Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity and Gender 5th Edition Healey Test Bank 1

Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Test Bank for Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity and

Gender 5th edition by Healey ISBN 1452275742
9781452275741
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Chapter 5: African Americans: From Segregation to Modern Institutional Discrimination and Modern
Racism
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following statements about African Americans today is false?

a. African Americans are highly urbanized.
b. African Americans are represented in virtually every occupational grouping.
c. African Americans are dispersed throughout the United States.
d. African Americans are visible at the highest levels of U.S. society, including the Supreme Court.
*e. None of the above
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Primary Structural Assimilation; p. 186
Question Type: MC
2. Which of the following presidents signed an executive order banning discrimination in defense-
related industries?
*a. Franklin D. Roosevelt
b. John F. Kennedy
c. Jimmy Carter
d. Harry Truman
e. Lyndon B. Johnson
Answer Location: Wartime Developments; p. 188
Question Type: MC
3. The civil rights movement’s principles of nonviolence were adopted from the tenets of Christianity
and from the teachings of ________.
a. President Kennedy
*b. Mohandas Gandhi
c. Karl Marx
d. Malcolm X
e. Thurgood Marshall
Answer Location: Nonviolent Direct Action Protest; p. 190
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
4. The most well-known spokesperson for the Nation of Islam was ________.
a. Thurgood Marshall
*b. Malcolm X
c. Marcus Garvey
d. Fannie Lou Hamer
e. Huey Newton
Answer Location: The Nation of Islam; p. 195
Question Type: MC
5. Both the civil rights and Black Power movements tended to be dominated by ________.
*a. men
b. African American women
c. white women
d. both genders
e. African American women and white women
Answer Location: Gender and Black Protest; p. 196
Question Type: MC
6. The Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision overturned the principle of ________,
established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.
a. “no taxation without representation”
*b. “separate but equal”
c. “justice within inequality”
d. “equal access to all public facilities”
e. “white teachers in black school houses”
Answer Location: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka; p. 189
Question Type: MC
7. The beginning of the civil rights movement is often traced back to ________.
*a. Montgomery, Alabama
b. Selma, Alabama
c. Birmingham, Alabama
d. Biloxi, Mississippi
e. New Orleans, Louisiana
Question Type: MC
8. Rosa Parks, a seamstress and NAACP member, is famous for . . .

*a. Refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man
b. Refusing to leave an all-white coffeehouse
c. Being the first black student to integrate an all-white school
d. Founding the NAACP
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
e. Founding the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Question Type: MC
9. The goals of the civil rights movement are akin to the concept of ________.
a. separatism
b. pluralism
c. nationalism
*d. assimilation
e. segregation
Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement; p. 192
Question Type: MC
10. The race riots of the mid-1960s began in a black neighborhood in ________.
*a. Watts, Los Angeles
b. Detroit
c. Newark
d. St. Louis
e. Washington, D.C.
Answer Location: Urban Unrest; p. 193
Question Type: MC
11. Which of the following leaders is most closely associated with the Black Power movement?
a. Martin Luther King
b. A. Philip Randolph
c. Thurgood Marshall
*d. Malcolm X
e. Fannie Lou Hamer
Answer Location The Black Power Movement; p. 195
Question Type: MC
12. The Black Power movement was an important move toward ________.
a. acculturation
*b. pluralism
c. assimilation
d. integration
e. segregation
Answer Location The Black Power Movement; p. 195
Question Type: MC
13. Fannie Lou Hamer of Mississippi founded the ________.

Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
a. Black Muslims
b. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
*c. Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
d. White Citizen’s Council
e. Black Panther Party
Question Type: MC
14. Unlike in the urban uprisings of the 1960s, those following the acquittals of police officers in the
Rodney King case . . .
*a. Organized attacks directly on whites and on other minority groups
b. Organized attacks only on police officers
c. Organized mostly peaceful, nonviolent demonstrations
d. Focused on directly attacking the white community
e. Ensured that there were no casualties
Answer Location: The Criminal Justice System and African Americans; p. 200
Question Type: MC
15. According to one national survey, ________ percent of young black men felt that they had been
“treated unfairly” in dealings with the police.
a. 10
b. 60
c. 25
*d. 17
e. 50
Answer Location: Racial Profiling; p. 204
Question Type: MC
16. African Americans and other minority groups of color have been adversely affected by the national
loss of jobs in the ________.
*a. manufacturing sector
b. agricultural sector
c. service sector
d. primary sector
e. urban sector
Answer Location: Urban Poverty; p. 207
Question Type: MC
17. The concept of an urban underclass tends to treat the problems of African Americans as . . .
a. Problems that can be solved by a reduction of prejudice in the white community
b. Problems of motivation that would be solved if black people worked harder
*c. Problems that grow out of an economy that is shared by other poor urbanites
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
d. Problems of socialization and values that would be solved if more African Americans had middle-class
values
e. Problems connected to a lack of educational opportunity
Question Type: MC
18. Opposed to the culture of poverty theory, the analysis presented in the text sees the high
percentage of female-headed households in the African American community as ________.
a. a cause of poverty
b. a cause of antiblack prejudice
*c. a result of poverty and unemployment
d. a legacy of slavery
e. an Illustration of a black family
Answer Location: Culture of Poverty Theory; p. 212
Question Type: MC
19. In regard to level of education, the gap between African Americans and European Americans has
________.
a. decreased only for men
b. decreased only for women
*c. decreased for both men and women but has not disappeared
d. disappeared
e. actually increased
Answer Location: School Integration; p. 224
Question Type: MC
20. The unemployment rate for African Americans is about ________ as that for European Americans.
*a. twice as high
b. 10 times as high
c. half as high
d. the same
e. 3 times as high
Answer Location: The Differential Impact of Hard Times; p. 209
Question Type: MC
21. In recent decades, the number of interracial marriages has ________.

a. decreased slightly
b. stayed the same
*c. increased
d. decreased drastically
e. increased drastically
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: MC
22. Which of the following does NOT exemplify racial profiling? The police . . .
a. Stopping a black man for “driving while black”
*b. “Getting tough” on drug crime
c. Detaining a person they believe does not belong in a specific part of town because of his or her
ethnicity or race
d. Detaining a driver because they believe it to be unlikely that he or she would drive a particular make
of car (e.g., BMW, Mercedes) due to his or her ethnicity or race
e. Implementing stop-and-frisk programs that target poor, minority neighborhoods
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Racial Profiling; pp. 203–204
Question Type: MC
23. Up to a third of all black men are under the supervision of the legal system in jail, in prison, on
probation, or on parole. According to the text, what accounts for this incredibly high level of
supervision?
a. Black men’s use of guns during crime sprees
*b. National “get tough” policies on drug use
c. Black men’s lack of father figures during adolescence
d. Racial profiling that targets blacks in inner cities
e. Poverty and depravation
Answer Location: The War on Drugs; p. 202
Question Type: MC
24. According to the text, what is the most probable effect of past-in-present discrimination on the
economic marginality of the black middle class?
a. An increase in the amount of blacks working in the secondary labor market
b. An increase in the black middle class’s motivation to succeed
c. An increase in benefits from affirmative action beyond that of whites
d. A decrease in the likelihood that they will own their own homes and businesses
*e. The black middle class will be more economically marginal
Answer Location: The Black Middle Class; p. 206
Question Type: MC
25. According to adherents of the Black Power movement, which of the following methods is best for
empowering black Americans?
a. Believing that black is beautiful and that blacks can be successful
b. Peaceful and patient assimilation, similar to Booker T. Washington’s ideals
c. Mobilization and marches on Washington similar to how A. Philip Randolph organized the sleeping-car
porters
*d. Self-liberation, without regard for what white Americans want
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
e. Separatism, including a possible return to Africa, as promoted by W. E. B. Du Bois

Answer Location: The Nation of Islam and Other Black Power Groups; p. 195
Question Type: MC
26. The Nation of Islam is most closely aligned with which position regarding African Americans?
a. A “black is beautiful” media campaign
b. Peaceful and patient assimilation
c. Mobilization and marches on Washington similar to how A. Philip Randolph organized the sleeping-car
porters
d. Separatism, with African Americans living in unique all-black communities throughout America
*e. Autonomy and independence with no integration into “the system”
Question Type: MC
27. Which of the following is incorrect regarding black nationalism?

*a. It was simply a reaction to the failed dreams of African Americans.
b. It was a way of defining what it means to be African American.
c. It was a new rallying cry for solidarity and unified action amongst African Americans.
d. It was an ideology that provided an analysis for the problems of American race relations in the 1960s.
e. It was developed by Malcolm X, among others.
Answer Location: The Black Power Movement; p. 196
Question Type: MC
28. While African Americans are 16% of all young people, they are ________ of all juvenile arrests.
*a. 28%
b. 34%
c. 47%
d. 53%
e. 66%
Answer Location: A Biased Criminal Justice System?; p. 202
Question Type: MC
29. In a recent study on modern racism, the most commonly endorsed explanation for the continuing
black–white inequality was that . . .
a. Black Americans lacked the ability to learn
*b. Black Americans lacked the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty
c. Black Americans aren’t provided with the education it takes to rise out of poverty
d. Discrimination against black Americans is too strong
e. Blacks take too much advantage of affirmative action
Answer Location: Traditional Prejudice and Modern Racism; p. 218
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
30. In a recent study on modern racism, respondents who attributed continuing racial inequality to
either the lack of ability or the lack of motivation of African Americans also . . .
*a. Opposed government intervention
b. Approved of government intervention
c. Were more likely to vote for black politicians
d. Were less likely to vote for black politicians
e. Were sympathetic to the history of discrimination against blacks
Question Type: MC
31. Rockquemore and Brunsma (2008) identified four main categories that their respondents used to
understand their biracialism. Which of the following is not one of these four categories?
a. Border identity
b. Singular identity
*c. Outsider identity
d. Transcendent identity
e. Protean identity
Answer Location: Mixed Race and New Racial Identities; p. 214
Question Type: MC
32. Sociologist Rogelio Saenz (2005) analyzed the situation of blacks in the 15 largest metropolitan areas
in the nation and found that . . .
a. In comparison to whites, African Americans are much more likely to be living in highly impoverished
neighborhoods
b. African Americans are much more likely to be socially and geographically isolated
c. African Americans are much more likely to be cut off from economic and social service opportunities
d. None of the above
*e. All of the above
Question Type: MC
33. In 2004, ________ became the first African American female to serve as Secretary of State in
America.
*a. Condoleezza Rice
b. Maya Angelou
c. Toni Morrison
d. Harriet Tubman
e. Madeleine Albright
Answer Location: Political Power; p. 225
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
34. By 2012, which group was 1.5 times more likely than black women to have a college degree?
*a. White men
b. White women
c. Black men
d. Latino men
e. Latina women
Question Type: MC
35. According to the text, in the 2012 presidential election, the black turnout was ______ percent.
a. 64.1
*b. 66.2
c. 16
d. 10
e. 13
Question Type: MC
36. An example of ________ is when African Americans are incorporated into a society and have equal
access to institutions such as government and schools.
*a. secondary structural assimilation
b. pluralism
c. cultural relativism
d. structural assimilation
e. assimilation
Answer Location: Secondary Structural Assimilation; p. 220
Question Type: MC
37. Recent state laws that require voters to show a government-issued photo ID are seen as a way to
________.
*a. restrict voting rights
b. decrease illegal immigration
c. expand voting rights
d. ameliorate past voting discrimination
e. enfranchise more voters
Question Type: MC
38. ________ of African American households currently have incomes greater than $150,000.
a. 0%
*b. 3%
c. 10%
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
d. 33%
e. 47%
Question Type: MC
39. According to the text, in the study by Rockquemore and Brunsma (2008), the respondents in the
study who categorized themselves as having a transcendent identity insist that they should be seen as . .
.
a. Individuals who can change as they move from group to group
b. Biracial but are classified by others as black
*c. Unique individuals and not placed in any racial category
d. exclusively black or exclusively white and not biracial
e. Cablanasian
Question Type: MC
40. In which era might the situation of the African American community be characterized as structural
pluralism combined with inequality?
a. The antebellum South
b. The pre-WWII North
c. The modern civil rights movement
d. The Black Power movement
*e. The early 21st century
Answer Location: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?; p. 234
Question Type: MC
41. Americans between the ages of ________ are most likely to approve of interracial marriage.
*a. 18 and 29
b. 30 and 44
c. 45 and 64
d. 65 and 84
e. 85 and older
Question Type: MC
True/False
42. Today, about half of all African Americans reside in the North.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Answer Location: Residential Patterns; p. 220
Question Type: TF
43. Female-headed African American families tend to be poor because they are weak.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: The Culture of Poverty; p. 212
Question Type: TF
44. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was important as a Supreme Court decision in 1954 because
it allowed a few African American children to go to school with white children.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?; p. 234
Question Type: TF
45. The central tactics of the civil rights movement under Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. emphasized
nonviolent direct action.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
46. The civil rights movement was successful in ending de facto segregation in the United States.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: The Civil Rights Movement; p. 190
Question Type: TF
47. Urban unrest that occurred in the 1960s was a result of the success of the civil rights movement in
ending de jure discrimination.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
48. The Black Power movement supported Martin Luther King Jr.’s ideals of integration and assimilation.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: TF
49. The Nation of Islam and other Black Power groups distinguished between racial separation and racial
segregation, with the former supporting empowerment and the latter supporting domination.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
50. The pluralistic themes of Black Power were a reaction to the failure of assimilation and integration of
the 1950s and 1960s.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
51. The Black Power movement and the Nation of Islam encouraged full participation of black women as
leaders in their movements.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
52. The manufacturing sector of the workplace has stopped growing, and the jobs available to minority
groups in the service sector often pay low wages and offer low benefits, no security, and no links to
increased opportunity.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
53. The culture of poverty theory proves that the issue of urban poverty is due to female-headed
families with “bad” or inappropriate work values.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
54. The Moynihan Report, which supports the culture of poverty theory, could be considered by critics
as an example of blaming the victim.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
55. The black middle class has decreased since the Reconstruction era.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: The Black Middle Class; p. 204
Question Type: TF
56. Modern racism supports the idea that African Americans are inherently inferior based on biological
differences.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
57. Modern racism is a form of blaming the victim; it sees the problem of inequality as the responsibility
of minority groups and not the larger society.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
58. According to the text, the weight of the growing black vote was first felt in the 1930s.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: The End of De Jure Segregation; p. 187
Question Type: TF
59. The Montgomery bus boycott was led by the Reverend Jesse Jackson, the new minister of a local
Baptist church.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
60. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 required that the same standards be used to register all citizens in
federal, state, and local elections.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Landmark Legislation; p. 190
Question Type: TF
61. Until the mid-1960s, racial riots were nonexistent in the United States.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
62. The civil rights movement tended to be dominated by women.

a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
63. Throughout Central and South America, social class is considered more important than race as a
criterion for judging and ranking other people.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Race in Another America; p. 198
Question Type: TF
64. The more desirable jobs in the service sector demand more educational prerequisites.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
65. The results of Royster’s study suggest that access to jobs is controlled by nepotism, cronyism,
personal relationships, and networks of social relations that are decidedly not open to everyone.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Closed Networks and Racial Exclusion; pp. 208–209
Question Type: TF
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
66. Integration of schools through social class and race does not improve test scores but betters the
educational experiences of students.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
67. According to the text, secondary structural assimilation refers to integration in more public areas,
such as the job market, schools, and political institutions.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Secondary Structural Assimilation; p. 220
Question Type: TF
68. School integration was one of the most important goals of the civil rights movement in the 1950s
and 1960s.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
69. All children of one African American parent and one white parent self-identify as African American.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: Mixed Race and New Racial Identities p. 213
Question Type: TF
70. The experience of racism is so intense that African American women and men do not experience any
intraracial gender tensions.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
71. All segments of the African American community have the same experiences, regardless of class and
gender.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
72. The solution to African American urban poverty lies in fundamental changes to the urban industrial
economy and sweeping alterations in the distribution of resources and opportunities.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
73. Residential integration has increased rapidly since the end of Jim Crow segregation.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: Residential Patterns; p. 220
Question Type: TF
Essay
74. “Relations between dominant and minority groups change as the larger society changes.” Apply this
idea to American black–white relations in the 20th century. How were African Americans in the South
and North affected by industrialization and automation? Include a discussion on changing prejudices and
discrimination, jobs, and residential patterns.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
75. The civil rights movement in the South during the 1950s and 1960s relied on nonviolent, direct
action as a primary strategy. Describe how this strategy worked. Why did this strategy succeed in the
South? Why did it NOT succeed outside of the South?
a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
76. Summarize and critique the culture of poverty theory as it has been applied to African Americans.
Does the culture of poverty theory provide an adequate explanation for black urban poverty? Why or
why not?
a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
77. Characterize the status of African Americans in terms of acculturation, secondary structural
integration, and primary structural assimilation.
a. Varies
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: ESS
78. Describe and explain modern racism. How does this form of prejudice differ from other forms? What
are the relationships between modern racism and support for government policies that address
problems of racial and ethnic inequality?
a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
79. How do people of multiracial descent define themselves today? How are they defined by others?
What are the implications of these definitions?
a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
80. Why is it incorrect to assume that the United States is now a postracial society? Describe why this is
not the case by using examples from the text regarding the public’s opinion and attitudes, influence of
educational attainment, income, and so forth.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Question Type: ESS
81. Explain how gender shaped the experiences of men and women in the civil rights and Black Power
movements.
a. Varies
Question Type: ESS

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Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity and Gender 5th Edition Healey Test Bank 1

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Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition

Test Bank for Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity and

1. Which of the following statements about African Americans today is false?

8. Rosa Parks, a seamstress and NAACP member, is famous for . . .

e. Founding the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

13. Fannie Lou Hamer of Mississippi founded the ________.

21. In recent decades, the number of interracial marriages has ________.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

e. Separatism, including a possible return to Africa, as promoted by W. E. B. Du Bois

27. Which of the following is incorrect regarding black nationalism?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

62. The civil rights movement tended to be dominated by women.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

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