Operating Profit to Sales Operating Profit Net Sales Effective Tax Rate Income Tax Expenses Profit Before Taxes Net Profit Margin Net Profit Net Sales Return on Assets Net Profit Average Total Assets Return on Equity (assuming Net Profit Average Equity there are no preference shares) = Net Profit Margin Total Asset Turnover (Average Asset Average Equity) Payout Ratio (assuming there Cash Dividend declared per share Basic EPS are no preference shares) = Total Cash Dividend Declared Net Income Retention Ratio (assuming 1 – Payout Ratio there are no preference shares) = (Net Income – Cash Dividend Declared) Net Income
Leverage Ratios
Times Interest Earned or EBIT Interest Expense
Interest Coverage Ratio Debt Equity Ratio Total Borrowings Total Equity Liability to Equity Ratio Total Liability Total Equity = (Total Assets Total Equity) – 1
1 Efficiency or Turnover Ratio
Total Asset Turnover Ratio Net Sales Average Total Assets
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio Net Sales Average Fixed Assets Current Asset Turnover Ratio Net Sales Average Current Assets Working Capital Turnover Ratio Net Sales Average Working Capital Accounts Receivable Turnover Net Sales Average Accounts Receivable Days of Accounts Receivable 365 days Accounts Receivable Turnover = Average A/R Average Daily Net Sales Inventory Turnover Cost of Goods Sold Average Inventory Days of Inventory 365 days Inventory Turnover = Average Inventory Average Daily COGS Accounts Payable Turnover Net Purchases Average Accounts Payable Days of Accounts Payable 365 days Accounts Payable Turnover = Average A/P Average Daily Net Purchases Operating Cycle Days of Inventory + Days of Accounts Receivable
Liquidity and Cash Flow Ratios
Current Ratio Current Assets Current Liabilities
Quick Ratio (Current Assets – Inventory – Prepaid Expenses) Current Liabilities = (Current Investments + Cash & Bank + Trade Receivable + Short Term Loans & Advances) Current Liabilities Cash Cycle Operating Cycle – Days of Accounts Payable
Market based ratios
Price/Earnings Ratio Market Price per share EPS (basic)
Dividends Yield Dividend per Share Market Price per share