
lamp and it glows, the glowing comes from
A) different electrons; the ones that flow in the circuit to your lamp.
B) the same electrons.
C) the positive charges that flow in the filament.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

59) In an electric circuit, the safety fuse is connected to the circuit in

A) series.
B) parallel.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

60) When a pair of 1 ohm resistors are connected in series, their combined resistance is
A) 1 ohm, and when connected in parallel, 2 ohms.
B) 2 ohms, and when in parallel, 1 ohm.
C) 1/2 ohm, and when in parallel, 2 ohms.
D) 2 ohms, and when in parallel, 1/2 ohm.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

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61)

In the 110-V circuit shown,

A) 110 C of charge flow through the lamp every second.
B) 110 J of energy are converted to heat and light in the circuit every second.
C) 110 J of energy are given to each coulomb of charge making up the current in the circuit.
D) 110 J of energy are shared among all the coulombs in the circuit at any instant.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.10

62) The number of electrons delivered daily to an average American home by an average power
utility in the mid-1980s was
A) zero.
B) 110.
C) 220.
D) billions of billions.
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

63) As more lamps are put into a series circuit, the overall current in the power source
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

64) As more lamps are put into a parallel circuit, the overall current in the power source
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) stays the same.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

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65) When we say an appliance "uses up" electricity, we really are saying that
A) current disappears.
B) electric charges are dissipated.
C) the main power supply voltage is lowered.
D) electrons are taken out of the circuit and put somewhere else.
E) electron kinetic energy is changed into heat.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

66) Compared to the resistance of two resistors connected in series, the same two resistors
connected in parallel have
A) more resistance.
B) less resistance.
C) the same resistance.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

67) If you plug an electric toaster rated at 110-V into a 220-V outlet, current in the toaster will be
about
A) half what is should be.
B) the same as if it were plugged into 110-V.
C) more than twice what it should be.
D) twice what it should be.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

68) What is the power rating of a light bulb when 0.8 A flow through it when connected to a
120-V outlet?
A) 12 W
B) 15 W
C) 60 W
D) 96 W
E) 120 W
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.11

69) The headlights, radio, and defroster fan in an automobile are connected in
A) series.
B) parallel.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.10

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70) The power dissipated in a 4 ohm resistor carrying 3 A is
A) 7 W.
B) 18 W.
C) 36 W.
D) 48 W.
E) not enough information given
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.11

71) The source of all magnetism is

A) tiny pieces of iron.
B) tiny domains of aligned atoms.
C) ferromagnetic materials.
D) moving electric charge.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.12

72) Moving electric charges will interact with

A) an electric field.
B) a magnetic field.
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

73) An iron rod becomes magnetic when

A) positive ions accumulate at one end and negative ions at the other end.
B) its atoms are aligned having plus charges on one side and negative charges on the other.
C) the net spins of its electrons are in the same direction.
D) its electrons stop moving and point in the same direction.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.12

74) Like kinds of magnetic poles repel while unlike kinds of magnetic poles
A) attract.
B) repel also.
C) may attract or repel.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

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75) Several paper clips dangle from the north pole of a magnet. The induced pole in the bottom
of the lowermost paper clip is a
A) north pole.
B) south pole.
C) north or south pole—no difference really.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.3

76) An iron nail is more strongly attracted to the

A) north pole of a magnet.
B) south pole of a magnet.
C) north or south pole—no difference really.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

77) Surrounding every moving electron is

A) a magnetic field.
B) an electric field.
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

78) Magnetism is due to the motion of electrons as they

A) move around the nucleus.
B) spin on their axes.
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

79) Magnetic domains normally occur in

A) iron.
B) copper.
C) silver.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

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80) Magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire
A) extend radially from the wire.
B) circle the wire in closed loops.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

81) The force on an electron moving in a magnetic field will be the largest when its direction is
A) the same as the magnetic field direction.
B) exactly opposite to the magnetic field direction.
C) perpendicular to the magnetic field direction.
D) at an angle other than 90° to the magnetic field direction.
E) none of the above
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

82) The intensity of cosmic rays bombarding Earth's surface is largest at the
A) poles.
B) midlatitudes.
C) equator.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

83) Which pole of a compass needle points to a south pole of magnet?

A) north pole
B) south pole
C) both A and B
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

84) An electric motor and electric generator are

A) very similar devices.
B) entirely different devices.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.14

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85) Magnet A has twice the magnetic field strength of magnet B, and at a certain distance pulls
on magnet B with a force of 100 N. The amount of force that magnet A exerts on magnet B is
A) at or about 50 N.
B) exactly 100 N.
C) not enough information given
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.12

86) Compared to the huge force that attracts an iron tack to a strong magnet, the force that the
tack exerts on the magnet is
A) relatively small.
B) equally huge.
C) not enough information given
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.12

87) If a compass is moved from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere, its
magnetic needle will change direction
A) by 180°.
B) depending on where the measurement is taken.
C) by 90°.
D) hardly at all.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.13

88) A likely cause for the existence of Earth's magnetic field is

A) moving charges in the liquid part of Earth's core.
B) great numbers of very slow moving charges in the Earth.
C) convection currents in the liquid part of Earth's core.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Objective: IS 7B

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89) When there is a change in the magnetic field in a closed loop of wire,
A) a voltage is induced in the wire.
B) current is made to flow in the loop of wire.
C) electromagnetic induction occurs.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

90) Thrust a magnet into a coil of wire and the coil

A) becomes an electromagnet.
B) has a current in it.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

91) When a magnet is thrust into a coil of wire, the coil tends to
A) attract the magnet as it enters.
B) repel the magnet as it enters.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

92) Electromagnetic induction occurs in a coil when there is a change in

A) electric field intensity in the coil.
B) magnetic field intensity in the coil.
C) voltage in the coil.
D) the coil's polarity.
E) electromagnetic polarity.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

93) Voltage can be induced in a wire by

A) moving the wire near a magnet.
B) moving a magnet near the wire.
C) changing the current in a nearby wire.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

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94) A device that transforms electrical energy to mechanical energy is a
A) generator.
B) motor.
C) transformer.
D) magnet.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

95) Rapid changes of a magnetic field induces

A) a magnetic field of greater magnitude.
B) a magnetic field of the same magnitude.
C) an electric field.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.15

96) The metal detectors that people walk through at airports operate via
A) Ohm's Law.
B) Faraday's Law.
C) Coulomb's Law.
D) Newton's laws.
E) civil laws.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.15

Essay Questions

1) What are the similarities and differences between Coulomb's Law and Newton's Law of
gravitation?
Answer: Both laws are inverse-square laws and both are directly dependent on the quantities
involved: electric charge for electrical force, and mass for gravitational force. The coulomb force
between a pair of electrons is many billions of times greater than the gravitational force between
them. Whereas the gravitational force is only attractive, the coulomb force can be attractive or
repulsive, depending on whether like or unlike charges are involved.
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.2

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2) What is the difference between an insulator and a conductor of electricity? Give examples of
each.
Answer: A good electrical conductor is any material composed of atoms with "loose" outer
electrons that are free to move about in the material. Any metal is an example, most notably
silver and copper. An insulator is any material composed of atoms with tightly bound outer
electrons, such as wood, rubber, glass, and distilled water.
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.5

3) What is an electric current, how does it flow in a wire, and about how fast do the electrons
move?
Answer: Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge in a circuit. In a wire, current is the
flow of electrons through the wire. They move at extremely high speeds about the atomic
nucleus and through empty space, but in a wire or other conductor they have so many collisions
each second that their overall headway is only a small fraction of a centimeter per second. If the
current is AC, then electrons don't have any net flow—they vibrate to and fro about relatively
fixed positions.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.7

4) Distinguish between AC and DC. When you plug a light bulb into a wall socket, where do the
electrons come from?
Answer: AC is alternating current, where electrons do not migrate but simply alternate about
relatively fixed positions. In DC, the flow of electrons is in one direction only. Migration does
occur, but the source of electrons, whether in a DC or AC circuit, is the electrical conductor
itself. You can buy a water pipe in a hardware store with no water inside, but you can't buy an
electron pipe without its store of electrons. Wires and all materials come with electrons in them.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.7

5) What is the cause of a magnetic field about a permanent magnet, and about a current-carrying
wire?
Answer: All magnetic fields have their origin in moving electric charges. About a permanent
magnet the moving charges are the electrons in the atoms making up the magnet—most
commonly iron atoms. About a current-carrying wire, the moving electrons produce the magnetic
field.
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

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6) What happens to a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field? How does orientation of the wire
make a difference?
Answer: Properly oriented, a current-carrying wire experiences a force when it is in a magnetic
field. The force is proportional to the magnetic field strength, the current in the wire, and the
orientation of the wire. When the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field, force is maximum.
When the wire is parallel to the magnetic field, force is minimum—that is, zero. In between
parallel and perpendicular, the field varies between minimum and maximum.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.14

7) Can an electron be set into motion and speeded up by a magnetic field? By an electric field?
Answer: An electron or any charged particle can be set into motion by an electric field. In fact,
the presence of an electric field is responsible for electric currents in general. But a magnetic
field exerts no force on a stationary electron, and even on a moving electron the force is always
perpendicular to the motion of the electron, so no work is done. A magnetic field can deflect a
moving electron, but it cannot change its speed.
Diff: 3
Objective: 7.14

8) Distinguish between a common bar magnet and an electromagnet.

Answer: A common bar magnet is composed of iron atoms, which produce the magnetic field
via the motion of their electrons. An electromagnet is a coil of wire, usually wrapped around a
piece of iron, that gets its magnetism from the electric current in the coil.
Diff: 1
Objective: 7.13

9) State Faraday's Law of Induction and explain what it means.

Answer: Faraday's Law states that voltage induced across a coil is proportional to the rate at
which the magnetic field strength through the coil changes. It is also proportional to the number
of turns on the coil. This change can be brought about by rotating the coil, changing its shape, or
changing the magnetic field strength. Because of Faraday's Law, current need not be restricted to
batteries, but can be induced in a wire by any of the changes stated. Faraday's Law underlies
generators.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.15

10) What correction do you make to a friend who states that a step-up transformer boosts energy,
while a step-down transformer reduces energy in a circuit.
Answer: You remind your friend of the conservation of energy. Although a transformer can step
up or step down voltages and currents, no way can it do the same with energy. Energy can
neither be created nor destroyed.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.15

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11) What is the connection, if any, between electromagnetic induction and sunshine?
Answer: Sunshine is light, which is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, all of which is
produced by accelerating electric charges. Vibrating charges in the Sun or any body constitute
vibrating electric currents, which induce vibrating magnetic fields, which induce . . . and so on.
All light is electromagnetic waves, the result of electromagnetic induction.
Diff: 2
Objective: 7.15

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