Basic Calculus

Learning Activity Sheet

Quarter 4 – MELC 4
Solving problems involving antidifferentiation

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Mathematics – SHS Grade 11 Basic Calculus
Activity Sheet No. 4
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

by the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 –

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Development Team of Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet

Writer: Sheryl C. Legreso

Illustrator: Patrick T. Lomigo

Layout Artist: Krishea Mae P. Jaruda

Division Quality Assurance Team:

Dr. Julio J. Villalon
Dr. Kim Jay C. Encio
Rosanna A. Daitao

Division of Iloilo Management Team: Dr. Roel F. Bermejo, Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr.
Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque, Dr. Azucena T. Falales
Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay
Dr. Kim S. Arceña
Regional Management Team:
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga,
Mr. Ronald T. Genine

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Senior High School Grade 11 Mathematics (Basic Calculus).

The Basic Calculus Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative

efforts of the Schools Division of Iloilo and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division(CLMD). This is developed
to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and responsible adults) in helping
our learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide our learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist learners in acquiring the
lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and employment.

For the learning facilitator:

The Learning Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the teaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-
to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be made available to the learners
with the references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Learning Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue learning even if
you are not in school. This learning material provides you with meaningful and engaging
activities for independent learning. Being an active learner, carefully read and
understand the instructions then perform the activities and answer the assessments.
This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 4, Week 4

Learning Activity Sheet (LAS) No. 4

Name of Learner: __________________________ Grade and Section: _________
Date: ____________________

BASIC CALCULUS LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Solving problems involving antidifferentiation

I. Learning Competency with Code

Solves problems involving antidifferentiation (STEM _BC11)

II. Background Information for Learners Generalizations

POSITION, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION

Points to remember:
 If a particle is moving along a horizontal line, its position (relative to say the origin) is a
function, but the derivative of this function would be its (instantaneous) velocity (how
fast it’s moving) at a certain point, and the derivative of its velocity would be its
acceleration (how fast its velocity is changing).
 We can take the integral of velocity to get position, and the integral of acceleration to
get velocity.
 The position of an object is actually a vector, since it has both a magnitude (a scalar,
such as distance) and a direction. A change in position is a displacement, which is how
far out of place the object is, compared to where it started. The distance it has traveled
is the total amount of ground an object has covered during its motion; this is the
absolute value of the displacement, and is a scalar.
 The velocity function is the derivative of the position function, and be negative, zero, or
positive. If the derivative (velocity) is positive, the object is moving to the right (or up, if
that’s how the coordinate system is defined); if negative, it’s moving to the left (or
down); if the velocity is 0, the object is at rest. This is also called the direction of the
object.
 The velocity of an object is actually a vector, whereas the speed is the absolute value
of the velocity, and is a scalar. The speed of an object cannot be negative, whereas
velocity can.
 Acceleration (the derivative of velocity, which is also a vector) can cause speed to
increase, decrease, or stay the same. Negative acceleration means slowing down
(velocity decreasing) and positive acceleration means speeding up (velocity increasing).

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

Let v be the velocity of the object. Note that and .

1. Since , we thus have

∫ ∫ ∫ ( )
That is, in particular, ( ) ( ) is a function whose rate of change with respect to
time is the force. This, by the way, is the momentum of the object.

2. Note that, by Chain Rule,

Thus, by Newton’s Second Law and the Substitution Rule, we have

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 ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫

That is, in particular, ( ) ( ) is a function whose rate of change with respect

to the distance is the force. This is, by the way, is the kinetic energy of the object.

III. Accompanying Deped Textbooks and Educational Sites

Leithold, L. (1996). The Calculus 7. Ney York: HarperCollins College Pub.

Polya, G. (1957). How To Solve It, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-08097-6

Pelias, J. (2016). Basic Calculus First Edition. Rex Bookstore. ISBN 978-971-23-7814-0

Varberg, D., Purcell, E. and Rigdon, S., 2007. Calculus. 9th ed. [ebook] Upper Saddle
River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, pp.175-185.

https://www.shelovesmath.com/calculus/integral-calculus/antiderivatives-indefinite-
integration/

IV. Activity Proper

Example 1
A particle, starting out at rest, moves along the x-axis such that its acceleration is
( ) ( ), t is in seconds. At the time, t = 0, its position is p = 3.

a. Find the velocity v(t) of the particle at time t.

b. Find when the particle is at rest.
c. Find the position of the particle p(t) at any time t.

Solution:
a. We are given the acceleration, but we need to get a formula for the velocity; we can
do that now with integration:
( ) ∫ ( )
∫ ( )
∫ ( )
( )
To solve for C (the constant of integration), put in the initial condition, which states
that the particle is at rest when it starts out, so we have the point (t, v(t)) = (0, 0):
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Since v(0) = 0, then
( )

Thus, the velocity v(t) of the particle at time t is ( ) ( ).

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 b. A particle is at rest when the velocity is 0:
( )
( )
( )

( )
t = 0 and ;
Thus, the particle is at rest at 0 and about 3.14 seconds.

c. Now that we have the velocity equation ( ) ( ), we can get the position
equation by integrating again:
( ) ∫ ( )

∫ ( )

∫ ( )
( )

To solve for C (the constant of integration), put in the initial condition, which states that at time
t=0, its position is p=3, so we have the point (t, p(t)) = (0, 3):
( )
( )

Thus, the position of the particle at time t is ( ) ( ) .

Example 2
A particle moves along x-axis with the equation a(t) = 3sin(3t). Find the position of the
particle when:
a) v(0) = 3.
b) s(0) = 3.
Solution:
a) We are given the acceleration a(t), but we need to get a formula for the velocity; we
can do that now with integration:

( ) ∫ ( )
∫ ( )
∫ ( )
( ( ))
( )
To solve for C (the constant of integration), put in the initial condition, which states
that the position of the particle when v(0) = 3, so we have the point (t, v(0)) = (0, 3):
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Since v(0) = 3, then
( )

Thus, the velocity v(t) of the particle at time t is ( ) ( ) .

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 b) We already have the velocity ( ) ( ) , we now need to get the
formula for speed; we can do that with integration.
( ) ∫( ( ) )
( )

To solve for C (the constant of integration), put in the initial condition, which states that the
position of the particle when s(0) = 3, so we have the point (t, s(0)) = (0, 3):
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )

Since s(0) = 3, then

Thus, the speed s(t) of the particle at time t is ( ) ( )

Example 3

Suppose a particle moves along a straight horizontal line with constant acceleration of
2
6m/s . Take the positive direction to be to the right. If the particle started at a position 5
meters to the right of a certain wall and pauses momentarily after 1 second, how far it is from
the said wall after 3 seconds?

Solution:
Let s(t) = be the position, relative to the wall (in meters), where t is time in seconds.
Let v = velocity and a = acceleration
We are given that s(t) = = 6 and the initial position tells us that s(0) = 5. It also
pauses momentarily after 1 second means that its velocity at t=1 is zero, thus v(1) = s’(1) = 0.

s(t) = =6
∫ ∫
( )
Since v(1) = 0, then
6(1) + C = 0
C=0–6
C = -6
So, v(t) = 6t – 6.

Using the equation of the velocity above,

∫ ∫( )
2
s(t) = 3t - 6t + D
2
Since s(0) = 5, then 5 = 3(0) -6(0) + D. We now get D = 5. That is

s(t) = 3t2- 6t + 5

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 To get the required position after 3 seconds is

s(3) = 3(3)2 – 6(3) + 5

s(3) = 3(9) – 18 + 5
s(3) = 27 - 18 + 5
s(3) = 14
After 3 seconds, the particle is 14 meters to the right of the wall.

Exercise 1
A particle is moving along a line in such a way that if v(t) is the velocity in cm/s of the
particle at t seconds, then v(t) = 3t2 + 2t – 6 where the positive direction is to the right of the
origin. If the particle is at the origin at the start of the motion, find its position when t is 4.8
seconds.

Exercise 2
The acceleration of an object moving along a coordinate line is given by a(t) = 4t 3 + 6t2 –
2t + 3 in meters per second. If the velocity at t = 0 is 4 meters per second, find the velocity 6
seconds later.

V. Reflection:

Answer the following questions.

1. What is the most challenging part when you solve word problems involving
antidifferentiation?
2. What have you learned from this learning kit?
3. What will you do to improve your problem solving skills in antidifferentiation?

VI. Answer Key