Science Summer Vacation Task

Research work
By: Zainab Mujtaba

Questions;
(a) With the aid of the diagrams, briefly describe
the atomic models proposed by the three
scientists.

(b) What are the similarities and differences

between the scientist’s models?

Atomic Model proposed Neils Bohr;

In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons travel in defined
circular orbits around the nucleus. The orbits are labeled
by an integer, the quantum number n. Electrons can jump
from one orbit to another by emitting or absorbing energy.
Atomic Model proposed by Ernest Rutherford:
According to the Rutherford atomic model: The positive charge
and most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in an extremely
small volume. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus.
Rutherford's model proposed that the negatively charged
electrons surround the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Model proposed by J.J Thomson:

J.J. Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes showed that
all atoms contain tiny negatively charged subatomic particles or
electrons. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the
atom, which had negatively-charged electrons embedded within a
positively-charged "soup."

Differences between atomic models:

The main difference between Rutherford model and Bohr
model is that Rutherford’s model does not explain the
energy levels in an atom whereas Bohr model explains
the energy levels in an atom.

Similarities between atomic models:

The basics were the same, i.e., electrons revolve around
the nucleus in paths called orbits with the nucleus at the
centre.