Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity and Gender 5th Edition Healey Test Bank

Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity
and Gender 5th Edition Healey Test

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Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Chapter 7: Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves
Multiple Choice
1. In ________, the Bracero Program was initiated to bring in contract laborers from Mexico.
a. 1962
b. 1952
*c. 1942
d. 1932
e. 1922
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Table 7.2 Significant Dates in Mexican Immigration; p. 293
Question Type: MC
2. The 1960s was a time of intense activism and militancy for Mexican Americans. A protest movement
guided by an ideology called ________ began.
a. Brown Power
b. Zapatistas
*c. Chicanismo
d. Tejanismo
e. Chicano Crusaders
Answer Location: Chicanismo; p. 300
Question Type: MC
3. ________’s best known tactic was the organization of a grape pickers’ strike and a national grape
boycott that began in 1965.
*a. César Chávez
b. Jose Angel Gutierrez
c. Reis Lopez Tijerina
d. Rodolfo Gonzalez
e. Linda Alvarez
Answer Location: Organizations and Leaders; p. 302
Question Type: MC
4. In 2011, the number of undocumented immigrants was estimated at ________.

*a. 11.1 million
b. 12.8 million
c. 13.2 million
d. 14.6 million
e. 15.8 million
Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration
Policy; pp. 294–295
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Question Type: MC
5. About ________% of the U.S. population is foreign-born.

a. 1
b. 5
*c. 13
d. 20
e. 25
Answer Location: Immigration to Europe vs. Immigration to the United States; p. 313
Question Type: MC
6. The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly ________.

a. Native American and African
b. African and European
*c. Native American and European
d. Asian and European
e. Native American only
Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 288
Question Type: MC
7. The term Hispanic American . . .

a. Is widely applied, and since it is based on a shared language, it is seen as a neutral term and
nonoffensive to non-Hispanics
b. Can have negative meanings and controversial connotations
c. Does not acknowledge the roots that some groups have to African and Native American civilizations
d. Is a label that was invented and applied by the dominant group
*e. All of the above
Question Type: MC
8. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mexican Americans were a small group and both culturally and
linguistically separate from the dominant group. In this way, they resembled ________.
a. Irish Americans
b. African Americans
c. German Americans
*d. Native Americans
e. Jewish Americans
Question Type: MC
9. At the beginning of the 20th century, Mexican Americans were a low-paid workforce in the rural
sector of their regional economy. In this regard, they resembled ________.
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
*a. African Americans

b. American Indians
c. Irish Americans
d. German Americans
e. Jewish Americans
Question Type: MC
10. During the 20th century, immigration from Mexico to the United States . . .
a. remained low and inconsistent
*b. fluctuated according to the demand for unskilled labor in the U.S.
c. generally declined; there are actually fewer immigrants today than in the 1930s
d. fluctuated according to the demand for workers in the primary sector of the U.S. economy
e. declined as the children of former immigrants are now replacing their parents
Question Type: MC
11. Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico . . .

a. Has been consistently pro-immigration
b. Has been consistently anti-immigration
*c. Has fluctuated between being pro- and anti-immigration
d. Is irrelevant since immigration is not a concern of the federal government
e. Has generally discouraged immigration but encouraged immigration during the depression of the
1930s
Answer Location: Immigration; pp. 292–293
Question Type: MC
12. Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico?

a. Repatriation
b. Operation Wetback
c. Termination
*d. The Bracero Program
e. The quota system
Answer Location: Table 7.2 Significant Dates in Mexican Immigration; p. 293
Question Type: MC
13. The 1980s legislation that allowed illegal immigrants to legalize their status as immigrants was the
________.
*a. Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
b. Quota Act
c. repatriation program
d. Bracero Program
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
e. Operation Wetback
Answer Location: Immigration; p. 294
Question Type: MC
14. Which of the following might explain why the U.S. policy on immigration from Mexico has fluctuated
so often?
*a. The Noel hypothesis with its emphasis on competition and power
b. The traditional model of assimilation with its emphasis on acculturation and integration
c. The culture of poverty theory with its emphasis on values and cultural traditions
d. The human capital theory with its emphasis on the importance of education
e. The Marxist theory on class conflict
Policy; p. 292
Question Type: MC
15. In 1960, braceros supplied ________ of the nation’s seasonal farm labor.
a. 10%
*b. 26%
c. 80%
d. 90%
e. 5%
Policy; p. 294
Question Type: MC
16. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of ________.

a. World War I
b. the American Civil War
*c. the Spanish-American War
d. a border dispute between Mexico and Cuba
e. World War II
Answer Location: Puerto Ricans; p. 304
Question Type: MC
17. Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States in ________.

a. 1900
b. 2000
c. 1898
d. 1940
*e. 1917
Answer Location: Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment; p. 304
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Question Type: MC
18. In the late 1940s, ________ was a major center of settlement for Puerto Ricans.
a. San Francisco
b. Washington, D.C.
c. Los Angeles
*d. New York
e. Anchorage
Question Type: MC
19. Puerto Ricans tend to see race . . .

a. As not very important due to Puerto Rico’s long history of racial intermarriage
b. As a continuum of possibilities and combinations
c. As less important than one’s social class
d. As an indicator of social class
*e. All of the above
Answer Location: Transitions; p. 306
Question Type: MC
20. Which of the following statements about Hispanics is true?

a. Rates of intermarriage are lower for Latinos than for African Americans.
b. In comparison to the households of all other minority groups, fewer Hispanic households are headed
by females.
c. The percentage of Hispanics that voted in the 2008 presidential election represents a small decrease
from the percentage that voted in the 2004 election.
*d. Colombian Americans have the highest level of educational attainment among all Hispanic
subgroups.
e. None of the above
Answer Location: Education; p. 323
Question Type: MC
21. Cuban Americans were a very small group until a revolution in Cuba in the late ________.
a. 1930s
*b. 1950s
c. 1960s
d. 1970s
e. 1980s
Answer Location: Immigration (Push and Pull); p. 308
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
22. Based on the information presented in the text, which of the following individuals would probably
have the highest income?
*a. A Cuban American male that is self-employed within the enclave
b. A Cuban American male who works for a firm owned by another Cuban American
c. A Mexican American male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white
d. A Puerto Rican male who works for a firm owned by a non-Hispanic white
e. A Cuban American female who does domestic work
Answer Location: The Ethnic Enclave; p. 311
Question Type: MC
23. Contrary to what is traditionally considered successful assimilation, success for Cuban Americans is
associated with ________.
a. higher levels of acculturation and integration
*b. lower levels of acculturation and integration
c. residence outside of south Florida
d. willingness to become fluent in English
e. two-wage-earner families
Question Type: MC
24. Among Hispanics Americans, English fluency . . .

*a. Increases by generation and is greatest for people who have been in the U.S. the longest
b. Is very low and decreases with length of residence
c. Is very high; most Latino immigrants arrive with a good knowledge of English
d. Is extremely low for those who speak Spanish at home
e. Does not correlate with economic success for all Latinos
Question Type: MC
25. Which Hispanic group has the highest level of income and the lowest level of poverty and
unemployment?
a. Mexican Americans
b. Puerto Ricans
*c. Cuban Americans
d. Caribbean Hispanics
e. They are all equal in income, poverty, and unemployment.
Question Type: MC
26. Which of the following people are most closely associated with the Chicano movement?
*a. Reies Lopez Tijerina, Jose Angel Gutierrez, and César Chávez
b. Lopez Tijuana, Romeo Gonzalez, and Jose Angel Gutierrez
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
c. César Chávez, Romeo Gonzalez, Jose Angel Gutierrez

d. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Romeo Gonzalez
e. Jose Angel Gutierrez, Cesar Romeo, Reies Lopez Tijerina
Answer Location: Gender and the Chicano Protest Movement; pp. 301–302
Question Type: MC
27. Which of the following is the most prominent difference between Mexican Americans and Anglo-
Americans?
a. Mexican Americans don’t emphasize family relations as much as Anglo-Americans do, in part because
of the nature of seasonal labor, which often requires staying away from homes for a long period of time.
b. Mexican Americans tend to be more active in religious life (e.g., church attendance).
c. No matter how similar their social class, educational background, or length of residence in the U.S. is
to other Americans, Mexican Americans still tend to have different systems of value.
*d. The dominant society (i.e., Anglo-American society) is largely Protestant, while most Mexican
Americans are Catholic.
e. Mexican Americans tend to support “machismo,” while Anglo-Americans do not.
Answer Location: Cultural Patterns; p. 290
Question Type: MC
28. Which of the following most closely resembles the goals of Operation Wetback?
a. A 1942 program to bring in contract laborers from Mexico
*b. A 1950s government program to deport illegal immigrants from Mexico
c. A 1965 program to give priority to Mexican immigrants who had family and kin with U.S. citizenship
d. A 1986 program to allow illegal immigrants who had been in the country since 1982 to legalize their
status
e. A 1994 proposition in California that barred illegal immigrants from receiving any taxpayer-funded
benefits such as publicly funded health care or education
Policy; p. 294
Question Type: MC
29. The Hispanic Americans’ primary structural assimilation with the dominant group has been
________ the assimilation of African Americans and ________ the assimilation of American Indians.
a. greater than; less than
*b. greater than; greater than
c. less than; greater than
d. less than; less than
e. about the same as; about the same as
Policy; p. 329
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
30. Which of the following statements regarding Latino acculturation to the United States is false?
*a. Latino groups are highly variable with regard to the extent at which they acculturate but are often
“slower” to change than other immigrants (e.g., learning English, adopting Anglo customs).
b. Hispanics follow many of the same patterns of assimilation as European groups.
c. Rates of acculturation increase with length of residence and are higher for native-born Latinos.
d. As acculturation continues, Hispanic culture and the Spanish language are revitalized by immigration.
e. What is perceived to be slow acculturation for Latino groups is mostly the result of fast and
continuous immigration.
Answer Location: Acculturation; pp. 316–319
Question Type: MC
31. The ________ thesis argues that whites will gradually lose their dominant status as Latino and Asian
American groups grow in numbers.
a. nativist
b. whitening
c. coloring
*d. browning
e. symbolic
Answer Location: Hispanic Americans and the Evolution of the American Racial Order; p. 331
Question Type: MC
32. Arizona’s Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (Arizona SB 1070), in part,
allowed . . .
*a. Police to check anyone for proof of citizenship
b. Private citizens the right to sue police
c. Illegal immigrants to stay in Arizona
d. New accommodations to make immigrants feel safe in Arizona
e. New measures to improve immigrants’ civil rights in Arizona
Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; p. 315
Question Type: MC
33. Today, 16 out of every 100 Americans is Hispanic, but by ________, this ratio is projected to almost
double to 30 out of every 100.
a. 2020
b. 2030
c. 2040
*d. 2050
e. 2060
Answer Location: Hispanic Americans; p. 287
Question Type: MC
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
34. Latinos are concentrated in which geographic region?

a. The Northwest
*b. The Southwest
c. The Midwest
d. The Southeast
e. New England
Question Type: MC
35. By the dawn of the 20th century, the situation of Mexican Americans resembled that of ________ in
some ways.
a. Anglo Americans
b. Italian Americans
*c. American Indians
d. Dutch Americans
e. all immigrants
Question Type: MC
36. The Chicanismo movement questioned the value of ________.

*a. assimilation
b. apartheid
c. activism
d. pluralism
e. socialism
Question Type: MC
37. Both Martin Luther King and ________ modeled their nonviolent, direct protests after Gandhi.
a. Rafael Trujillo
b. Reies Lopez Tijerina
c. Pedro Albizu Campos
d. Luis Muñoz Marín
*e. César Chávez
Question Type: MC
38. Unlike ________, Chicanos were not cut off from their homeland and native culture.
a. American Indians
*b. African Americans
c. Anglo Saxons
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
d. Cuban Americans
e. Puerto Ricans
Answer Location: Mexican Americans and Other Minority Groups; p. 303
Question Type: MC
39. The ________ thesis stresses that Latinos and Asian Americans are not black and hypothesizes that
they eventually will be accepted as white.
a. harmony
b. equal opportunity
c. racial inclusivity
*d. whitening
e. one-drop
Answer Location: Whitening; p. 331
Question Type: MC
40. According to the text, a research project conducted by Murguia and Foreman in 2003 focused on
Mexican Americans and found that they tend to prefer spouses, neighbors, coworkers, and friends who
are either ________.
a. black or Puerto Rican, not white
b. Asian or black, not white
c. Cuban or black, not white
d. Asian or white, not black
*e. Puerto Rican or white, not black
Answer Location: Whitening; p. 331
Question Type: MC
41. Today, roughly ________ of the Mexican population lives in the United States.
a. 1%
b. 25%
c. 40%
d. 50%
*e. 10%
Answer Location: Push and Pull; p. 292
Question Type: MC
True/False
42. According to the text, Puerto Ricans and Cubans are clustered along the West Coast, particularly in
Los Angeles and San Diego.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Answer Location: Secondary Structural Assimilation; p. 309

Question Type: TF
43. A 2002 survey found that most Latinos who predominantly spoke English were members of the
second generation of Latino immigrants.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 317
Question Type: TF
44. Hispanic Americans are the second largest minority group in the United States and will probably be
the largest group early in the next century.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
45. Today, most social analysts see Mexican Americans in terms of the social theory of the culture of
poverty and claim their low social status is a result of an unhealthy value system.
a. True
*b. False
Answer Location: Cultural Patterns; p. 290
Question Type: TF
46. If we look at patterns of immigration dating back to the 1900s, it can be argued that Mexicans have
served as a reserve labor pool for the benefit of U.S. businesses, agricultural interests, and other groups.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Conditions in Mexico, Fluctuating Demand for Labor, and Federal Immigration Policy;
p. 292
Question Type: TF
47. During the repatriation campaign, many legal immigrants and native-born Mexican Americans were
forced to move to Mexico.
*a. True
b. False
p. 293
Question Type: TF
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
48. The Bracero Program, which continued for several decades, did not significantly affect agricultural
labor.
a. True
*b. False
p. 294
Question Type: TF
49. During Operation Wetback, raids on homes and places of business often resulted in the violation of
civil and legal rights of U.S. citizens of Mexican descent.
*a. True
b. False
p. 294
Question Type: TF
50. Mexican immigrants, both undocumented and legal, exist at the same level of poverty they would
have experienced if they lived in Mexico.
a. True
*b. False
p. 295
Question Type: TF
51. Mexican Americans often played important leadership roles in the labor movement, particularly in
agriculture and mining.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
52. The term Chicano was originally used by the dominant culture in a derogatory manner.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
53. Puerto Rican migration was unlike Mexican migration because Puerto Ricans had already been
established as U.S. citizens in 1917.
*a. True
b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: TF
54. In Puerto Rico, distinctions of race are much more important than distinctions of class.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
55. The marielitos were all undesirables, convicted criminals, and outcasts.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
56. Ethnic enclaves can only develop when businesses, financial expertise, and capital are combined
with a disciplined labor force.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
57. The poverty rate of Cubans is much lower than the rate for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
58. According to the text, colonized minority groups such as Chicanos and Puerto Ricans have not been
encouraged to assimilate because they are valued primarily for their cheap labor and are considered less
valuable in other respects.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 317
Question Type: TF
59. Hispanics are much more likely to register and vote in national elections than non-Hispanics.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Answer Location: Political Power; p. 324

Question Type: TF
60. Among Hispanics, a split labor market exists where women are among the lowest paid and are
exploited the most in the labor market.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Gender and Inequality; p. 327
Question Type: TF
61. One type of evidence that illustrates the effectiveness of the ethnic enclave as a pathway for
adaptation is the difference in Mexican and Cuban incomes; Cubans tend to make much more money
than Mexicans.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 310
Question Type: TF
62. Mexican Americans remain a colonized minority group and have been systematically excluded from
opportunities for upward mobility by institutional discrimination and segregation.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
63. Two of the three largest groups of Hispanic Americans are Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
64. Cuban Americans are one of the most spatially concentrated minority groups in the United States.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Regional Concentrations; p. 309
Question Type: TF
65. Puerto Ricans who live in the United States are mainly centered in Boston.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: TF
66. According to the text, Dominican American households, in comparison to other Hispanic groups, are
more likely to be headed by females.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Gender and Inequality; p. 327
Question Type: TF
67. According to the text, there is a higher percentage of Cuban Americans than Mexican Americans in
the very lowest income category.
a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
68. About 50% of the U.S. population is foreign born.

a. True
*b. False
Question Type: TF
69. The largest Latino group in the United States is of Mexican ancestry.
*a. True
b. False
Answer Location: Immigration; pp. 286–287
Question Type: TF
70. Hispanic Americans are partly an ethnic minority group (i.e., identified by cultural characteristics
such as language) and partly a racial minority group (identified by their physical appearance).
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
71. All Hispanic American groups are recent immigrants to the United States.
a. True
*b. False
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank

Question Type: TF
72. The contact period for Cuban Americans, as for Puerto Ricans, dates back to the Spanish-American
War of 1898.
*a. True
b. False
Question Type: TF
Essay
73. Explain the evolution of federal policy on Mexican immigration over the course of the twentieth
century. What were the major policies? When and why did they change?
*a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
74. Apply Blauner’s hypothesis to the situation of Mexican Americans over the 20th century. Does the
group consist primarily of immigrants, or can they be considered a colonized minority group? Both?
Neither? Explain by citing specific evidence.
*a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Application
Question Type: ESS
75. How did Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans become minority groups? Describe the contact
situation of each group. Explain how the contact situation shaped relations with the larger society.
Compare these patterns with Mexican Americans.
*a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
76. Analyze the status of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans in terms of
acculturation, secondary structural integration, and primary structural integration. What important
differences can you identify between these three Hispanic groups? How do you account for these
differences? Apply Blauner’s hypothesis and the concepts of split labor markets, the urban underclass,
institutionalized discrimination, and ethnic enclaves in your essay.
*a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Question Type: ESS
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
77. Compare and contrast the three largest Hispanic groups with Native Americans and African
Americans. What differences and similarities can you identify? What concepts, ideas, and hypotheses
help account for these patterns?
*a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Question Type: ESS
78. In what ways does gender influence the experiences of Latina women in work, education, family life,
and activism?
*a. Varies
Question Type: ESS
79. Explain what is meant when the text says, “The label Hispanic American includes a number of groups
that are diverse and distinct from one another.” What are some examples of this?
*a. Varies
Question Type: ESS

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Diversity and Society Race Ethnicity

and Gender 5th Edition Healey Test

Chapter 7: Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves

4. In 2011, the number of undocumented immigrants was estimated at ________.

5. About ________% of the U.S. population is foreign-born.

6. The racial background of Mexican Americans is mainly ________.

7. The term Hispanic American . . .

*a. African Americans

11. Federal policy toward immigration from Mexico . . .

12. Which of the following permitted immigration from Mexico?

16. Puerto Rico became a U.S. territory as a result of ________.

17. Puerto Ricans became citizens of the United States in ________.

19. Puerto Ricans tend to see race . . .

20. Which of the following statements about Hispanics is true?

24. Among Hispanics Americans, English fluency . . .

c. César Chávez, Romeo Gonzalez, Jose Angel Gutierrez

34. Latinos are concentrated in which geographic region?

36. The Chicanismo movement questioned the value of ________.

Answer Location: Secondary Structural Assimilation; p. 309

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Political Power; p. 324

Answer Location: Migration (Push and Pull) and Employment; p. 305

68. About 50% of the U.S. population is foreign born.

Answer Location: Immigration; p. 288

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