Fitness and Wellness 12th Edition

Hoeger Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/fitness-and-wellness-12th-edition-hoeger-test-bank/
Chapter 07 - Stress Management
True / False

1. Stress is “nonspecific” in that the body reacts differently based on the nature of the event that leads to the stress
response.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.1 - Define stress, eustress, and distress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

2. The alarm reaction is the immediate response to a stressor, whether positive or negative.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 7.4 Adaptation to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

3. People should try to avoid stress entirely.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 7.2 Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.1 - Define stress, eustress, and distress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

4. Many physicians believe that a patient’s attitude, especially a fighting spirit, is the underlying factor in spontaneous
remission from incurable illness.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

5. Over the years, experts have indicated that individuals classified as Type B have a significantly higher incidence for
disease, especially cardiovascular conditions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 7.5 Behavior Patterns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.3 - Define the two major types of behavior patterns or personality types.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

6. People who fail to manage their time properly may experience chronic stress, fatigue, despair, discouragement, and
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
Chapter 07 - Stress Management
illness.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 7.9 Time Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.5 - Develop time management skills.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

7. Technology itself is often the source of stress and not how people handle or react to it.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 7.10 Technostress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

8. The ways in which people perceive and cope with stress seem to be more important in the development of disease than
the amount and type of stress itself.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 7.8 Coping with Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

9. In order to make better use of your time, it is usually suggested that you multitask.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 7.9 Time Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.5 - Develop time management skills.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

10. In college students, mindfulness has been shown to improve intellectual and academic performance, including better
knowledge retention during lectures.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Multiple Choice

11. The ____ system patrols and guards the body against attackers.
a. immune
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
Chapter 07 - Stress Management

b. digestive
c. respiratory
d. muscular
e. endocrine
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

12. Mindfulness has been successfully used in helping people improve hypertension and insomnia, more effectively
handle pain, manage anxiety and depression associated with illness, and ____.
a. combat migraine headaches
b. exercise more
c. eat a healthier diet
d. manage diabetes
e. adhere to medical treatment
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

13. People who get less sleep have ____.

a. less inflammation in the body
b. lower blood pressure
c. higher blood levels of cortisol
d. a heightened immune system
e. enhanced mental function
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

14. Experts believe that the ____ of sleep is/are the most vital for well-being.
a. first half hour
b. middle two to three hours
c. first and last hour
d. last two hours
e. last half hour
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

15. Which recommendation will most likely enhance the quality of your sleep?
a. Develop a bedtime ritual.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
Chapter 07 - Stress Management

b. Eat a snack before going to bed.

c. Take a long nap during the afternoon.
d. Keep your bedroom warm and dimly lit.
e. Drink a caffeinated beverage to help you fall asleep.
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

16. During progressive muscle relaxation, muscles should be tightened to about ____ percent of the total possible tension.
a. 30
b. 40
c. 70
d. 80
e. 90
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

17. The GAS is composed of three stages: alarm reaction, resistance, and ____.
a. exhaustion/recovery
b. homeostasis
c. distress
d. optimal performance
e. compliance
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.4 Adaptation to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

18. What will most likely defeat the purpose of progressive muscle relaxation?
a. not tightening each muscle hard enough
b. doing the exercises too fast
c. not paying attention to your breathing
d. being able to only perform a partial sequence
e. only holding each contraction for about five seconds
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

19. A total score of 250 to 500 on the stress test would be considered a ____ amount of stress.
a. very low

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

Chapter 07 - Stress Management

b. low
c. moderate
d. high
e. very high
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.7 Sources of Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

20. When stress levels reach mental, emotional, and physiological limits stress becomes ____ and the person no longer
functions effectively.
a. neustress
b. positive
c. eustress
d. distress
e. specific
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 7.2 Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.1 - Define stress, eustress, and distress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

21. The objective of meditation is to ____.

a. help people relieve chronic pain and increase pain tolerance
b. gain control over one’s attention by clearing the mind and blocking out the stressor(s) responsible for the
higher tension
c. attain a higher level of spirituality and peace of mind
d. master the many different styles of meditation
e. promote tranquility and reflection through postures that combine meditation and dance
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

22. The ____ triggers the release of catecholamines from the adrenal glands.
a. hypothalamus
b. pineal gland
c. pituitary gland
d. thalamus
e. medulla oblongata
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

23. The best strategy to alleviate stress depends mostly on the ____.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5
Chapter 07 - Stress Management

a. source of stress
b. type of stress
c. amount of time available
d. amount of stress
e. individual
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

24. Which style of yoga incorporates a series of static stretching postures performed in specific sequences?
a. restorative yoga
b. Iyengar yoga
c. hatha yoga
d. Bikram
e. ashtanga yoga
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

25. Marcia is described as a good stress manager because she ____.

a. spends a considerable amount of time worrying about failure
b. doesn’t need to use any stress management techniques
c. discounts symptoms of excessive stress
d. has an external locus of control
e. accepts her limitations
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.7 - Define the role of physical exercise in reducing stress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

26. Type A individuals who are chronically angry and hostile are most likely at a higher risk for ____.
a. cardiovascular conditions
b. obesity
c. failure
d. type 2 diabetes
e. autoimmune diseases
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.5 Behavior Patterns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.4 - Learn whether you have a hostile personality.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

27. Type B behavior is characteristic of ____ individuals.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

Chapter 07 - Stress Management

a. hard-driving and aggressive

b. casual and relaxed
c. overambitious and hostile
d. controlling and demanding
e. moody and pessimistic
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.5 Behavior Patterns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.3 - Define the two major types of behavior patterns or personality types.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

28. Type A individuals often ____.

a. do not feel hurried
b. focus on one task at a time
c. are easygoing
d. set their own goals
e. need to be prodded to act
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 7.5 Behavior Patterns
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.3 - Define the two major types of behavior patterns or personality types.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

29. In addition to social support which factor is essential to cope effectively with stressful life events?
a. self-worth
b. nurturance
c. toughness
d. a and b
e. b and c
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 7.6 Vulnerability to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.3 - Define the two major types of behavior patterns or personality types.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

30. What do watching TV, daydreaming, worrying, and procrastinating have in common?
a. They are stressful events.
b. They are mindful meditation techniques.
c. They are top-priority tasks.
d. They are relaxation techniques.
e. They are common time killers.
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 7.9 Time Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.5 - Develop time management skills.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

31. Based on various national surveys, almost 80 percent of Americans report that ____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7

Chapter 07 - Stress Management

a. they have sufficient time for family

b. they spend too much time on hobbies
c. they have plenty of time to exercise each day
d. they have ample time to spend with friends
e. time moves too fast for them
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: 7.9 Time Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.5 - Develop time management skills.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

32. Which term refers to tech-related stress?

a. autostress
b. digital stress
c. technostress
d. cognostress
e. mindless stress
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.10 Technostress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

33. Tom is grinding his teeth, has nightmares, and is easily irritated. Tom is most likely experiencing symptoms
associated with ____.
a. fatigue
b. stress
c. homeostasis
d. low self-esteem
e. exhaustion
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.8 Coping with Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

34. Which stress-management technique is a school of thought in the Hindu religion that seeks to help the individual
attain a higher level of spirituality and peace of mind?
a. yoga
b. tai chi
c. complete natural breathing
d. mental imagery
e. meditation
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

Chapter 07 - Stress Management
35. Hormonal changes associated with fight or flight include a(n) ____.
a. lower breathing rate and oxygen consumption
b. increase in heart rate
c. decrease in blood pressure
d. decrease in glucose levels
e. decrease in blood flow to active muscles
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

36. The value of exercise in reducing stress is related to several factors, the main one being ____.
a. increased self-esteem
b. decreased blood pressure
c. less muscular tension
d. better quality sleep
e. decreased resting heart rate
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.7 - Define the role of physical exercise in reducing stress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

37. Which part of the brain activates the sympathetic nervous system?
a. hypothalamus
b. cerebral cortex
c. corpus callosum
d. cerebellum
e. medulla oblongata
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

38. Which stress management technique involves the creation of relaxing visual images and scenes in times of stress to
elicit body and mind relaxation?
a. progressive muscle relaxation
b. visual imagery
c. yoga
d. tai chi
e. mindfulness
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

Chapter 07 - Stress Management
39. Which stress management technique involves contracting and then relaxing muscle groups in the body in succession?
a. deep breathing
b. meditation
c. progressive muscle relaxation
d. visual imagery
e. tai chi
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.8 - Learn to use various stress management techniques.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

40. During ____, morphine-like substances referred to as endorphins are thought to be released.
a. low-intensity aerobic exercise lasting at least 60 minutes
b. moderate anaerobic exercise lasting 5 minutes or longer
c. moderate aerobic exercise lasting 20 minutes
d. vigorous aerobic exercise lasting 30 minutes or longer
e. vigorous aerobic exercise lasting 60 minutes or longer
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.7 - Define the role of physical exercise in reducing stress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Matching

Select the key term that is most associated with the description below. Each term is used only once.
a. antibodies
b. distress
c. eustress
d. fight or flight
e. general adaptation syndrome
f. homeostasis
g. lymphocytes
h. stress
i. type A
j. type B
REFERENCES: 7.4 Adaptation to Stress
7.2 Stress
7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
7.5 Behavior Patterns
Introduction
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.1 - Define stress, eustress, and distress.
FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
FITW.HOEG.17.7.3 - Define the two major types of behavior patterns or personality types.
OTHER: Bloom's: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

Chapter 07 - Stress Management
41. a natural state of equilibrium
ANSWER: f

42. positive stress

ANSWER: c

43. substances produced by the white blood cells in response to an invading agent
ANSWER: a

44. negative or harmful stress under which health and performance begin to deteriorate
ANSWER: b

45. immune system cells responsible for waging war against disease or infection
ANSWER: g

46. behavior pattern characteristic of a hard-driving overambitious aggressive, at times hostile, and overly competitive
person
ANSWER: i

47. a series of physical responses activated automatically in response to environmental stressors

ANSWER: d

48. a theoretical model that explains the body’s adaptation to sustained stress
ANSWER: e

49. behavior pattern characteristic of a calm, casual, relaxed, and easygoing individual
ANSWER: j

50. the mental, emotional, and physiological response of the body to any situation that is new, threatening, frightening, or
exciting
ANSWER: h

Subjective Short Answer

51. Discuss at least three examples of how you might enhance the quality of your sleep.
ANSWER: Examples include:
1. Exercise and be physically active, but avoid vigorous exercise four hours prior to bedtime.
2. Avoid eating a heavy meal or snacking two to three hours before going to bed (digestion
increases your metabolism).
3. Limit the amount of time that you spend (primarily in the evening) surfing and socializing
on the Internet, texting, and watching television.
REFERENCES: 7.1 The Mind/Body Connection
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

52. List five recommended techniques you can employ to make better use of your time
ANSWER: 1. Find the time killers.
2. Set long-range and short-range goals.
3. Identify your immediate goals and prioritize them for today and this week.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

Chapter 07 - Stress Management

4. Use a daily planner to help you organize and simplify your day.
5. Take a few minutes each night to figure out how well you accomplished your goals that
day.
REFERENCES: 7.9 Time Management
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.5 - Develop time management skills.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Essay

53. Explain how the body responds to stress.

ANSWER: The body responds to stress with a rapid-fire sequence of physical changes known as fight or
flight. This stimulation originates in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain.
The hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system, and the pituitary activates the
release of catecholamines (hormones) from the adrenal glands. These hormonal changes
increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to active muscles and the brain, glucose levels,
oxygen consumption, and strength—all necessary for the body to fight or flee. In cases of
both fight and flight, the body relaxes and stress dissipates. If the person is unable to take
action, however, the muscles tense and tighten instead.
REFERENCES: 7.3 The Body’s Reaction to Stress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.2 - Explain how stress affects health and optimal performance.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

54. Describe how physical activity helps reduce stress.

ANSWER: By engaging in physical activity, you are able to reduce muscular tension and eliminate the
physiological changes that triggered the fight-or-flight mechanism. Further, during vigorous
aerobic exercise lasting 30 minutes or longer, morphine-like substances referred to as
endorphins are thought to be released from the pituitary gland in the brain. These substances
not only act as painkillers but also seem to induce the soothing, calming effect often
associated with aerobic exercise. Research has also shown that moderate-intensity exercise
has an immediate effect on a person’s mood and the effects last up to 12 hours following
activity. Thus exercise mitigates the daily stress that leads to mood alterations. Exercise is
free and easily accessible to everyone. Pick an activity that you enjoy and use it to combat
stress, blue moods, anxiety, and depression.
REFERENCES: 7.11 Relaxation Techniques
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.7 - Define the role of physical exercise in reducing stress.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

55. List and describe five tips you can use to manage technostress.
ANSWER: ● Turn it off. Turn off your cell phone while at the movies, while enjoying dinner, or when
wanting to spend uninterrupted quality time with family members and friends.
● Slow down your reaction time. Though technology often seems to run at hyper-speed, it
doesn’t mean you need to try and keep up at an impractical pace. Utilize email filters, and
schedule set times during the day to check texts, emails, and phone messages.
● Remove digital distractions. Don’t let your gadgets distract you from your school and work
productivity, particularly in situations that require sustained attention and concentration, like
studying for an exam, finishing a project, or writing creatively.
● Avoid the urge to multi-task. Research has found that multi-tasking actually lowers overall
productivity, and students and employees who constantly switch between tasks are less likely
to retain important information and more likely to make mistakes. Instead, practice focusing
your energy on one task at a time through completion.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12
Chapter 07 - Stress Management

● Take time to fully unplug. Don’t let technology dominate your life. Schedule regular
gadget-free time away from your computer, cell phone, or other handheld devices to allow
both your eyes and mind to rest.
REFERENCES: 7.10 Technostress
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: FITW.HOEG.17.7.6 - Identify the major sources of stress in your life.
OTHER: Bloom’s: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13