Direct Social Work Practice Theories

and Skills for Becoming an Evidence

Based Practitioner 1st Edition Ruffolo
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Chapter 7: Change Planning

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Change planning does NOT involve:

a. *social worker intuition
b. goal facilitation
c. knowledge of human behavior theories
d. ethical decision making
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: p. 129
Question Type: MC

2. Which of the following is NOT accurate for describing a client’s level of functioning?
a. It depends on the unique client context.
b. *It is the same as present and potential behavior.
c. It can be assessed using standardized instruments or scales.
d. It includes a target level of functioning.
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: p. 129
Question Type: MC

3. Program-driven plans do NOT include the following:

a. They are sometimes developed over time based on resources and the type of agency setting.
b. They take a one-size-fits-all approach to client services.
c. *They are flexible and comprehensive.
d. They can ensure fidelity of services by following EBP or EI practice protocols.
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 130
Question Type: MC

4. Due to the complex nature of addictions and treatment, change plans for a client need to consider the
following except:
a. motivation for change
b. previous mental health assessments
c. quality of interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships
d. *employment of a program-driven plan
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 130
Question Type: MC

5. The tailored plan for change does NOT include:

a. *limiting services
b. collaborative decision making between the social worker and client
c. comprehensive assessments
d. purposeful integration of all assessments

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Cognitive domain: Comprehension

Answer location: p. 131
Question Type: MC

6. One purpose of developing and maintaining a collaborative relationship with a client is:
a. to promote disengagement
b. *to improve the client’s success level in meeting his/her planned goals
c. for the client to become dependent on the social worker
d. for the social worker’s sense of self-efficacy
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: pp. 131-132
Question Type: MC

7. Special circumstances can impact assessment processes in developing change plans, except for:
a. suicide risk
b. crisis situations
c. *relocation due to overseas military deployment [which can continue with follow-up and follow-
through]
d. legal issues
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 132
Question Type: MC

8. Unique client values and needs can contribute to or detract from a collaborative change plan process.
The following statement is NOT true.
a. The social worker should allow for flexibility due to the dynamic nature of the client’s bio-
psycho-social-spiritual dimensions.
b. Change planning overlaps with assessment due to the iterative nature of assessment.
c. Assessment can measure change over time and allows for modifying goals.
d. *The social worker’s values, knowledge, and skills are always correct.
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: pp. 132–133
Question Type: MC

9. Demonstrating cultural competency in a change plan may take the form of all the following except:
a. *The social worker discounts the role of the traditional healer for the client.
b. The client’s cultural value system is included in the plan.
c. The change plan integrates cultural dynamics in the diagnostic assessment.
d. The client’s belief system of the Spirit World is respectfully included.
Cognitive domain: Analysis
Answer location: p. 134
Question Type: MC

10. Change goals may be incremental. Achieving the ______ goal serves as a benchmark of success for
a client.
a. temporary

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b. *distal ultimate
c. intermediate
d. proximal transitional
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 134-135
Question Type: MC

11. The following statements are true about distal or proximal goals except:
a. Both should be achievable within the amount of time an agency can provide services.
b. Both have different causal chains depending on the client’s unique goals.
c. *Both have causal chains that require extensive structure or supervision.
d. Both should be practical, measurable and specific.
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 135
Question Type: MC

12. A client has successfully met her proximal change goal of maintaining sobriety. During this three-
month period of a residential recovery program, she has been attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
and is addressing her mental health issues with psychotherapy and medications. Her _________is an
outcome, and the ____________ of treatment is being monitored.
a. recovery; AA activity
b. relationships; AA activity
c. sobriety; psychotherapy
d. *sobriety; process
Cognitive domain: Analysis
Answer location: p. 136
Question Type: MC

13. Goal selection in the change planning should consider the following elements except:
a. *nongeneralizable
b. level(s) of social difficulty
c. client self-determination
d. the fact that the client is not in any danger
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: pp. 138–139
Question Type: MC

14. The least likely factor considered in goal planning barriers to the collaborative relationship can arise
due to:
a. client self-determination
b. client cognitive impairment
c. unavailable resources
d. *the lack of social worker safety policies
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 138
Question Type: MC

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Ruffolo, Direct Social Work Practice Instructor Resource

15. The following statement is NOT true regarding change plan goals specificity and measurements:
a. Pharmacists seek to deliver quantifiable and accurate pharmacological services.
b. Clinical social workers seek to demonstrate positive changes that have occurred in decreasing
client anxiety levels.
c. *The agency’s short-term assessments did not cover all client’s bio-psycho-social-spiritual
dimensions.
d. Primary care physicians may be restricted in prescribing medically goal-driven services due to
client insurance coverage.
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 140
Question Type: MC

16. A relevant goal within a change plan for a married immigrant Asian-American female with an
Alcohol-Related Disorder and third time in a residential treatment program could include the
following except:
a. addressing face-saving behaviors
b. renewing familial relationships
c. introducing assertiveness training
d. *relinquishing self-determination to the oldest male member of the family
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 141
Question Type: MC

17. Intervention planning in the change plan may NOT be a linear process for the following reason:
a. *Although goals have been identified, the goals may change along with identified interventions.
b. The client may experience a behavioral relapse.
c. Goals may be unclear and without a specific time frame.
d. Client participation is misaligned with social worker preferences.
Cognitive domain: Analysis
Answer location: p. 142
Question Type: MC

18. Highest level of goal generalizability in the change plan means:

a. the goal fosters dependence on other goals
b. *the client has participated in creating a meaningful goal that is appropriate to other related goals
c. the identified goal does not lead to other developmental skills
d. the goal promotes lower levels of functioning
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 139
Question Type: MC

19. Evidence-based interventions:

a. are systematically tested for effectiveness
b. should be applicable to the client’s needs and values
c. *do not apply to all populations in all practice settings

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d. have demonstrated reliability and validity

Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 144
Question Type: MC

20. Written change plans:

a. demonstrate accountability on behalf of the client and the social worker
b. effectively communicate goals, processes, and outcomes
c. offer a narrative with rationale for implementing particular interventions
d. *should not be summarized with acronyms, incomplete sentences , or technical jargon
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 144
Question Type: MC

TRUE/FALSE
1. In some practice settings, treatment planning is change planning .
*True
False
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: p. 127
Question Type: TF

2. Change planning principles can be applied across all practice settings given its systematic
documentation process.
*True
False
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: p. 129
Question Type: TF

3. Collaborative relationships highlight a social worker’s ability to prepare a change plan according to
his/her assessment of the client’s needs and values.
True
*False
Cognitive domain: Knowledge
Answer location: p. 132
Question Type: TF

4. SMART criteria can assist the social worker or other helping professionals in specifying client goals
in the change plan.
*True
False
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 140
Question Type: TF

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5. The client has the sole responsibility of understanding administrative change plans for a given agency
or organization.
True
*False
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 133
Question Type: TF

6. Program-driven change plan goals may be limited due to service restrictions compared to a tailor-
driven approach that deliberately creates goals that address the unique client needs.
*True
False
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 137
Question Type: TF

7. Goals can be created as measurable outcomes for weight reduction, cholesterol levels, educational
grades, and social interactions with scales.
*True
False
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: p. 141
Question Type: TF

8. Active client engagement in specific interventions of the change plan requires written homework
activities to demonstrate change.
True
*False
Cognitive domain: Comprehension
Answer location: p. 145
Question Type: TF

SHORT ANSWER
1. Why is it important in the collaborative relationship that the client participate in the change planning?
*A collaborative relationship is established on a foundation of mutual respect and the willingness of all
participants to learn from the process. Research has proven that if a client has trust or a bond in the
professional relationship and is an engaged participant, he/she will more likely experience successful
outcomes. In addition, the client who participates in planning the goals and objectives is more
committed to achieving those goals, since she/he co-created them.

Cognitive domain: Application

Answer location: pp. 131
Question Type: SA

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2. Explain how creating a graphic causal chain with the client can improve his/her behavioral health
outcomes.
*The White American client is the “expert” on his own life and has had multiple negative and positive
experiences in living his life with ADHD. After a second automobile car accident, his attorney
recommended he seek professional help for his high-risk behaviors. With the social worker, the client
must address his adolescent diagnosis of ADHD, noncompliance with medication prescriptions, mood
swings, and legal difficulties. All of these related situations have led him to financial, legal, and
behavioral consequences. The client is now confronted with making decisions to improve the quality of
his life.
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: pp. 135-136
Question Type: SA

3. Describe the value of presenting a skill-focused intervention to a client who has elevated stress levels
due to a recent PTSD diagnosis following a traumatic life event.
*A skill-focused intervention could benefit a client who was a violent-crime victim because the skills
taught/learned could be applied to other social or relationship experiences in the future. Being mindful
that safety is the priority for a client relationship, the client may need to be taught additional safety skills
to ensure that he/she not be a victim of violence again. This intervention would include personal
awareness and physical safety as well as a support group for Victims of Violence goals that ultimately
would lead to the ability to trust other people with her/his emotions and physical well-being.
Cognitive domain: Application
Answer location: pp. 142
Question Type: SA
A