Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

Solution Manual for Elementary Statistics 6th Edition by

Bluman ISBN 0073251631 9780073251639
Full download link at:
Solution manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-for-elementary-
statistics-6th-edition-by-bluman-isbn-0073251631-9780073251639/
Note to instructors: Graphs are not to scale 7. continued
and are intended to convey a general idea.

Answers are generated using Table E.

Answers generated using the TI-83 will vary
slightly.

EXERCISE SET 6-3

0 0.75
1.
8.
The characteristics of the normal distribution
The area is found by looking up z œ 0.35 in
are:
Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure
1. It is bell-shaped.
Table 6. Area œ 0.1368
2. It is symmetric about the mean.
3. The mean, median, and mode are equal.
4. It is continuous.
5. It never touches the X-axis.
6. The area under the curve is equal to one.
7. It is unimodal.

2.
Many variables are normally distributed, and 0.35 0
the distribution can be used to describe these
variables. 9.
The area is found by looking up z œ 2.07 in
3. Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure
One or 100%. Table 6. Area œ 0.4808

4.
50% of the area lies below the mean, and
50% lies above the mean.

5.
68%, 95%, 99.7%

6. 2.07 0
The area is found by looking up z œ 1.66 in
Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure 10.

Table 6. Area œ 0.4515 The area is found by looking up z œ 1.10 in

Table E and subtracting the value from 0.5.
0.5 0.3643 œ 0.1357

0 1.66
7.
86
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
The area is found by looking up z œ 0.75 in
Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure 0 1.10
Table 6. Area œ 0.2734
11.
The area is found by looking up z œ 0.23 in
Table E and subtracting it from 0.5 as shown
in Block 2 of Procedure Table 6.

87
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
11. continued 15.
0.5 0.0910 œ 0.4090 The area is found by looking up the values
0.79 and 1.28 in Table E and subtracting the
areas as shown in Block 3 of Procedure
Table 6. 0.3997 0.2852 œ 0.1145

0 0.23
12.
The area is found by looking up z œ 0.48 in
Table E and subtracting the area from 0.5. 0 0.79 1.28
0.5 0.1844 œ 0.3156
16.
The area is found by looking up the values
0.96 and 0.36 in Table E and subtracting the
areas. 0.3315 0.1406 œ 0.1909

0.48 0
13.
The area is found by looking up z œ 1.43 in
Table E and subtracting it from 0.5 as shown 0.96 0.36 0
in Block 2 of Procedure Table 6.
0.5 0.4236 œ 0.0764 17.
The area is found by looking up the values
1.56 and 1.83 in Table E and subtracting the
areas as shown in Block 3 of Procedure
Table 6. 0.4664 0.4406 œ 0.0258

1.43 0
14.
The area is found by looking up the values
1.23 and 1.90 in Table E and subtracting the 1.83 1.56 0
areas. 0.4713 0.3907 œ 0.0806
18.
0.3686 0.0948 œ 0.4634

0 1.23 1.90
1.12 0 0.24

88
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
19. 23. continued
The area is found by looking up the values
2.47 and 1.03 in Table E and adding them
together as shown in Block 4 of Procedure
Table 6. 0.3485 0.4932 œ 0.8417

0.15 0
24.
0.5 0.4842 œ 0.0158
1.03 0 2.47 0.5 0.4474 œ 0.0526
0.0158 0.0526 œ 0.0684
20.

0.5 0.4049 œ 0.9049

2.15 0 1.62
0 1.31 25.
The area is found by looking up the values
21. 1.92 and 0.44 in Table E, subtracting both

The area is found by looking up z œ 2.11 in areas from 0.5, and adding them together as
Table E, then adding the area to 0.5 as shown in Block 7 of Procedure Table 6.
shown in Block 5 of Procedure Table 6. 0.5 0.4726 œ 0.0274
0.5 0.4826 œ 0.9826 0.5 0.1700 œ 0.3300
0.0274 0.3300 œ 0.3574

0 2.11
0.44 0 1.92
22.

0.5 0.4726 œ 0.9726 26.

0.4545

1.92 0
0 1.69
23.

The area is found by looking up z œ 0.15 in 27.

Table E and adding it to 0.5 as shown in The area is found by looking up z œ 0.67 in
Block 6 of Procedure Table 6. Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure
0.5 0.0596 œ 0..5596 Table 6. Area œ 0.2486

89
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

27. continued 31. continued

0 0.67 0 2.83

28. 32.
0.3907 0.5 0.4616 œ 0.0384

1.23 0 1.77 0

29.
The area is found by looking up z œ 1.57 in
Table E as shown in Block 1 of Procedure
Table 6. Area œ 0.4418
33.
The area is found by looking up z œ 1.21 in
Table E then subtracting the area from 0.5 as
shown in Block 2 of Procedure Table 6.
0.5 0.3869 œ 0.1131

1.57 0
1.21 0
30.

0.5 0.3770 œ 0.1230 34.

0.0199 0.3643 œ 0.3842

0 1.16
0.05 0 1.10
31.

The area is found by looking up z œ 2.83 35.

in Table E then subtracting the area from 0.5 The area is found by looking the values 2.46
as shown in Block 2 of Procedure Table 6. and 1.74 in Table E and adding the areas
0.5 0.4977 œ 0.0023 together as shown in Block 4 of Procedure
Table 6. 0.4931 0.4591 œ 0.9522

90
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

35. continued 39. continued

2.46 0 1.74 0 1.42

36. 40.
0.4236 0.3686 œ 0.055 1.32

41.
zœ 1.94, found by looking up the area
0.4738 in Table E to get 1.94; it is negative
because the z value is on the left side of 0.

42.
0 1.12 1.43 0.5 0.0239 œ 0.4761
zœ 1.98
37.
The area is found by looking up the values 43.
1.46 and 2.97 in Table E and subtracting the zœ 2.13, found by subtracting 0.0166
areas as shown in Block 3 of Procedure
from 0.5 to get 0.4834 then looking up the
Table 6. 0.4985 0.4279 œ 0.0706
area to get z œ 2.13; it is negative because
the z value is on the left side of 0.

44.
0.9671 0.5 œ 0.4671
zœ 1.84

0 1.46 2.97 45.

zœ 1.26, found by subtracting 0.5 from
38. 0.8962 to get 0.3962, then looking up the

0.5 0.4177 œ 0.9177 area in Table E to get z œ 1.26; it is

negative because the z value is on the left
side of 0.

46.
a. 0.5398 0.5 œ 0.0398
z œ 0.10

1.39 0

39.
The area is found by looking up z œ 1.42 in
Table E and adding 0.5 to it as shown in
Block 5 of Procedure Table 6.
0.5 0.4222 œ 0.9222 0 0.10

b. 0.7190 0.5 œ 0.2190

z œ 0.58

91
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

46b. continued 47c. continued

0 0.58 0.27 0

c. 0.9678 0.5 œ 0.4678 48.

z œ 1.85 z œ „ 0.58, approximately.

0 1.85 0.58 0 0.58

47.

a. z œ 2.28, found by subtracting 0.5 49.

from 0.9886 to get 0.4886. Find the area in a. z œ „ 1.96, found by:
Table E, then find z. It is negative since the 0.05 ƒ 2 œ 0.025 is the area in each tail.
z value falls to the left of 0. 0.5 0.025 œ 0.4750 is the area needed to
determine z.

2.28 0
1.96 0 1.96
b. z œ 0.92, found by subtracting 0.5
from 0.8212 to get 0.3212. Find the area in b. z œ „ 1.65, found by:
Table E, then find z. It is negative since the 0.10 ƒ 2 œ 0.05 is the area in each tail.
z value falls to the left of 0. 0.5 0.05 œ 0.4500 is the area needed to
determine z.

0.92 0
1.65 0 1.65
c. z œ 0.27, found by subtracting 0.5
from 0.6064 to get 0.1064. Find the area in c. z œ „ 2.58, found by:
Table E, then find z. It is negative since the 0.01 ƒ 2 œ 0.005 is the area in each tail.
z value falls to the left of 0. 0.5 0.005 œ 0.4950 is the area needed to
determine z.

92
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

49c. continued 53.

For z œ 1.2, area œ 0.3849
0.8671 0.3849 œ 0.4822
For area œ 0.4822, z œ 2.10
Thus, PÐ 1.2 z 2.10Ñ œ 0.8671
54.
For z œ 2.5, area œ 0.4938
2.58 0 2.58
0.7672 0.4938 œ 0.2734
For area œ 0.2734, z œ 0.75
50.
Thus, PÐ 0.75 z 2.5Ñ œ 0.7672
For the 75th percentile z œ 0.67
(TI83 answer œ 0.6745)
55.
For z œ 0.5, area œ 0.1915
0.2345 0.1915 œ 0.043
For area œ 0.043, z œ 0.11
Thus, PÐ 0.5 z 0.11Ñ œ 0.2345

For z œ 0.5, area œ 0.1915

0 0.67 0.2345 0.1915 œ 0.4260
For area œ 0.426, z œ 1.45
For the 80th percentile z œ 0.84 Thus, PÐ 1.45 z 0.5Ñ œ 0.2345
(TI83 answer œ 0.8416)
56.
0.86 ƒ 2 œ 0.43
For area œ 0.43, z œ „ 1.48
Thus, PÐ 1.48 z 1.48Ñ œ 0.86

57.
ÐX 0)#
/ X#
2(1)# e
0 0.84 yœ œ 2

1È 21 È21

For the 92th percentile z œ 1.41

58.
Each x value ( 2, 1.5, etc.) is
X#
e
substituted in the formula y œ È21
2
to get the
corresponding y value. The pairs are then
plotted as shown below.
( 2)#
e e 2
For x œ 2, y œ 2
È21 œ È6.28
0 1.41
œ 0.1353
È6.28 œ 0.05
51.
PÐ " z "Ñ œ 2(0.3413) œ 0.6826 X Y
-2.0 0.05
PÐ # z #Ñ œ 2(0.4772) œ 0.9544 -1.5 0.13
-1.0 0.24
PÐ $ x $Ñ œ 2(0.4987) œ 0.9974 -0.5 0.35
0 0.40
They are very close. 0.5 0.35
1.0 0.24
52. 1.5 0.13
0.5 0.1234 œ 0.3766 2.0 0.05
For area œ 0.3766, z! œ 1.16
Thus, PÐz 1.16Ñ œ 0.1234

93
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
58. continued 2b. continued

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
-2 -1 0 1 2
2.46 0

3.
EXERCISE SET 6-4 .
zœ 5
1.
z œ $3. $0.79 .39 œ 3.03 a. z œ 700, 50,200 ,319
œ 1.63
area œ 0.4988 area œ 0.4484
P(z < 3.03) œ 0.5 0.4988 œ 0.0012 or
0.12% P(z > 1.63) œ 0.5 0.4484 œ 0.0516 or
5.16%

3.03 0
0 1.63
2.

a. z œ #!ß $#&!#(ß*)* œ b. z œ 500, 50,200 ,319

œ 2.36
area œ 0.4909
2.46 area œ 0.4931
z œ 600, 50,200 ,319 œ 0.36
z œ 30, 3250 ,989 œ 0.62
area œ 0.1406
area œ 0.2324

P( 2.46 < z < 0.62) œ 0.4931 0.2324 P( 2.36 < z < 0.36) œ 0.4909 0.1406
P œ 0.7255 or 72.55% P œ 0.3503 or 35.03%

2.46 0.62 2.36 0.36

b. z œ 2.46 4.
area œ 0.4931 For the 90th percentile, area œ 0.4 and
z œ 1.28
P(z < 2.46) œ 0.5 0.4931 œ 0.0069 B œ 1.28(90) 1019
or 0.007 B œ 1134.2 or 1134

For a score of 1200, z œ 90 œ 2.01

area œ 0.4778

P(z > 2.01) œ 0.5 0.4778 œ 0.0222 or

2.22%

94
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
5. 6b. continued
.
zœ 5 z œ 4 œ 1.75
area œ 0.4599
a. z œ 10 œ 2.5
area œ 0.4938 P(0.5 z 1.75) œ 0.4599 0.1915
œ 0.2684 or 26.84%
z œ 10 œ 0.5
area œ 0.1915

P( 2.5 < z < 0.5 ) œ

0.4938 0.1915 œ 0.3023 or 30.23%

0.5 1.75
c. z œ 4 œ 1.5
area œ 0.4332

2.5 0.5 zœ 4 œ 0.25

area œ 0.0987
b. z œ 2.5
area œ 0.4938 P( 1.5 z 0.25) œ
0.4332 0.0987 œ 0.3345 or 33.45%
P(z 2.5) œ 0.5 0.4938 œ 0.0062 or
0.62%

1.5 0.25 0

2.5 7.
.
zœ 5
6.

a. z œ 4 œ 0.75 a. z œ $90, ,900

œ 0.37
$11,000

area œ 0.2734
area œ 0.1443
z œ 4 œ 0.75
P(z > 0.37) œ 0.5 0.1443 œ 0.3557
area œ 0.2734 or 35.57%
P( 0.75 z 0.75) œ 0.2734 0.2734
œ 0.5468 or 54.68%

0 0.37
$75, ,900
b. z œ œ 0.99
0.75 0 0.75
area œ 0.3389
$11,000

b. z œ 4 œ 0.5
P(z > 0.99) œ 0.5 0.3389
area œ 0.1915
œ 0.8389 or 83.89%

95
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
7b. continued 9. continued

b. z œ 0.56
.2
œ 2.14 area œ 0.4838

z œ 0.56.2 œ 0.36 area œ 0.1406

P( 2.14 z 0.36) œ
0.99 0.4838 0.1406 œ 0.3432

8.
a. z œ 15, 1500 ,837 œ 1.44
area œ 0.4251
P( z > 1.44) œ 0.5 0.4251 œ 0.0749 or
7.49% 2.14 0.36

c. z œ 3.0.56 .2 œ 0 area œ 0.5

P(z 0) œ 0.5

0 1.44

b. z œ 13, 1500 ,837

œ 0.11
area œ 0.0438
0
14, ,837
zœ 1500 œ 0.78 d. For an 18 month (1.5 year) warranty,
area œ 0.2823 zœ 3.04.
P(z 3.04) œ .5 0.4988 œ 0.0012
P( 0.11 < z < 0.78) œ Hence, 0.12% of the ovens would be
0.2823 0.0438 œ 0.2385 or 23.85% replaced.

10.
z œ 6.1 .5 œ 0.74
area œ 0.2704

P( z > 0.74) œ 0.5 0.2704 œ 0.2296 or

0.11 0.78 22.96%

9. 11.
.
zœ 5
.
zœ 5

a. z œ 1.
0.56
.2
œ 3.04 area œ 0.4988 a. z œ 1100 œ 2.06
area œ 0.4803
P(z 3.04) œ 0.5 0.4988 œ 0.0012

P( z 2.06) œ 0.5 0.4803 œ 0.9803

or 98.03%

3.04 0

96
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

11a. continued 12b. continued

2.06 0.94 0

b. z œ 1100 œ 0.67 c. The bus should make a trip about every

area œ 0.2486 hour and a half, or every 90 minutes.

P( z > 0.67) œ 0.5 0.2486 œ 0.2514 or 13.

25.14% a. z œ 16 œ 1.88
area œ 0.4699

P(z 1.88) œ 0.5 0.4699 œ 0.9699

0 0.67
c. z œ 1100 œ 0.24
area œ 0.0948 1.88 0

P( 0.24 < z < 0.67) œ b. z œ 16 œ 0.94

0.0948 0.2486 œ 0.3434 or 34.34% area œ 0.3264

P(z Ÿ 0.94) œ 0.5 0.3264 œ 0.8264

0.24 0.67
12. 0 0.94
a. z œ 17 œ 1.41 area œ 0.4207
c. Use the range rule of thumb:
P(z 1.41) œ 0.5 0.4207 œ 0.0793 If Range œ 16, then the range is 16 † 4 œ 64.
4

14.
a. z œ 2.3
.2
œ 0.35 area œ 0.1368

P(z 0.35) œ 0.5 0.1368 œ 0.3632

0 1.41

b. z œ 17 œ 0.94 area œ 0.3264

P(z Ÿ 0.94) œ 0.5 0.3264 œ 0.1736
0 0.35

97
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
14. continued 15b. continued
b. z œ 2.3 .2 œ 2.96 area œ 0.4985 P(z 1.53 or z 0.42) œ
(0.5 0.4370) (0.5 0.1628) œ
P(z 2.96) œ 0.5 0.4985 œ 0.9985 0.063 0.3372 œ 0.4002

0 2.96 1.53 0 0.42

c. z œ .2
œ 1.83 area œ 0.4664 c. For 15 minutes, z œ 2.36.
2.3
P(z 2.36) œ 0.5 0.4909 œ 0.0091
zœ .2
œ 0.78 area œ 0.2823 Since the probability is small, it is not likely
2.3
that a person would be seated in less than 15
P( 1.83 z 0.78) œ 0.4664 0.2823 minutes.
œ 0.7487
16.
The top 25% (area) is in the left tail of the
normal curve, since the top scores in a race
would be scores that are below the mean.
The corresponding z score is found using
area œ 0.5 0.25 œ 0.25 so z œ 0.67.
Thus B œ 0.67(3.6) 45.8 œ 43.39
1.83 0 0.78 seconds.

d. For 60°, z œ 2.96 (see part b)

P(z 2.96) œ 0.5 0.4985 œ 0.0015
Since the probability is very small, a
temperature above 60° is very warm.
15.
43.39 45.8
a. z œ 3.6 .5 œ 2.36 area œ 0.4909
17.
zœ .5
œ 0.42 area œ 0.1628
3.6 The middle 66% means that 33% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. Thus,
P( 2.36 z 0.42) œ area œ 0.33 and z œ „ 0.95.
0.4909 0.1628 œ 0.3281 Bœ 0.95(1025) 6492 œ $5518.25
B œ 0.95(1025) 6492 œ $7465.75

The prices are between $5518.25 and

$7465.75.

2.36 0.42

b. z œ 3.6
.5
œ 1.53 area œ 0.4370

zœ 3.6
.5
œ 0.42 area œ 0.1628 $5518.25 $7465.75

98
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
17. continued 21. continued
Yes, a boat priced at $5550 would be sold in
this store.

18.
The middle 50% means that 25% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. Thus,
area œ 0.25 and z œ „ 0.67.
0 2.51
B œ 0.67(103) 792 œ 861.01
Bœ 0.67(103) 792 œ 722.99
For the least expensive 10%, the area is 0.4
on the left side of the curve. Thus,
The contributions are between 723 and 861.
zœ 1.28.
Bœ 1.28(100) 949 œ $821

22.
The bottom 5% (area) is in the left tail of the
normal curve. The corresponding z score is
found using area œ 0.5 0.05 œ 0.45.
723 861 Thus z œ 1.65.
Bœ 1.65(18) 122.6 œ 92.9 or 93

19.
The middle 80% means that 40% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. The
corresponding z scores will be „ 1.28.
Bœ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1692.24 sq. ft.
B œ 1.28(92) 1810 œ 1927.76 sq. ft.
92.9 122.6

23.
The middle 60% means that 30% of the area
will be on either side of the mean. The
corresponding z scores will be „ 0.84.
1692 1810 1928 Bœ 0.84(1150) 8256 œ $7290
B œ 0.84(1150) 8256 œ $9222
20.
z œ „ 1.28
Bœ 1.28(1500) 145,500 œ $143,580
B œ 1.28(1500) 145,500 œ $147,420

$7290 $8256 $9222

24.
For the oldest 20%, the area is 0.3 on the
143,580 145,500 147,420 right side of the curve. Thus, z œ 0.84.
22.8 œ 0.845 19.4
21. = œ 4.048 or 4.05 years

z œ 100 œ 2.51
area œ 0.4940 25.
For the fewest 15%, the area is 0.35 on the
P( z > 2.51) œ 0.5 0.4940 œ 0.006 or left side of the curve. Thus, z œ 1.04.
0.6% Bœ 1.04(1.7) 5.9
B œ 4.132 days

99
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

25. continued 29. continued

For the longest 25%, the area is 0.25 on the
right side of the curve. Thus, z œ 0.67.
B œ 0.67(1.7) 5.9
B œ 7.039 days or 7.04 days
26.
a. For the top 3%, the area is 0.47 on the
18.6 25
right side of the curve. Thus, z œ 1.88.
B œ 1.88(100) 400
30.
B œ 588 minimum score to receive the
The top 15% means that 35% of the area is
award.
between 0 and z. The corresponding z score
is 1.04.
b. For the bottom 1.5%, the area is 0.485 on
B œ 1.04(8) 62 œ 70.32 ¸ 70
the left side of the curve. Thus, z œ 2.17.
Bœ 2.17(100) 400
B œ 183 minimum score to avoid summer
school.

27.
The bottom 18% means that 32% of the area
is between 0 and z. The corresponding z 62 70.32
score will be 0.92.
Bœ 0.92(6256) 24,596 œ $18,840.48 31.
a. . œ 120 5 œ 20
b. . œ 15 5 œ 2.5
c. . œ 30 5œ5

32.
No. Any subgroup would not be a perfect
representation of the seniors; therefore, the
$18,840.48 $24,596
mean and standard deviation would be
different.
28.
The middle 50% means that 25% of the area
33.
is on either side of the mean. The
There are several mathematical tests that can
corresponding z scores will be „ 0.67.
be used including drawing a histogram and
Bœ 0.67(5) 40 œ $36.65
calculating Pearson's index of skewness.
B œ 0.67(5) 40 œ $43.35

34.
No. The shape of the distributions would be
the same, since z scores are raw scores
scaled by the standard deviation.

35.
$36.65 $40 $43.35 2.87% area in the right tail of the curve
means that 47.13% of the area is between 0
29. and z, corresponding to a z score of 1.90.

The 10% to be exchanged would be at the Bœ 1.28(5) 25 œ 18.6 months.

left, or bottom, of the curve; therefore, 40%
of the area is between 0 and z. The
corresponding z score will be 1.28.
100
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
.
zœ 5
1.90 œ 5
25. continued 29. continued
1.905 œ 2
For the longest 25%, the area is 0.25 on the
5 œ 1.05

101
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
36. 39. continued
3.75% area in the left tail means that 46.25% Q$ 142.5 œ 1052.5
of the area is between 0 and z, There are several outliers.
corresponding to a z score of 1.78.
.
1.78 œ 6 Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
1.78(6) œ 85 .
. œ 95.68 40.
Histogram:
37.
1.25% of the area in each tail means that 10

48.75% of the area is between 0 and „ z. 8

The corresponding z scores are „ 2.24.

6

4
Then . œ 2 œ 45 and X œ . z5.

f
2

48 œ 45 2.245 0

2.5-21.5 21.5-40.5 40.5-59.5 59.5-78.5 78.5-97.5 97.5-116.5

5 œ 1.34 Tax

38. The histogram shows a positive skew.

The cutoff for the A's and F's would be:
B œ . z5 PI œ 3(39.
27.18
.5)
œ 0.71
B œ 60 1.65(10)
B œ 76.5 for the A's IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 58 20 œ 38
B œ 60 ( 1.65)(10) 1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(38) œ 57
B œ 43.5 for the F's Q" 57 œ 37
Q$ 57 œ 115
For the B's and D's: There are no outliers.
B œ 60 (0.84)(10)
B œ 68.4 for the B's Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
B œ 60 ( 0.84)(10)
B œ 51.6 for the D's 41.
Histogram:
The grading scale would be:
77 and up A 15

68 76 B 10
52 67 C
f

5
44 51 D 0
0 43 F
50.5-99.5 99.5-148.5 148.5-197.5 197.5-246.5 246.5-295.5
Revenue
39.
Histogram: The histogram shows a positive skew.

3(115. .5)
12
PI œ 66.32
œ 1.03
10

6 IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 154.5 67 œ 87.5

f

2
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(87.5) œ 131.25
0 Q" 131.25 œ 64.25
636.5-926.5 926.5-1216.5 1216.5-1506.5

Num ber of M ovie s

1506.5-1796.5 1796.5-2086.5
Q$ 131.25 œ 285.75
There is one outlier.
The histogram shows a positive skew.
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
3(970. .5)
PI œ 376.5 œ 0.93

IQR œ Q3 Q" œ 910 815 œ 95

1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(95) œ 142.5
Q" 142.5 œ 672.5
102
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
42. 8. continued
Histogram: area œ 0.2224

8
6 zœ 2.5
.2
œ 2.37 area œ 0.4911
È55
4
P( 0.59 z 2.37) œ 0.2224
f

2
0.4911
0
œ 0.7135 or 71.35%
2.5-17.5 17.5-32.5 32.5-47.5 47.5-62.5 62.5-
77.5
Runs

The histogram shows a negative skew.

3(45.
PI œ 20.58 œ 0.99

IQR œ Q$ Q" œ 60.5 29.5 œ 31 17 17.2 18

1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(31) œ 46.5
Q" 46.5 œ 17 9.
.
Q$ 46.5 œ 107 zœ œ .80
œ 2.61
5 $32
Èn È50
There are no outliers. area œ 0.4955
P(z 2.61) œ 0.5 0.4955 œ 0.0045 or
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.
0.45%

EXERCISE SET 6-5

1.
The distribution is called the sampling
distribution of sample means.

2. $175 $186.8
The sample is not a perfect representation of

the population. The difference is due to 10.

what is called sampling error. a. z œ $50, $7500 ,174 œ 0.29
area œ 0.1141
3. P(z < 0.29) œ 0.5 0.1141 œ 0.3859
The mean of the sample means is equal to or 38.6%
the population mean.

4.
The standard deviation of the sample means
is called the standard error of the mean.
5X œ È5n
$50,000 $52,174
5.
The distribution will be approximately b. z œ $50, ,174
œ 2.90
$7500
normal when sample size is large. È100

area œ 0.4981
6. P(z < 2.90) œ 0.5 0.4981 œ 0.0019
\ . or 0.19%
Dœ 5

7.
\ .
Dœ 5ÎÈ8

103
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

8.
.
zœ 5 œ 2.5
.2
œ 0.59 $50,000 $52,174
Èn È55

104
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
11. 14.
zœ .
œ 144.
œ 1.22 zœ œ 4.38
5 12.3 100
Èn È200
È36

area œ 0.3888 area œ 0.4999

P(z 1.22) œ 0.5 0.3888 œ 0.1112 or P(z 4.38) œ 0.5 0.4999 œ 0.0001
11.12% or 0.01%
(Note: Using the TI-83 Plus the answer is
0.000006)
Hence, we would be surprised to get a
sample mean of 1050 since the probability is
very small.

15.
142 144.5
a. z œ 5 . œ 35 œ 0.29
area œ 0.1141
12.
P(z 0.29) œ 0.5 0.1141 œ 0.3859
a. z œ $40, $5100 ,863 œ 1.99
area œ 0.4767
P(z > 1.99) œ 0.5 0.4767 œ 0.0233
or 2.33%

0 0.29

.
b. z œ 5
Èn
œ 35 œ 0.90
È10

$29,863 $40,000 area œ 0.3159

P(z 0.90) œ 0.5 0.3159 œ 0.1841
$30, ,863
b. z œ $5100 œ 0.24
È80

area œ 0.0948
P(z > 0.24) œ 0.5 0.0948 œ 0.4052
or 40.52%

660 670
c. Individual values are more variable than
means.
$29,863 $30,000
16.
zœ 38.
4 œ 1.5 area œ 0.4332
13. È25

zœ .
œ $2. .02
œ 1.58 P(z 1.5) œ 0.5 0.4332 œ 0.0668 or
5 $0.08
Èn È40
6.68%
area œ 0.4429
P(z 1.58) œ 0.5 0.4429 œ 0.0571 or
5.71%

37 38.2
105
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

$2.00 $2.02

106
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
17. 20. continued
.
zœ œ œ 0.55
5 21
Èn È15

area œ 0.2088
z œ 5 . œ #" œ 0.55
Èn È15

area œ 0.2088
P( 0.55 z 0.55) œ 2(0.2088)
œ 0.4176 or 41.76% 26,000

26, ,393
b. z œ 4362 œ 1.84
È25

area œ 0.4671
P(z 1.84) œ 0.5 0.4671 œ 0.9671 or
96.71%

120 123 126

18.
zœ 97 œ 0.49 area œ 0.1879
È36

zœ 97 œ 0.43 area œ 0.1664

È36

P( 0.49 z 0.43) œ 0.1879 0.1664 $26,000

œ 0.3543 or 35.43%
c. Sample means are less variable than
individual data.

21.
a. z œ 5 . œ 8 .2 œ 0.4
area œ 0.1554
P(z 0.4) œ 0.5 0.1554 œ 0.3446 or
450 458 465 34.46%

19.
.
zœ œ œ 0.75
5 187.5
Èn È50

area œ 0.2734
.
zœ 5 œ 187.5 œ 0.38
Èn È50

area œ 0.1480 43 46.2

P( 0.75 z 0.38) œ 0.2734
0.1480 œ 0.1254 or 12.54% b. z œ .2
œ 2.83 area œ 0.4977
8
È50

P(z 2.83) œ 0.5 0.4977 œ 0.0023 or

0.23%

1980 1990 2000

20.
. 43 46.2
a. z œ œ 26, 24,393
œ 0.37
5 4362
area œ 0.1443
P(z 0.37) œ 0.5 0.1443 œ 0.6443 or c. Yes, since it is within one standard
64.43% deviation of the mean.

107
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
21. continued 24.
d. Very unlikely, since the probability a. z1 œ 3.7
.2
œ 0.05 area œ 0.0199
would be less than 1%.
z2 œ 37.
3.7
.2
œ 0.35 area œ 0.1368
22.
a. z œ 121.5.6 œ 0.32 P( 0.05 z 0.35) œ 0.0199 0.1368
P(0 z 0.32) œ 0.1255 or 12.55% œ 0.1567 or 15.67%

120 121.8 36 36.2 37.5

b. z œ 121.
5.6 œ 1.76 b. z1 œ 3.7
.2
œ 0.21 area œ 0.0832
È30 È15

P(0 z 1.76) œ 0.4608

z2 œ 37.
3.7
.2
œ 1.36 area œ 0.4131
È15

P( 0.21 z 1.36) œ 0.0832 0.4131

œ 0.4963 or 49.63%

120 121.8
c. Sample means are less variable than
individual data.
36 36.2 37.5
23.
25.
a. z œ œ 0.33 area œ 0.1293
15 zœ œ 2.20 area œ 0.4861
P(z 0.33) œ 0.5 0.1293 œ 0.3707 or
16.1
È35

37.07%
zœ 16.1 œ 1.47 area œ 0.4292
È35

P( 2.20 z 1.47) œ 0.4861 0.4292

œ 0.9153 or 91.53%

215 220
b. z œ 15 œ 1.67 area œ 0.4525
È25

P(z 1.67) œ 0.5 0.4525 œ 0.0475 or

4.75% 100 106 110

26.
Since 50 0.05(500) or 25, the correction
factor must be used.
It is É œ 0.950

215 220 zœ .
œ œ 2.81
5 †É N n
5.3 †(0.95)
Èn n 1 È50

108
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
26. continued 29. continued
area œ 0.5 0.4975 œ 0.0025 n œ 25, the sample size necessary to double
the standard error.

30.
1.5
2
œ 15
Èn
0.75 † È n œ 15
70 72
Èn œ 15
0.75 œ 20
27.
Since 50 0.05(800) or 40, the correction n œ 400, the sample size necessary to cut the
factor is necessary. standard error in half.
It is É œ 0.969
. 83, ,000
EXERCISE SET 6-6
zœ œ œ 2.19
5000 (0.969)
5 †É N n
È50
Èn n 1
1.
area œ 0.4857
When p is approximately 0.5, and as n
P(z 2.19) œ 0.5 0.4857 œ 0.0143 or
increases, the shape of the binomial
1.43%
distribution becomes similar to the normal
distribution.The normal approximation
should be used only when n † p and n † q are
both greater than or equal to 5. The
correction for continuity is necessary
because the normal distribution is
continuous and the binomial is discrete.
82,000 83,500
2.
28. For each problem use the following
The upper 95% is the same as 5% in the left formulas:

tail; therefore, 45% of the area is between 0 5.

. œ np 5 œ Ènpq zœ
and z. The corresponding z score is
Be sure to correct each X for continuity.
1.65. a. . œ 0.5(30) œ 15
1.65 œ 100
5 œ È (0.5)(0.5)(30) œ 2.74
È20

1.65( 100
) 2000 œ X
È20
zœ 17.
œ 0.91 area œ 0.3186
X œ 1963.10 2.74

zœ 18.
2.74 œ 1.28 area œ 0.3997

P(17.5 X 18.5) œ 0.3997 0.3186

œ 0.0811 œ 8.11%

1963.10 2000
29.
5 15

5x œ Èn œ È100 œ 1.5

15 17.5 18.5
2(1.5) œ 15
Èn
b. . œ 0.8(50) œ 40
3 † È n œ 15 5 œ È (50)(0.8)(0.2) œ 2.83
109
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
Èn œ 5

110
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
2b. continued 2e. continued
z œ 43.2.83 œ 1.24 area œ 0.3925 P(X Ÿ 12.5) œ 0.5 0.2673 œ 0.2327 or
23.27%
zœ 44.
2.83 œ 1.59 area œ 0.4441

P(43.5 X 44.5) œ 0.4441 0.3925

œ 0.0516 or 5.16%

12.5 14

f. . œ 50(0.6) œ 30
5 œ È (50)(0.6)(0.4) œ 3.46
40 43.5 44.5
zœ 40.
3.46 œ 3.03 area œ 0.4988
c. . œ 0.1(100) œ 10

5 œ È (0.1)(0.9)(100) œ 3 P(X Ÿ 40.5) œ 0.5 0.4988 œ 0.9988 or

99.88%
zœ 11.
3 œ 0.50 area œ 0.1915

zœ 12.
3 œ 0.83 area œ 0.2967

P(11.5 X 12.5) œ 0.2967 0.1915

œ 0.1052 or 10.52%
30 40.5

3.
a. np œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5 Yes
nq œ 20(0.50) œ 10 5
b. np œ 10(0.60) œ 6 5 No

nq œ 10(0.40) œ 4 5
10 11.5 12.5
c. np œ 40(0.90) œ 36 5 No
nq œ 40(0.10) œ 4 5
d. . œ 10(0.5) œ 5
d. np œ 50(0.20) œ 10 5 Yes
5 œ È (0.5)(0.5)(10) œ 1.58 nq œ 50(0.80) œ 40 5
e. np œ 30(0.80) œ 24 5 Yes
nq œ 30(0.20) œ 6 5
zœ 6.
œ 0.95 area œ 0.3289
1.58 f. np œ 20(0.85) œ 17 5 No
P(X 6.5) œ 0.5 0.3289 œ 0.1711 or nq œ 20(0.15) œ 3 5
17.11%
4.
. œ 500(0.56) œ 280
5 œ È (500)(0.56)(0.44) œ 11.1

z œ 249.11.1 œ 2.75 area œ 0.4970

5 6.5 P(X 249.5) œ 0.5 0.4970 œ 0.9970 or
99.7%
e. . œ 20(0.7) œ 14

5 œ È (20)(0.7)(0.3) œ 2.05

zœ 12.
2.05 œ 0.73 area œ 0.2673
111
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

4. continued 7. continued

249.5 280 152.7 175.5

5. 8.
pœ 2
œ 0.4 . œ 400(0.4) œ 160 . œ 175(0.53) œ 92.75
5
5 œ È (400)(0.4)(0.6) œ 9.8 5 œ È (175)(0.53)(0.47) œ 6.60

zœ 169.
9.8 œ 0.97 area œ 0.3340 zœ 75.
6.60
.75
œ 2.61 area œ 0.4955

P(X 169.5) œ 0.5 0.3340 œ 0.1660 or zœ 109.

6.60
.75
œ 2.54 area œ 0.4945
16.6%
P(75.5 X 109.5) œ 0.4955 0.4945
P(75.5 X 109.5) œ 0.99

160 169.5
6. 75.5 92.75 109.5
. œ 100(0.05) œ 5
5 œ È (100)(0.05)(0.95) œ 2.18 9.

. œ 180(0.236) œ 42.48
zœ 5.
œ 0.23 area œ 0.0910 5 œ È (180)(0.236)(0.764) œ 5.70
2.18

P(X 5.5) œ 0.5 0.0910 œ 0.4090 or zœ 50.

5.70
.48
œ 1.41 area œ 0.4207
40.9%
P(X 50.5) œ 0.5 0.4207 œ 0.0793

5 5.5
42.48 50.5
7.
. œ 300(0.509) œ 152.7 10.
5 œ È (300)(0.509)(0.491) œ 8.66 . œ 400(0.24) œ 96
5 œ È (400)(0.24)(0.76) œ 8.54
zœ 175.
8.66
.7
œ 2.63 area œ 0.4957
zœ 120.
8.54 œ 2.87 area œ 0.4979
P(X 175.5) œ 0.5 0.4957 œ 0.0043
P(X 120.5) œ 0.5 0.4979 œ 0.0021

112
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

10. continued 13. continued

96 120.5 99.5 122.5

11. 14.
. œ 300(0.167) œ 50.1 a. n(0.1) œ 5 n 50
5 œ È (300)(0.167)(0.833) œ 6.46 b. n(0.3) œ 5 n 17
c. n(0.5) œ 5 n 10
zœ 50. .1
œ 0.06 area œ 0.0239 d. n(0.2) œ 5 n 25
6.46 e. n(0.1) œ 5 n 50
P(X 50.5) œ 0.5 0.0239 œ 0.4761
REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 6

1.
a. 0.4744

50.1 50.5
12.
. œ 290(0.23) œ 66.7
5 œ È (290)(0.23)(0.77) œ 7.17 0 1.95

zœ 50. .7
œ 2.26 area œ 0.4881 b. 0.1443
7.17

P(X 50.5) œ 0.5 0.4881 œ 0.9881

0 0.37
50.5 66.7 c. 0.4656 0.4066 œ 0.0590

13.
. œ 350(0.35) œ 122.5
5 œ È (350)(0.35)(0.65) œ 8.92

zœ 99.
8.92
.5
œ 2.58
0 1.32 1.82
P(X 99.5) œ 0.5 0.4951 œ 0.9951 or
99.51%

113
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

1. continued 1. continued
d. 0.3531 0.4798 œ 0.8329 i. 0.5 0.4817 œ 0.0183

1.05 0 2.05 2.09 0

e. 0.2019 0.0120 œ 0.2139 j. 0.5 0.4535 œ 0.9535

0.03 0 0.53 0 1.68

f. 0.3643 0.4641 œ 0.8284 2.

a. 0.4808

1.80 0 1.10
0 2.07
g. 0.5 0.4767 œ 0.0233
b. 0.4664

0 1.99 1.83 0

h. 0.5 0.4131 œ 0.9131 c. 0.4778 0.4441 œ 0.9219

1.36 0 1.59 0 2.01

114
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
2. continued i. 0.5 0.4732 œ 0.9732
d. 0.4699 0.4082 œ 0.0617

0 1.93
0 1.33 1.88
j. 0.5 0.4616 œ 0.9616
e. 0.1443 0.4948 œ 0.6391

1.77 0
2.56 0 0.37
3.
27, ,635
f. 0.5 0.4515 œ 0.0485 a. z œ 2550 œ0 area œ 0.5

P(z 0) œ 0.5

0 1.66
0
g. 0.5 0.4788 œ 0.0212
b. z œ 25, 2550 ,635
œ 1.03
area œ 0.3485

P(z 1.03) œ 0.5 0.3485 œ 0.1515

2.03 0

h. 0.5 0.3830 œ 0.8830

1.03 0

c. About 85% of auto mechanics would be

earning more than $25,000.
1.19 0 4.
a. z œ 45, 5000 ,000 œ 1.00 area œ 0.3413

P(z 1.00) œ 0.5 0.3413 œ 0.1587

115
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
4a. continued 6a. continued

0 1.00 0 0.21

b. z œ 45,000 40,000
5000 œ 3.00 area œ 0.4987 b. z œ 3.5
.28
œ 0.08 area œ 0.0319
È9

P(z 0.08) œ 0.5 0.0319 œ 0.4681

P(z 3.00) œ 0.5 0.4987 œ 0.0013

0.08 0
0 3.00
7.
5.
a. z œ 2.44
.32
œ 0.54 area œ 0.2054
a. z œ 8 œ 0.25 area œ 0.0987
P(z 0.54) œ 0.5 0.2054 œ 0.7054
P(z 0.25) œ 0.5 0.0987 œ 0.4013 or
40.13%

0.54 0
0 0.25 b. z œ .32
œ 1.21 area œ 0.3869
2.44
È5

b. z œ 8 œ 1.13 area œ 0.3708

P(z 1.21) œ 0.5 0.3869 œ 0.8869
P(z 1.13) œ 0.5 0.3708 œ 0.1292 or
12.92%

1.21 0

0 1.13 8.
The 15% overweight suitcases are in the
6. right tail; the corresponding z score for the
a. z œ .28
œ 0.21 area œ 0.0832 area is 1.04.
3.5
X œ . z5
X œ 45 (1.04)(2)
P(z 0.21) œ 0.5 0.0832 œ 0.5832
X œ 47.08 lbs

116
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

8. continued 12.
. œ np œ 500(0.05) œ 25
5 œ Ènpq œ È (500)(0.05)(0.95) œ 4.87
z œ 30.4.87 œ 1.13 area œ 0.3708

z œ 29.4.87 œ 0.92 area œ 0.3212

45 47.08 P(0.92 z 1.13) œ 0.3708 0.3212
œ 0.0496 or 4.96%
9.

The middle 40% means that 20% of the area

is on either side of the mean. The
corresponding z scores are „ 0.52.
X1 œ 100 (0.52)(15) œ 107.8
X2 œ 100 ( 0.52)(15) œ 92.2
The scores should be between 92.2 and
107.8. 25 29.5 30.5

13.
. œ 200(0.18) œ 36
5 œ È (200)(0.18)(0.82) œ 5.43
z œ 40. œ 0.83 area œ 0.2967
5.43
92.2 100 107.8 P(X 40.5) œ 0.5 0.2967 œ 0.2033 or
20.33%
10.
.
zœ 5 œ 8 œ 1.13
Èn È9

area œ 0.3708
P(X 70) œ 0.5 0.3708 œ 0.1292 or
12.92%

36 40.5
14.
. œ 800(0.30) œ 240
5 œ È (800)(0.3)(0.7) œ 12.96
70 73
zœ 259.
12.96 œ 1.50 area œ 0.4332
11.

zœ 3.
0.6
.7
œ 2.83 area œ 0.4977 P(X 259.5) œ 0.5 0.4332 œ 0.0668 or
È32
6.68%
P(X 3.4) œ 0.5 0.4977 œ 0.0023 or
0.23%

240 259.5

3.4 3.7 15.

. œ 200(0.2) œ 40
Yes, since the probability is less than 1%. 5 œ È (200)(0.2)(0.8) œ 5.66

117
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

15. continued 17. continued

1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(1507) œ 2260.5
zœ 49.
5.66 œ 1.68 area œ 0.4535 Q" 2260.5 œ 940.5
Q$ 2260.5 œ 5087.5
P(X 49.5) œ 0.5 0.4535 œ 0.0465 or
4.65% There are no outliers.

Conclusion: The distribution is not normal.

CHAPTER 6 QUIZ

1. False, the total area is equal to one.

2. True
40 49.5 3. True
4. True
16. 5. False, the area is positive.
Histogram: 6. False, it applies to means taken from the
same population.
15 7. a.
10 8. a.
f

5
9. b.

2144.5- 4384.5- 6624.5- 8864.5- 11104.5- 13344.5-

10. b.
4384.5 6624.5 8864.5 11104.5 13344.5 15584.5 11. c.
Height
12. 0.5
13. sampling error
The histogram shows a positive skew. 14. the population mean
15. the standard error of the mean
3(6972. .5)
PI œ 3458.85 œ 0.90 16. 5
17. 5%
IQR œ Q$ Q" 18. the areas are:
IQR œ 9348 5135 œ 4213 a. 0.4332 f. 0.8284
1.5(IQR) œ 1.5(4213) œ 6319.5 b. 0.3944 g. 0.0401
Q" 6319.5 œ 1184.5 c. 0.0344 h. 0..8997
Q$ 6319.5 œ 15,667.5 d. 0.1029 i. 0.017
e. 0.2912 j. 0.9131

There are no outliers. 19. the probabilities are:

a. 0.4846 f. 0.0384
Conclusion: The distribution is not normal. b. 0.4693 g. 0.0089
c. 0.9334 h. 0.9582
17. d. 0.0188 i. 0.9788
Histogram: e. 0.7461 j. 0.8461
20. the probabilities are:
8 a. 0.7734
6
4
b. 0.0516
f

2 c. 0.3837
0

979.5- 1584.5- 2189.5- 2794.5- 3399.5- 4004.5-

d. Any rainfall above 65 inches could be
1584.5 2189.5 2794.5 3399.5 4004.5 4609.5 considered an extremely wet year since this
Enrollm ent
IQR œ Q$ Q"
IQR œ 2827 1320 œ 1507
The histogram shows a positive skew.
3(2136.
PI œ 1171.7 œ 0.98

118
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution
value is two standard deviations
above the mean.
21.15.thecontinued
probabilities are: 17. continued
a. 0.0668 c.
0.4649 b. 0.0228
d. 0.0934
22. the probabilities are:
a. 0.4525 c.
0.3707 b.
0.3707 d.
0.019

119
 Chapter 6 - The Normal Distribution

23. the probabilities are:

a. 0.0013 c. 0.0081
b. 0.5 d. 0.5511
24. the probabilities are:
a. 0.0037 c. 0.5
b. 0.0228 d. 0.3232
25. 8.804 cm
26. The lowest acceptable score is 121.24.
27. 0.015
28. 0.9738
29. 0.0495; no
30. 0.0630
31. 0.8577
32. 0.0499
33. The distribution is not normal.
34. The distribution is approximately
normal.

120