Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions

Solution Manual for Elementary Statistics A Brief 6th

Edition by Bluman ISBN 0073386111 9780073386119
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Note: Answers may vary due to rounding, 11.
TI-83's or computer programs. No, probability values cannot be greater than
1.
EXERCISE SET 5-1
12.
1. Continuous
A random variable is a variable whose
values are determined by chance. Examples 13.
will vary. Discrete

2. 14.
If the values a random variable can assume Discrete
are countable, then the variable is called
discrete; otherwise, it is called a continuous 15.
variable. Continuous

3. 16.
The number of commercials a radio station Continuous
plays during each hour.
The number of times a student uses his or 17.
her calculator during a mathematics exam. Discrete
The number of leaves on a specific type of
tree. 18.
Continuous
4.
The weights of strawberries grown in a 19.
specific plot. X 0 1 2 3
The heights of all seniors at a specific P(X) '
"&
&
"&
$
"&
"
"&
college.
The times it takes students to complete a 1/2
mathematics exam. 2/5
3/10
P(X)

1/5
5. 1/10
A probability distribution is a distribution 0
which consists of the values a random 0 1 2 3

variable can assume along with the Tests

corresponding probabilities of these values.

6. 20.
No; !T Ð\Ñ Á " X $5000 $7000 $9000
" $ "
P(X) # ) )
7.
No; probabilities cannot be negative and the 3/5
1/2
sum of the probabilities is not 1. 2/5
1/3
1/5
8.
82
 P(X)
Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
0
No; probability values cannot be negative. 0
$5,000 $7,000 $9,000
9. Amount
Yes

10. 21.
Yes X 2 3 5 7
P(X) 0.35 0.41 0.15 0.09

83
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
21. continued 25. continued

0.5 0.8
0.4 0.6

P(x)
0.3 0.4
P(x)

0.2 0.2
0.1 0
0 2 3 4 5
2 3 5 7 Num ber of
Num ber of cak es classes

26.X 0 1 2 3
22. P(X) 0.22 0.33 0.37 0.08

X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 0.15 0.25 0.3 0.25 0.05
0.4

0.4 0.3

P(x)
0.2
0.3
0.1
P(x)

0.2
0.1
0 1 2 3
0
Spaces for cars
0 1 2 3 4
DVD Rentals

27.
X $1 $5 $10 $20
23. P(X) $ # & "
"" "" "" ""
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
" " " " " "
P(X) # ' "# "# "# "# 3/5
P(x)

2/5
3/5
1/5
P(X)

2/5
0
1/5 1 5 10 20
Mone tary bills
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Outcome
28.
X 0 1 2 3 4
" " $ " "
P(X) "' % ) % "'
24.
X 1 2 3 4 5 2/5
3/10
P(X) 0.32 0.12 0.23 0.18 0.15
P(x)

0.4 1/5
0.3 1/10
P(X)

0.2 0
0.1 0 1 2 3 4

0 Number of girls
1 2 3 4 5
Item s

29.
X 1 2 3 4
25. " " $ "
P(X) % % ) )
X 2 3 4 5
P(X) 0.01 0.34 0.62 0.03
30.

84
Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
" " " " & " & " " " "
P(X) $' ") "# * $' ' $' * "# ") $'

85
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
31. 1. continued
X 1 2 3
P(X) "
'
"
$
"
#
X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
0 0.90 0 0
Yes. 1 0.05 0.05 0.05
2 0.03 0.06 0.12
32.X 0.2 0.3 0.5 3 0.02 0.06 0.18
P(X) 0.2 0.3 0.5 . œ 0.17 0.35

Yes. 2.
. œ 19(0.2) 20(0.2) 21(0.3) 22(0.2)
33. 23(0.1) œ 20.8
X 3 4 7
P(X) $ % ( 5 # œ [19# (0.2) 20# (0.2) 21# (0.3)
' ' '
22# Ð0.2) 23# (0.1)] 20.8# œ 1.56 or 1.6
No, the sum of the probabilities is greater
5 œ È 1.56 œ 1.25 or 1.3
than one and P(7) œ (' is greater than 1.
The manager would need to purchase
34. 20.8(5) œ 104 suits.
X 0.1 0.02 0.04
P(X) 0.2 0.12 0.14 X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
19 0.2 3.8 72.2
No, the sum of the probabilities is less than 20 0.2 4.0 80.0
1. 21 0.3 6.3 132.3
22 0.2 4.4 96.8
35. 23 0.1 2.3 52.9
X 1 2 4 . œ 20.8 434.2
" # %
P(X) ( ( (

Yes. 3.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 0(0.18) 1(0.44)
36. 2(0.27) 3(0.08) 4(0.03) œ 1.34 or 1.3
X 0 1 2
" "
P(X) 0 $ # 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [0# Ð0.18)
1# (0.44) 2# (0.27) 3# (0.08) 4# (0.03)]
No, the sum of the probabilities is less than 1.34# œ 0.92 or 0.9
one.
5 œ È 0.92 œ 0.96 or 1
EXERCISE SET 5-2
No, on average each person has about one
1. credit card.

X 0 1 2 3 X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)

P(X) 0.90 0.05 0.03 0.02 0 0.18 0 0
1 0.44 0.44 0.44
. œ !X † P(X) œ 0(0.9) 1(0.05) 2 0.27 0.54 1.08
3 0.08 0.24 0.72
2(0.03) 3(0.02) œ 0.17 4 0.03 0.12 0.48
. œ 1.34 2.72
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [0# (0.9)
1# (0.05) 2# (0.03) 3# Ð0.02)] 0.17# œ
0.321
4.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 5(0.05) 6(0.2) 7(0.4)
5 œ È 0.321 œ 0.567 8(0.1) 9(0.15) 10(0.1) œ 7.4

86
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
4. continued 7.
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [5# (0.05) . œ !X † P(X) œ 5(0.2) 6(0.25)
6# (0.2) 7# (0.4) 8# (0.1) 9# (0.15) 7(0.38) 8(0.10) 9(0.07) œ 6.59 or 6.6
10# (0.1)] 7.4# œ 1.84 or 1.8
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [5# (0.2)
5 œ È 1.84 œ 1.36 or 1.4 6# Ð0.25) 7# (0.38) 8# (0.10)
9# (0.07) 6.59# œ 1.2619 or 1.3
X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
5 0.05 0.25 1.25 5 œ È 1.2619 œ `1.123 or 1.1
6 0.20 1.20 7.20
7 0.40 2.80 19.6 X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
8 0.10 0.80 6.40 5 0.20 1.00 5.00
9 0.15 1.35 12.15 6 0.25 1.50 9.00
10 0.10 1.00 10.00 7 0.38 2.66 18.62
. œ 7.4 56.6 8 0.10 0.80 6.40
9 0.07 0.63 5.67

5. . œ 6.59 44.69
. œ !X † P(X) œ 4(0.4) 5(0.3) 6(0.1)
8(0.15) 10(0.05) œ 5.4 8.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 1(0.32) 2(0.51)
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [4# (0.4) 5# (0.3) 3(0.12) 4(0.05) œ 1.9
6# (0.1) 8# (0.15) 10# (0.05)] 5.4#
œ 2.94 or 2.9 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [1# (0.32)
2# (0.51) 3# Ð!Þ"#Ñ %# (0.05)]
5 œ È 2.9 œ 1.7 1.9# œ 0.63 or 0.6

X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X) 5 œ È 0.63 œ 0.794 or 0.8

4 0.40 1.6 6.4 Send 2 diaries to each household.
5 0.30 1.5 7.5
6 0.10 0.6 3.6 X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
8 0.15 1.2 9.6 1 0.32 0.32 0.32
10 0.05 0.5 5.0 2 0.51 1.02 2.04
. œ 5.4 32.1 3 0.12 0.36 1.08

P(6 or more, 3 days in a row) œ 4 0.05 0.20 0.80

(0.10 0.15 0.05)$ œ 0.027 or 0.03 . œ 1.90 4.24

6. 9.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 0(0.4) 1(0.2) . œ !X † P(X) œ 6(0.15) 8(0.3)
2(0.2) 3(0.1) 4(0.1) œ 1.3 10(0.35) 12(0.1) 14(0.1) œ 9.4

5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [0# (0.4) 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [6# (0.15)

1# (0.2) 2# (0.2) 3# (0.1) 4# (0.1) 1.3# 8# (0.3) 10# (0.35) 12# (0.1) 14# (0.1)]
œ 1.81 or 1.8 9.4# œ 5.24 or 5.2

5 œ È 1.8 œ 1.3 5 œ È 5.2 œ 2.3

X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X) X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)

0 0.4 0 0 6 0.15 0.9 5.4
1 0.2 0.2 0.2 8 0.30 2.4 19.2
2 0.2 0.4 0.8 10 0.35 3.5 35.0
3 0.1 0.3 0.9 12 0.10 1.2 14.4

87
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
4 0.1 0.4 1.6 14 0.10 1.4 19.6
. œ 1.3 3.5 . œ 9.4 93.6

88
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
9. continued 15. continued
P(< 8 or > 12) œ 0.15 0.10 œ 0.25 or 0.3 Alternate Solution:
E(X) œ 997( "!!!
" "
Ñ 497( "!!! Ñ &
97("!!! Ñ
10. 3( "!!! Ñ œ
**$
$1.00
. œ !X † P(X) œ 35(0.1) 36(0.2)
37(0.3) 38(0.3) 39(0.1) œ 37.1 16.
E(X) œ 2( 1.00) œ $2.00
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [35# Ð0.1)
36# (0.2) 37# (0.3) 38# (0.3) 39# Ð0.1)] 17.
37.1# œ 1.29 or 1.3 E(X) œ !X † P(X) œ $500( "!!!
"
Ñ $1.00

œ $0.50
5 œ È 1.39 œ 1.136 or 1.1 (Alternate solution:
E(X) œ $499( "!!!"
Ñ ***
1( "!!! ќ $0.50)
X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
35 0.1 3.5 122.5 If 123 is boxed:
36 0.2 7.2 259.2 There are 6 possibilities when a number with
37 0.3 11.1 410.7 all different digits is boxed, (3 † 2 † 1 œ 6).
38 0.3 11.4 433.2 $80.00 † "!!!
'
$1.00 œ $0.48 $1.00
39 0.1 3.9 152.1 œ $0.52
. œ 37.1 1377.7 (Alternate Solution:
It could happen (perhaps on a Super Bowl E(X) œ 79( "!!!' **%
Ñ 1( "!!! Ñœ $0.52)
Sunday), but it is highly unlikely.

18.
11. E(X) œ $360(0.999057)
E(X) œ !X † P(X) œ $300(0.998Ñ $99,640(0.000943) œ $265.70
$19,700(0.002Ñ œ $260
19.
12. a. P(red) œ ($1) ") ($1) #! œ $0.0526
$) $)
. œ 1(0.2) 2(0.3) 3(0.4) 4(0.1) œ 2.4
Expected Profit œ 2.4($3000) œ $7200 b. P(even) œ ($1) ")
$) $) œ
($1) #! $0.0526

13.
c. P(00) œ ($35) "
($1) $( œ $0.0526
E(X) œ !X † P(X) œ $5.00( "' Ñ œ $0.83 $) $)

He should pay about $0.83.

d. P(any single number) œ
$( œ
($35) $)" ($1) $) $0.0526
14.
X Win P(X)
" e. P(0 or 00) œ
1 $0
' ($17) # ($1) $' œ $0.0526
" $) $)
2 $0 '
"
3 $1 ' 20.
" X 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4 $2 ' " # $ % & ' & % $ # "
" P(X) $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $' $'
5 $3 '
"
6 $4
' . œ !X † P(X) œ 2( $' " #
Ñ 3( $' $
Ñ 4( $' Ñ
% & ' & %
5( $' Ñ 6( $' Ñ 7($' Ñ 8($' Ñ 9($' Ñ
E(X) œ !X † P(X) œ [$1( "' ) $2( "' )
10( $'$ #
Ñ 11( $' "
Ñ 12( $' Ñœ7
$3( "' ) $4( "' )] $2 œ $0.33 or 33¢

No; the game favors the house. 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [2 #Ð $'" Ñ 3 #Ð $'# Ñ

4# Ð $'$ Ñ 5 #Ð $'% Ñ 6 #Ð $'& Ñ 7 #Ð $'' Ñ

15.

89
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
E(X) œ !X † P(X) œ $1000( "
Ñ 8# &
9# %
10# $
11# #

"!!! Ð $' Ñ Ð $' Ñ Ð $' Ñ Ð $' Ñ

" & " #
$500( Ñ $100( Ñ $3.00 12# ] 5.83 or 5.8
"!!! "!!!
œ $1.00 Ð $' Ñ ( œ

5 œ È 5.83 œ 2.4

90
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
21. 3.
The expected value for a single die is 3.5, a. P(X) œ (n n!)! X! † pX † qn
and since 3 die are rolled, the expected value P(X) œ 3! †6!3! † (0.03) $ Ð!Þ*(Ñ$ œ 0.0005
is 3(3.5) œ 10.5
b. P(X) œ 4!
2! † 2! † (0.18)# † (0.82)# œ 0.131
22.

5 # œ !(X .)# † P(X)

5 # œ !ÐX# 2.X .# )P(X) c. P(X) œ 5!
2! † 3! œ (0.63)$ † (0.37)# œ 0.342
5 # œ ![X# P(X) 2.XP(X) .# P(X)]
5 # œ !x# P(X) 2.!XP(X) .# !P(X) d. P(X) œ 9!
9! † 0! † (0.42)! † Ð0.58) * œ 0.007
5 # œ !X# † P(X) 2. † . .# (1)
5 # œ !X# † P(X) 2.# .# e. P(X) œ "!x
5! † 5! † (0.37) & † Ð0.63) & œ 0.173
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .#
4.
23. a. n œ 5, p œ 0.05, X œ 2
Answers will vary. P(X) œ 0.021 (TI œ 0.0214)

24. b. n œ 5, p œ 0.05, X > 2

Answers will vary. P(X) œ 0.001 (TI œ 0.001158)

25. c. n œ 6, p œ 0.05, X œ 5
Answers will vary. P(X) œ 0 (TI œ 0.0000003)

26. d. The answers are reasonable because the

E(X) œ [$100,000 † "ß!!!ß!!!
"
10,000 † &!ß!!!
# probability any component will fail is very
"!!! † "!ß!!!
&
100 † "!!!
"!
] $0.44 œ small (0.05). The probabilities of more tha n
one part failing get increasingly smaller.
$0.10 $0.40 $0.50 $1.00 $0.44 œ
$1.56 (with the cost of a stamp œ $0.44)
5.
n œ 20, p œ 0.5, X 15
EXERCISE SET 5-3
P(X) œ 0.015 0.005 0.001 œ 0.021
No, it's only about a 2% chance.
1.
a. Yes
6.
b. Yes
n œ 10, p œ 0.2, X 15
c. Yes
P(X) œ 0
d. No, there are more than two outcomes.
The event is unlikely to occur because the
e. No, there are more than two outcomes.
probability is extremely small ( ¸ 0).
f. Yes
g. Yes
7.
h. Yes
a. n œ 8, p œ 0.77, X œ 8
i. No, there are more than two outcomes.
j. Yes
P(X) œ 8!
0! 8! (0.77)) (0.23)! œ 0.124
2.
a. 0.420 b. n œ 8, P œ 0.77, X œ 5, 6, 7, or 8
b. 0.346
c. 0.590 P(X) œ 8!
3!5! (0.77) & (0.23)$
d. 0.251
8! ' # 8! ( "

e. 0.000 2!6! (0.77) (0.23) 1!7! (0.77) (0.23)

f. 0.250
8!
g. 0.418
0!8!
(0.77)) (0.23)! œ 0.184 0.309 0.295
h. 0.176
i. 0.246 0.124 œ 0.912

91
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
7. continued 10. continued
c. n œ 8, p œ 0.77, X œ 3 c. n œ 5, p œ 0.521, X œ 0 or 1

5!0!
P(X) œ 8!
5!3! (0.77) $ (0.23)& œ 0.016 P(X) œ 5!
(0.521)! (0.479) &

(0.521) (0.479) 5! " %

8. 4!1!
a. n œ 10, p œ 0.103, X œ 0, 1, or 2
œ 0.025 0.137 œ 0.162
P(X) œ 10!
10!0! (0.103)! Ð0.897)"!
11.
10!
9!1!
(0.103)" (0.897) * 10!
8!2!
(0.103)#(0.897) ) n œ 5, p œ 0.40
a. X œ 2, P(X) œ 0.346
œ 0.337 0.387 0.2 œ 0.925
b. X œ 0, 1, 2, or 3 people
b. n œ 10, p œ 0.897, X 6 P(X) œ 0.078 0.259 0.346 0.230
œ 0.913
P(X) œ 10! '
4!6! (0.897) (0.103)
%
c. X œ 2, 3, 4, or 5 people
10! ( $ 10! ) # P(X) œ 0.346 0.230 0.077 0.01
3!7! (0.897)
(0.103) 2!8! (0.897)
(0.103)
œ 0.663
10! * "
1!9! (0.897) (0.103) d. X œ 0, 1, or 2 people
10! "! ! P(X) œ 0.683
0!10! (0.897) (0.103)
12.
P(X) œ 0.0123 0.0613 0.2001 a. n œ 12, p œ 0.26, X œ 6
0.3872 0.3372 œ 0.998 P(X) œ 0.047
c. n œ 10, p œ 0.897, X œ 10 b. n œ 12, p œ 0.26, X 6
P(X) œ 0.065
P(X) œ 10!
0!10! (0.897)"! (0.103)! œ 0.337
c. n œ 12, p œ 0.26, X 5
9. P(X) œ 0.821
n œ 7, p œ 0.75, X œ 0, 1, 2, 3
13.
P(X) œ 7!
7! 0! (0.75)0 (0.25)7 a. n œ 10, p œ 0.53, X œ 5

7! " ' 7! # & 10!

6! 1! (0.75) (0.25) 5! 2! (0.75) (0.25) P(X) œ 5
5!5! (0.53) (0.47)
5
œ 0.242

7! $
4! 3! (0.75) (0.25)
% œ 0.071 b. n œ 10, p œ 0.47, X 5

10. P(X) œ 10! 5

5!5! (0.47) (0.53)
5

a. n œ 5, p œ 0.521, X œ 0
10! 6 4 10! 7 3
4!6! (0.47) (0.53) 3!7! (0.47) (0.53)
P(X) œ 5!
5!0! (0.521)! (0.479) & œ 0.025
10! 8 2 10! 9 1
2!8! (0.47) (0.53) 1!9! (0.47) (0.53)
b. n œ 5, p œ 0.521, X œ 4 or 5
10! "0 0
0!10! (0.47) (0.53)
P(X) œ 5!
1!4! (0.521)% (0.479) "
P(X 5) œ 0.547
5! &
0!5! (0.521) (0.479)
! œ
92
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
0.177 0.038 œ 0.215

93
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
13. continued 16. continued
c. n œ 10, p œ 0.53, X 5 5 # œ 10(0.5Ñ(0.5) œ 2.5
5 œ È 2.5 œ 1.58
P(X) œ 10! 5
5!5! (0.53) (0.47)
5

17.
10! 4
6!4! (0.53) (0.47)
6 10! 3
7!3! (0.53) (0.47)
7 n œ 300, p œ 0.03
. œ 300(0.03) œ 9
10! 2 8 10! 1 9 5 # œ 300(0.03)(0.97) œ 8.73 or 8.7
8!2! (0.53) (0.47) 9!1! (0.53) (0.47)
5 œ È 8.7 œ 2.9
10! 0
10!0! (0.53 )(0.47)
10 œ 0.306
18.
n œ 200, p œ 0.83
14.

a. . œ 100(0.75) œ 75 . œ 200(0.83) œ 166

5 # œ 100(0.75)(0.25) œ 18.75 or 18.8 5 # œ 200(0.83)(0.17) œ 28.2
5 œ È 18.75 œ 4.33 or 4.3 5 œ È #)Þ# œ 5.3

b. . œ 300(0.3) œ 90 19.
5 # œ 300(0.3)(0.7) œ 63 n œ 1000, p œ 0.21
5 œ È '$ œ 7.94 or 7.9 . œ 1000(0.21) œ 210
5 # œ 1000(0.21)(0.79) œ 165.9
c. . œ 20(0.5) œ 10 5 œ È "'&Þ* œ 12.9
5 # œ 20(0.5)(0.5) œ 5
5 œ È 5 œ 2.236 or 2.2 20.
n œ 120, p œ 0.85

d. . œ 10(0.8) œ 8 . œ 120(0.85) œ 102

5 # œ 10(0.8)(0.2) œ 1.6 5 # œ 120(0.85)(0.15) œ 15.3
5 œ È "&Þ$ œ 3.9
5 œ È "Þ' œ 1.265 or 1.3
21.
e. . œ 1000(0.1) œ 100
5 # œ 1000(0.1)(0.9) œ 90 n œ 18, p œ 0.25, X œ 5
18!
P(X) œ &
13! 5! (0.25) (0.75)
"$
œ 0.199
5 œ È *! œ 9.49 or 9.5

f. . œ 500(0.25) œ 125 22.

5 # œ 500(0.25)(0.75) œ 93.75 or 93.8 n œ 14, p œ 0.63, X œ 9
P(X) œ 14! *
5! 9! (0.63) Ð0.37)
& œ 0.217
5 œ È *$Þ(& œ 9.68 or 9.7

g. . œ 50( #& Ñ œ 20 23.

"
# # $ n œ 10, p œ $ , X œ 0, 1, 2, 3
5 œ 50( ÑÐ Ñ œ 12
& & 10! " 0 # "! 10! " 1 # *
P(X) œ 10! 0! ( $ Ñ ( $ Ñ ( Ñ Ð$Ñ
5 œ È "# œ 3.464 or 3.5 9! 1! $
10! " # # )
( ÑÐ Ñ ( Ñ Ð Ñ œ 0.559
10! " $ # (

8! 2! $ $ 7! 3! $ $
h. . œ 36( "' Ñ œ 6
24.
5 # œ 36( "' ÑÐ &' Ñ œ 5
n œ 200, p œ 0.32
5 œ È & œ 2.236 or 2.2 . œ 200(0.32) œ 64
5 # œ (200)(0.32)(0.68) œ 43.52
15. 5 œ È %$Þ&# œ 6.60
n œ 800, p œ 0.01
. œ 800(0.01) œ 8 25.
5 # œ 800(0.01)(0.99) œ 7.9 n œ 20, p œ 0.58, X œ 12
5 œ È (Þ*# œ 2.8
8! 12!
94
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
P(X) œ 20!
(0.58)"# Ð!Þ%#Ñ) œ 0.177
16.
26.
n œ 10, p œ "
or 0.5
# n œ 5, p œ 0.13, X œ 3, 4, 5
. œ 10(0.5) œ 5

95
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
26. continued 4.
P(X) œ 2!5!3! (0.13)$ (0.87)# 0.5

5!
1! 4!
Ð!Þ "$Ñ% (0.87) " 5!
0! 5!
(0. 13)& Ð0.87) ! 0.4
œ 0.018 0.3

P(X)
0.2
27. 0.1
n œ 7, p œ 0.14, X œ 2 or 3 0
P(X) œ 5!7!2! (0.14) # (0.86)& 10 11 12 13 14

7! (0.14)$(0.86) %
4! 3! œ 0.246 Num ber of Calls

28.
Yes. P(3) œ 0.216. This implies that 5.
p œ 0.6 and then q œ 0.4. X 0 1 2 3 4 5
Using the binomial table, P(0) œ 0.064, P(X) 0.27 0.28 0.2 0.15 0.08 0.02
P(1) œ 0.288, and P(2) œ 0.432. 0.3

0.2
29.
X 0 1 2 3 0.1

P(x)
P(X) 0.125 0.375 0.375 0.125 0
0 1 2 3 4 5

30.
n œ 4, p œ 0.3, X œ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 Num ber of applications

X 0 1 2 3 4 a. P(2 or 3
P(X) 0.240 0.412 0.265 0.076 0.008
applications) œ 0.2 0.15 œ 0.35
0.5 b.
0.4 . œ 0(0.27) 1(0.28) 2(0.2) 3(0.15)
0.3 4(0.08) 5(0.02) œ 1.55
P(X)

0.2

0.1
5 # œ [0# (0.27) 1# (0.28) 2# (0.2)

0
3# (0.15) 4# (0.08) 5# (0.02)] 1.55#
0 1 2 3 4 œ 1.808
Num be r of De fe ctive Chips

5 œ È "Þ)!) œ 1.344

REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 5 X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)

0 0.27 0 0
1. 1 0.28 0.28 0.28
Yes 2 0.2 0.40 0.80
3 0.15 0.45 1.35
2. 4 0.08 0.32 1.28
No, the sum of the probabilities is less than 5 0.02 0.10 0.50
1. . œ 1.55 4.21

3. 6.
No, the sum of the probabilities is greater
X $0.01 $0.10 $0.25 $0.50
than 1. " $ " "
P(X) # "! "! "!

96
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
6. continued 9. continued

3/5

P(X) 2/5 5 0.14 0.7 3.5

1/5
6 0.21 1.26 7.56
7 0.24 1.68 11.76

0
9 0.16 1.44 12.96
0.01 0.1 0.25
0.5 10 0.07 0.7 7.00
Coin Value . œ 7.22 54.3

7. 10.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 1(0.42) 2(0.27)
3(0.15) 4(0.1) 5(0.06) œ 2.11 or 2.1
0.6

0.4 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [1# (0.42)

P(X)

0.2 2# (0.27) 3# (0.15) 4# (0.1) 5# (0.06)]

0
2.11 œ 1.4979 or 1.5
0 1 2 3 4

Number of Ties 5 œ È 1.4979 œ 1.22 or 1.2

X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)

8. 1 0.42 0.42 0.42
. œ !X † P(X) œ 0(0.12) 1(0.20) 2 0.27 0.54 1.08
2(0.31) 3(0.25) 4(0.12) œ 2.05 or 2.1 3 0.15 0.45 1.35
4 0.10 0.40 1.60
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [0# (0.12) 5 0.06 0.30 1.50
1# (0.2) 2# (0.31) 3# (0.25) 4# (0.12)] .œ 2.11 5.95
2.05# œ 1.4075 or 1.4
11.

5 œ È 1.4075 œ 1.186 or 1.2 . œ !X † P(X) œ 22(0.08) 23(0.19)

24(0.36) 25(0.25) 26(0.07) 27(0.05)
X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X) œ 24.19 or 24.2
0 0.12 0.00 0.00
1 0.20 0.20 0.20 5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [22# (0.08)
2 0.31 0.62 1.24 23# (0.19) 24# (0.36) 25# (0.25)
3 0.25 0.75 2.25 26# (0.07) 27# (0.05)] 24.19# œ 1.4539
or 1.5
4 0.12 0.48 1.92
.œ 2.05 5.61
5 œ È 1.4539 œ 1.206 or 1.2
9.
. œ !X † P(X) œ 5(0.14) 6(0.21) X P(X) X † P(X) X# † P(X)
7(0.24) 8(0.18) 9(0.16) 10(0.07) 22 0.08 1.76 38.72
œ 7.22 or 7.2 23 0.19 4.37 100.51
24 0.36 8.64 207.36
5 # œ !X# † P(X) .# œ [5# (0.14) 25 0.25 6.25 156.25
6# (0.21) 7# (0.24) 8# (0.18) 26 0.07 1.82 47.32
9# (0.16) 10# (0.07)] 7.22# 27 0.05 1.35 36.45
œ 2.172 or 2.2 .œ 24.19 586.61

5 œ È 2.1716 œ 1.47 or 1.5 12.

. œ $15,000(0.7) $8000(0.3) œ $8100

97
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions
13. 21. continued
Let B œ cost to play the game P(16 have eaten pizza for breakfast) œ

P(ace) œ "
P(face card) œ $
4! 16!
"$ "$
P(2 - 10) œ *
"$
20!
(0.75)16 (0.25)4 œ 0.1897 or 0.190
For a fair game, E(X) œ 0.
0œ 20( "$" ) 10( "$$ ) 2("$* ) B 22.
B œ $2.15 n œ 250, p œ 0.246 (have been married)
. œ 250(0.246) œ 61.5
14. 5 # œ 250(0.246)(0.754) œ 46.371 or 46.4
0œ 20( "$" ) 10( "$$ ) 2("$" ) 3("$" ) 5 œ È 46.371 œ 6.810 or 6.8
4( "$ Ñ 5( "$" ) 6("$" ) 7("$" Ñ 8("$" )
"

9( "$" Ñ 10( "$" Ñ B CHAPTER 5 QUIZ

B œ $4.92
1. True
15. 2. False, it is a discrete random variable.
n œ 12, p œ 0.3 3. False, the outcomes must be independent.
a. P(X œ 8) œ 0.008 4. True
b. P(X 5) œ 0.724 5. Chance

6. . œ n † p
c. P(X 10) œ 0.0002
7. One
d. P(4 B Ÿ 9) œ 0.276
8. c
9. c
16.
10. d
n œ 10, p œ 0.14
11. No, the sum of the probabilities is
P(X œ 2) œ 0.2639 or 0.264
greater than one.
P(X 2) œ 0.155
12. Yes
13. Yes
17.
14. Yes
. œ n † p œ 150(0.8) œ 120
15.
5 # œ n † p † q œ 150(0.8)(0.2) œ 24
5 œ È 24 œ 4.90 0.4
0.3
P(X

18. 0.2
)

n œ 300, p œ 0.63 0.1

. œ n † p œ 300(0.63) œ 189 0

5 6 7 8 9
5 # œ n † p † q œ 300(0.63)(0.37) œ 69.93
Number of
5 œ È 69.93 œ 8.362 or 8.4 Calls

19.
16.
n œ 8, p œ 0.25
X 0 1 2 3 4
P(X Ÿ 3) œ 8!8!0! (0.25)0 (0.75)8
8! " 7 8! # 6 P(X) 0.02 0.30 0.48 0.13 0.07
7! 1! (0.25) (0.75) 6! 2! (0.25) (0.75)
5! 3! (0.25) (0.75) œ 0.8862 or 0.886
8! $ 5 3/5

2/5
P(X)

20. 1/5
N œ 500, p œ 0.27
0
. œ 500(0.27) œ 135
5 # œ 500(0.27)(0.73) œ 98.55 or 98.6 0 1 2 3 4

5 œ È 98.55 œ 9.9 Number of Telephones

21. 17.
n œ 20, p œ 0.75, X œ 16 . œ 0(0.10) 1(0.23) 2(0.31) 3(0.27)
4(0.09) œ 2.02 or 2
98
 Chapter 5 - Discrete Probability Distributions

17. continued
5 # œ [0# (0.10) 1# Ð0.23) 2# (0.31)
3# (0.27) 4# Ð0.09)] 2.02# œ 1.3
5 œ È 1.3 œ 1.1

18.
. œ 30(0.05) 31(0.21) 32(0.38)
33(0.25) 34(0.11) œ 32.16 or 32.2
5 # œ [30# (0.05) 31# (0.21) 32# (0.38)
33# Ð0.25) 34# (0.11)] 32.16# œ 1.07 or
1.1
5 œ È 1.07 œ 1.0

19.
. œ 4( "' Ñ 5( "' Ñ 2( "' Ñ 10( "' Ñ 3( "' Ñ
7( "' Ñ œ 5.17 or 5.2

20.
. œ $2( "# Ñ $10( #'& Ñ $25( #'$ Ñ
$100( #'" Ñ œ $9.65

21.
n œ 20, p œ 0.40, X œ 5
P(5 ) œ 0.124

22.
n œ 20, p œ 0.60
a. P(15) œ 0.075
b. P(10, 11, ..., 20) œ 0.872
c. P(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) œ 0.125

23.
n œ 300, p œ 0.80
. œ 300(0.80) œ 240
5 # œ 300(0.80)(0.20) œ 48
5 œ È 48 œ 6.9

24.
n œ 75, p œ 0.12
. œ 75(0.12) œ 9
5 # œ 75(0.12)(0.88) œ 7.9
5 œ È 7.9 œ 2.8

99