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扬哥西北大学2009 2017真题汇总
扬哥西北大学2009 2017真题汇总
Ü ŒÆ
2009 − 2017 cýK®o
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ýK®o3 x‡&ú¯ÒÄu:
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Œ‡êÆ©Û6†5 ®ŒÆ‡p “ê6Àª‘Ñkí!
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1 Ü ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 4
2 Ü ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 6
3 Ü ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 8
4 Ü ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 10
5 Ü ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 11
6 Ü ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 13
7 Ü ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 15
8 Ü ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 17
9 Ü ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 19
10 Ü ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 20
11 Ü ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 22
12 Ü ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 24
13 Ü ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 26
14 Ü ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 28
15 Ü ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 30
16 Ü ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 32
17 Ü ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 34
18 Ü ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê 36
3
1. Ü ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!ü‘ÀJK ( K 30 ©, z K 6 ©)
1. e a ´ê {xn }+∞
n=1 •Œà:, K ( )
A. ∀xn ∈ {xn }, k xn 6 a.
B. ∀ε > 0, ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn < a + ε.
C. ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn < a.
D. ∃N , ∀ n > N , k xn 6 a.
2. e (Ø ( ´( )
A. e x = ϕ(t), y = ψ(t), K y 7´ x ¼ê.
B. e f (x) 3 (a, b) SëY, K f (x) 3 (a, b) þk..
C. e f (x) 3 [ a + ε, b − ε ] þëY, K f (x) 3 (a, b) þ˜—ëY.
D. XJ {xn } ´k.ê , K lim 6 sup{xn }.
n→∞
!)‰K ( K 60 ©, z K 10 ©)
1. a > 0, x0 > 0,
1 a
xn = xn−1 + (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ).
2 xn−1
¦ lim xn .
n→∞
4
x
2. lim f (x) = 0, … f (x) − f = o(x) (x → 0), ¦
x→0 2
f (x)
lim .
x→0 x
3. ?ØÈ© Z 1
xp−1 (1 − x)q−1 dx
0
ñÑ5.
4. Ä: (x, y) 3 ± x2 + y 2 = 1 þ, ¦¼ê
z = xy
•ŒŠÚ• Š.
5. OŽ -È© ZZ
dxdy
I= .
xy(ln2 x + ln2 y)
D
2 2
Ù¥ D ´ x + y = 1 † x + y = 1 ¤Œ²¡«• u1˜–• Ü©.
6. OŽ-¡È© ZZ
I= x2 dydz + y 2 dzdx + z 2 dxdy.
S
Ù¥ S ´-¡ (x − a) + (y − b) + (z − c)2 = R2
2 2
ý.
n!y²K ( K 60 ©, z K 15 ©)
2. ¼ê f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, …•3 xn ∈ [a, b] ¦ f (xn+1 ) = g(xn ) (n = 1, 2, 3, · · · ), y²: 7•3
x0 ∈ [a, b] ¦
f (x0 ) = g(x0 ).
5
2. Ü ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) y²e f (x) 3 [a, b] þëY, K f (x) 3 [a, b] þ7k•ŒŠÚ• Š.
2. ( 18 ©) ?ؼê
1
(x2 + y 2 ) sin p
, x2 + y 2 6= 0;
2
x +y 2
z = f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2 = 0.
0,
3‹I :?:
(1) ´ÄëY?
(2) ´Ä•3 ê?
(3) ´ÄŒ‡?
∞
X
3. ( 15 ©) ?ê an Âñ, an > 0, …ê {an } üN4~, Áy
n=1
lim nan = 0.
n→+∞
4. ( 12 ©) (½
f (x, y) = 4x + xy 2 + y 2
3 /«• x2 + y 2 ≤ 1 þ •ŒŠÚ• Š.
ëY5.
7. ( 15 ©) OŽ-¡È©
ZZ
I= (x3 + az 2 )dydz + (y 3 + ax2 )dzdx + (z 3 + ay 2 )dxdy.
Σ
p
Ù¥ Σ •þŒ¥¡ z = a2 − x2 − y 2 þý.
f (x)
lim = 0.
x→+∞ x
6
10. ( 15 ©) y²: x
exu cos yv = √ ;
2
y
exu sin yv = √ .
2
π
3: p0 = (x0 , y0 , u0 , v0 ) = 1, 1, 0, ,+•p(½ •˜ Û¼ê u = u(x, y), v = v(x, y). ¿¦ d2 u
4
3: p0 ? Š.
7
3. Ü ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!OŽK ( K 50 ©, z K 10 ©)
1
1. (1) ¦4• lim x , Ù¥ [x] ´ x •Œ êÜ©.
x→0 x
(2) ¦È©
Z +∞
ln x
dx.
0 1 + x2
2. ¦4•
1 1 1
lim + + ··· + .
n→0 n n+1 2n
3. ¦4• Z x
1 2 1 1
lim e−t dt − + 2 .
x→0+ x5 0 x4 3x
4. OŽ Z
x2 ds.
l
Ù¥ l ´¥¡ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 †²¡ x + y + z = 0 ‚.
5. OŽ-¡È© ZZ
I= x3 dydz + y 3 dzdx + z 3 dxdy,
S
2 2 2
Ù¥ S •¥¡ x + y + z = 1 ý.
!)‰K
1. ( 10 ©) y²¼ê
∞
X sin nx
f (x) =
n=1
n3
Ù¥ M = max |f (x)|.
0≤x≤a
f (x0 ) = x0 .
4. ( 15 ©) ?ؼê
xy
p , (x, y) 6= (0, 0);
x 2 + y2
f (x, y) =
0, (x, y) = (0, 0).
3 (0, 0) : ëY5ÚŒ‡5.
8
Z +∞
5. ( 15 ©) e¼ê f (x) 3 [0, +∞) þ˜—ëY, …áȩ f (x)dx Âñ, K
0
lim f (x) = 0.
x→+∞
F 0 (t)
¦ lim+ .
t→0 t
7. ( 15 ©)
Z +∞
x2 t2
F (x) = e 2 e− 2 dt, x ∈ [0, +∞).
x
Áy:
(1) lim F (x) = 0;
x→+∞
9
4. Ü ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) ¦
Rx t2
e 2 cos tdt − x
0
lim .
x→0 (ex − 1)2 (1 − cos2 x) arctan x
2. ( 10 ©) ¦4•
Z 1 √
lim xn x + 3dx.
n→∞ 0
3. ( 12 ©) ®• x
Z c
x+c
lim = tet dt,
x→+∞ x−c −∞
¦~ê c Š.
4. ( 12 ©) ¦-¡È© ZZ
(x + y)z 2 dydz + (x2 y − 2z)dzdx + (2x + z)y 2 dxdy,
S
p
Ù¥ S ´Œ¥¡ z = 1 − x2 − y 2 (x2 + y 2 ≤ 1) þý.
5. ( 10 ©) OŽÈ©:
xdy − ydx
Z
I= 2 2
,
Γ x +y
Ù¥ Γ ••¹ : ˜^©ã1w4-‚, ••.
6. ( 10 ©) y²¼ê
∞
X xn
f (x) =
n=1
n2 ln(1 + n)
3 [−1, 1] þëY.
7. ( 15 ©) Qã¿y²4«mþëY¼ê ":•3½n.
8. ( 15 ©) y²È©
+∞
cos(x2 )
Z
dx,
0 xp
3 |p| ≤ p0 < 1 þ˜—Âñ.
9. ( 12 ©) a > 0, ¦-‚
x2 + y 2 = 2az;
x2 + y 2 + xy = a2 .
þ : xy ²¡ •ŒÚ• ål.
10. ( 14 ©) y²: e¼ê f (x) 3 (a, +∞) Œ , … ∀x ∈ (a, +∞), k |f 0 (x)| ≤ M , Ù¥ M ´~ê, K f (x) 3
(a, +∞) ˜—ëY.
12. ( 15 ©) ¼ê {fn (x)} † {gn (x)} 3«m I þ©O˜—Âñu f (x)† g(x), …b½ f (x), g(x) Ñ3 I þ
k., Áy²: {fn (x)gn (x)} 3 I þ˜—Âñu f (x)g(x).
10
5. Ü ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!OŽK ( K 52 ©, cÊKzK 8 ©, 18K 12 ©)
1. ¦4•
n n n
lim + + · · · + .
n→∞ n2 + 1 2 n2 + 2 2 n2 + n2
2. ¦4•
πx
lim (2 − x)tan 2 .
x→1
Z xy
2
4. f (x, y) = e−t dt, ¦
0
x ∂2f ∂2f y ∂2f
− 2 + .
y ∂x2 ∂x∂y x ∂y 2
5. OŽ Z (a,b)
I= ex cos ydx − ex sin ydy.
(0,0)
6. ¦-¡È© ZZ
(y 2 − x)dydz + (z 2 − y)dzdx + (x2 − z)dxdy,
S
2 2
Ù¥ S ´-¡ z = 2 − x − y (1 ≤ z ≤ 2) þý.
!)‰K
1. ( 15 ©) Qã¿y²4«mþëY¼ê k.5½n.
2. ( 15 ©)
f (x, y) = sin x + cos y + cos(x − y),
π π
¦ f (x, y) 3«• 0 ≤ x ≤ , 0 ≤ y ≤ S •ŒŠÚ• Š.
2 2
3. ( 15 ©) ä?ê
+∞
X ln ln n
sin n
n=2
ln n
ýéÂñ5Ú^‡Âñ5.
4. ( 15 ©) ¦4•
Z 1
dx
lim n .
n→∞ 0 1 + 1 + nx
11
6. ( 24 ©) f (u) äkëY ¼ê…
D = (x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ R2 , x, y ≥ 0}
12
6. Ü ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ¦4•:
( 8 ©) (1) √ √
3
1 + 3x4 − 1 − 2x
lim √ 3
√ .
x→0 1+x− 1+x
f (x)
( 8 ©) (2) ¼ê f (x) 3 x = 0 , •Sk½Â, lim = 1, ¦
x→0 x2
1
f (x) x
lim 1 + .
x→0 x
2. ( 8 ©) : Z xy
F (x, y) = (x − yz)f (z)dz,
x
y
00
Ù¥ f (z) •Œ‡¼ê, ¦ Fxy (x, y).
3. ( 12 ©) Z x
S(x) = | cos t|dt.
0
(2) ¦
S(x)
lim .
x→+∞ x
4. ( 12 ©) OÈ©
ydx − xdy
I
IR =
(x2 + xy + y 2 )
x2 +y 2 =R2
Š¿¦4• lim IR .
R→∞
5. ( 12 ©) OŽ-¡È©: ZZ
(x3 cos α + y 3 cos β + z 3 cos γ)dS.
Σ
2 2 2
Ù¥ Σ ´I¡ z = x + y , −1 ≤ z ≤ 0, cos α, cos β, cos γ ´-¡ Σ þ: (x, y, z) ? {‚ ••{u.
6. ( 18 ©) Qã¿y²x÷ ½n.
Z 1
2 2
7. ( 12 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëY, 3 (0, 1) SŒ , …÷v f (1) = 2 e1−x f (x)dx, ¦y: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦
0
13
9. ( 12 ©) ¼ê
2
a |x| + x2 + y 2 + b sin xy ,
p
x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y 4
x2 + y 2 = 0.
0,
11. ( 12 ©) ¦¼ê
z = x2 + y 2
√ √
34«• (x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 ≤ 9 þ •Š.
14
7. Ü ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 6 ©, K 60 ©)
1. ¦¼ê
Z x2
f (x) = (2 − t)e−t dt
0
•Œ†• Š.
2. ¦4•
1
sin x x2
lim .
x→0 x
3. ¦˜?ê
∞
X n2 + 1 n−1
x
n=1
n
Ú¼ê S(x).
4. OŽÈ© ZZZ
I= (x + y + z)dxdydz.
D
Ù¥ D ´d²¡ x + y + z = 1 9n‡‹I¡Œ¤.
15
5. f (x) 3 [0, +∞) äkëY ê, … x ∈ (0, +∞) ž, k |f (x)| ≤ M0 < +∞, |f 00 (x)| ≤ M2 < +∞,
y²:
(1)
2M0 t
|f 0 (x)| ≤ + M2 ,
t 2
é ∀t > 0, x > 0 ¤á;
(2)
p
|f 0 (x)| ≤ 2 M0 M2 , x ∈ [0, +∞).
16
8. Ü ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) ¦¼ê
"
1
# x1
(1 + x) x
, x 6= 0;
f (x) = e
1, x = 0.
Z 1
2
3. ( 15 ©) f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒ , … f (1) − 2 xf (x)dx = 0. y²: •3 ξ ∈ (0, 1), ¦
0
f (ξ)
f 0 (ξ) = − .
ξ
6. ( 15 ©) ¦ ZZZ
1 3
lim sin(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) 2 dxdydz.
t→0 t6
x2 +y 2 +z 2 ≤t2
Âñ,
(1) ¯´Ä7k lim f (x) = 0? •Ÿo?
x→+∞
8. ( 15 ©) ?ؼê
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
, x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.
9. ( 15 ©) y²: f (x) 3«m I þ˜—ëY ¿‡^‡´: é I þ?¿ü‡ê {x0n } † {x00n }, x0n − x00n → 0
k
f (x0n ) − f (x00n ) → 0.
17
10. ( 20 ©) ¦È©
Z 1
ln(1 + x)
I= dx.
0 1 + x2
18
9. Ü ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©)
sin ex
1
− (1 + x) x , x > 0;
f (x) = xZ x
1
a (1 − cos t)dt, x < 0.
x 0
3 x = 0 ?ëY, ¦ a, b.
2. ( 15 ©) f (x), g(x) 3 [a, b] þëY, 3 (a, b) SŒ , … f (a) = f (b) = 0, y²: •3 ξ ∈ (a, b), ¦
5. ( 15 ©) ¼ê
(x2 + y 2 ) sin 1
, x2 + y 2 6= 0;
f (x, y) = x2 + y2
0, x2 + y 2 = 0.
7. ( 15 ©) y²
Z +∞
sin xt
F (x) = dt
0 1 + t2
3 (0, +∞) SëY…Œ‡.
→
−
n • {‚ü •••þ.
19
10. Ü ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) y² x3n + x3n+1 + x3l+2 U x2 + x + 1 Ø. (n, l ∈ Z)
Ñ´ õ‘ª.
Bm = A
¤á.
4. ( 15 ©) -•§|
a11 x1 + a12 x2 + · · · + a1n xn = b1 ;
a21 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + a2n xn = b2 ;
.. (1)
.
an1 x1 + an2 x2 + · · · + ann xn = bn .
†
A11 x1 + A12 x2 + · · · + A1n xn = C1 ;
A21 x1 + A22 x2 + · · · + A2n xn = C2 ;
.. (2)
.
An1 x1 + An2 x2 + · · · + Ann xn = Cn .
Ù¥ Aij • aij 3Xê1 ª D = |aij | ¥ “ê{fª, y²•§| (1) k•˜) ¿©7‡^‡´ (2) k
•˜).
6. ( 15 ©) OŽ n 1 ª
x+a
1 a2 ··· an
a1 x + a2 ··· an
, (x 6= 0).
.. .. ..
. . .
a1 a2 ··· x + an
7. ( 15 ©) α1 , α2 , · · · , αn ´ n ‘‚5˜m V ˜|Ä, A ´˜ n × s Ý ,
y²: L(β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ) ‘ê u A •.
8. ( 20 ©) ®• g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = 2x21 + 3x22 + 3x23 + 2ax2 x3 (a > 0)
20
9. ( 20 ©) ‰½ P 3 ü|Ä
A ´ P3 ‚5C†, … A εi = ηi (i = 1, 2, 3).
(1) ¦ A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , ε3 e Ý ;
(2) ¦ A 3Ä η1 , η2 , η3 e Ý .
10. ( 20 ©) Ý A Š‘Ý
1 0 0 0
∗
0 1 0 0
A =
1
.
0 1 0
0 −3 0 8
21
11. Ü ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©)
xn − 1|(x − 1)[f1 (xn ) + xf2 (xn ) + x2 f3 (xn ) + · · · + xn−2 fn−1 (xn )],
¿Þ~`²^‡“gê ≤ n − 2” ´ØŒ" .
3. ( 15 ©) ‚5•§|
2x + x2 − x3 = 1;
1
x1 − x2 + x3 = 2;
4x + 5x − 5x = −1.
1 2 3
†
ax1 + bx2 − x3 = 0;
2x − x + ax = 3.
1 2 3
Ó), ¦Ï)9 a, b.
4. ( 15 ©) A •n ‡é¡¢Ý , y²:
(1) E + A Œ_;
(2) Q = (E − A)(E + A)−1 ´˜‡ Ý .
5. ( 20 ©) Á^ ‚5O†ò g.
|A + S| > 0.
7. ( 20 ©) V1 , V2 ©O´àg‚5•§|
x1 + x2 + · · · + xn = 0
†
x1 = x2 = · · · = xn
22
8. ( 20 ©) ± Rn [x] L«gê؇L n ¢Xêõ‘ª ¤ ¢•þ˜m, Ù\{´õ‘ª\{, ê¦$Ž´¢
d
ê¦õ‘ª, ± D = L«¦õ‘ª ê ¦ Žf, K D • Rn [x] þ ‚5C†.
dx
(1) Áy: 1, x, · · · , xn ´ Rn [x] þ ˜|Ä;
(2) ¦ D 3þãÄe Ý ;
(3) Áy: n ≥ 1 ž, D ØUé z.
23
12. Ü ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) OŽ1 ª
1−a a 0 0 0
−1 1 − a a 0 0
D5 = 0 −1 1−a a 0 .
0
0 −1 1−a a
0 0 0 −1 1−a
2. ( 15 ©) Á¯ t ÛŠž, ¢ g.
• ½ g.?
3. ( 15 ©) ?Ø a, b •ÛŠž, •§|
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0;
x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 = 1;
−x2 + (a − 3)x3 − 2x4 = b;
3x + 2x + x + ax = −1.
1 2 3 4
¦A Š•ÚØ.
6. ( 15 ©) • A ÷v
A2 + 2A − 3E = 0,
E •ü Ý .
(1) y²: A + 4E Œ_, ¿¦Ù_Ý ;
(2) n •g,ê, ?Ø A + nE Œ_5.
7. ( 20 ©) ¢ g.
s
X 2
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = (ai1 x1 + ai2 x2 + · · · + ain xn ) ,
i=1
24
8. ( 20 ©) ¦ 7 gõ‘ª f (x) ¦ f (x) + 1 U (x − 1)4 Ø, f (x) − 1 U (x + 1)4 Ø.
9. ( 20 ©) (1) ¦Ý
0 1 1 1
0 0 1 1
A=
0
.
0 0 1
0 0 0 0
¦ B 2011 . (°( ê: 4 )
25
13. Ü ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) k‚5•§|
x1 + λx2 + µx3 + x4 = 0;
2x1 + x2 + x3 + 5x4 = 0;
3x + (2 + λ)x + (4 + µ)x + 4x = 1.
1 2 3 4
2. ( 10 ©) ¦˜ O†, z g.
•IO/.
3. ( 10 ©) ®• P 2×2 ‚5C†
A (X) = M X − XM,
!
1 2
Ù¥M = , X ∈ P 2×2 . ¦‚5C† A ؆Š•.
0 3
4. ( 10 ©) n×n Ý
26
0 0 ··· 0 1
1 0 ··· 0 0
A=
0 1 ··· 0 0 .
.. .. .. ..
. . . .
0 0 ··· 1 0
¦A e ( Jordan) IO/.
6. ( 20 ©) y²: Ø•3 Ý A, B, ¦
A2 = AB + B 2 .
7. ( 20 ©) y²:
(x2 + x + 1)(x2012 + x2011 + 1).
8. ( 20 ©) A ´Eê•þ • , y²:
(1) A A Šþ•" …= •3 êm ¦
Am = 0;
(d? E L«† A Ó ü Ý ).
27
14. Ü ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
1. 1 ª D = , Aij L«1 i 11 j ƒ “ê{fª, K A11 + A12 + A13 + A14 =
1 4 9 16
1 8 27 64
.
! !
−1 3 −1 0
2. A = P −1 ΛP , D = ,Λ= , K A10 = .
1 2 0 2
1 0 0
• A∗ , K (A∗ )−1 =
3. A=
2 2 0
Š‘Ý .
3 3 3
!)‰K.
2. ( 15 ©) A •n • … A2 = A, y²:
r(A) + r(E − A) = n.
3. ( 10 ©) OŽ
1 1 1 1 1
a a+1 a+1 a+1 a+1
b a+b 2b c+b d+b .
c a2 + c b2 + c c2 + c d2 + c
a4 + d b4 + d c4 + d d4 + d
d
4. ( 15 ©) p •ƒê, òõ‘ª
xp+1 + xp − x − 1
5. ( 15 ©) α1 = (1, 0, 2, 3)0 , α2 = (2, 1, −1, 0)0 , α3 = (3, 1, 1, 3)0 , ¦˜± L(α1 , α2 , α3 ) •)˜m àg‚5
•§|.
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6. ( 30 ©) V ´ n ‘‚5˜m, ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn ´ V ˜|Ä, V ‚5C† A ½Â•
A εi = εi+1 , i = 1, 2, · · · , n − 1;
A ε = 0.
n
(1) ¦ A 3Ä ε1 , ε2 , · · · , εn e Ý A;
(2) ¦ A Š•ÚØ ‘ê;
(3) y²: A n = 0, A n−1 6= 0.
eV ,˜‡‚5C† B ÷v B n = 0, B n−1 6= 0, Áy•3 V ˜|Ħ B 3T|Äe Ý •´
A.
7. ( 20 ©) g.
f = k(x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 ) + 2x1 x2 + 2x1 x3 − 2x1 x4 − 2x2 x3 + 2x2 x4 + 2x3 x4 ,
29
15. Ü ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
2. A´ Ý
… |A| = −1, K |E + A| = .
λx1 + x2 + λ2 x3 = 0;
3. àg‚5•§| x1 + λx2 + x3 = 0; XêÝ P• A, e•3n • B 6= 0, ¦ AB = 0, K
x + x + λx = 0.
1 2 3
λ= , |B| = .
4. α1 = (2, 1, −3)0 , α2 = (1, 0, −1)0 , α3 = (3, 2, −5)0 , β = (1, −3, a)0 , γ = (b, −2, 1)0 , •þ| α1 , α2 , α3 †•
þ| α1 , α2 , α3 , β, γ d, K a = , b= .
1. ( 15 ©) ¦÷v
f (x2 ) = f (x)f (x + 1)
š~êõ‘ª f (x).
2. ( 20 ©) OŽe 1 ª
(1)
an
1 an−1
1 b1 ··· bn1
an2 an−1 bn2
2 b2 ···
, a1 a2 · · · an+1 6= 0;
. .. ..
.. . .
an−1
n
bnn+1
an+1 n+1 bn+1 ···
(2)
1 a a2 ··· an
b11 1 a ··· an−1
b21 b22 1 ··· an−2 .
.. .. .. ..
. . . .
bn1 bn2 bn3 ··· 1
3. ( 15 ©) A • n × n Ý , A∗ • A Š‘Ý , y²: XJ A2 = A, @o
0, r(A) = n;
∗
r(A − E) = n − 1, r(A) = n − 1;
n, r(A) < n.
30
5. ( 30 ©) A ´‚5˜m V þ ‚5C†, A V † A −1 (0) ©OL« A Š•†Ø, y²±eA^ d:
(1) A 2 = A ;
(2) A V = (E − A )−1 (0), = A Š• uE −A Ø;
(3) V = A −1 (0) ⊕ (E − A )−1 (0).
1
1
..
.
(4) A 3 V ,|Äe Ý • 1 .
0
..
.
0
(5) •3 V f˜m U Ú W , ¦ V = U + W , …é?¿ α ∈ V, α = α1 + α2 , α1 ∈ V, α2 ∈ W žk
A α = α1 .
6. ( 10 ©) ¦EXêÝ
3 0 8
−1 .
3 6
−2 0 −5
e IO..
7. ( 15 ©)
0 1 0 0
1 0 0 0
A=
0
.
0 2 1
0 0 1 2
¦ Ý P, ¦ (AP )0 (AP ) •é /Ý .
31
16. Ü ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
2. A, B ´ n • , ÷v A2 = B 2 = E … |A| + |B| = 0, K |A + B| = .
1 2 −2
→
− →
−
3. A= 2 −1 λ , en š"• B ˆ þ••§| A x = 0 ), K λ = .
3 1 −1
6. en • A A Š• 1, −1, 2, K |(A∗ )2 + E| = .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) OŽ1 ª
1+x 1 1 1
1 1−x 1 1
1 .
1 1+z 1
1 1 1 1−z
2. ( 20 ©) n 1 ª
a +x
11 a12 + x ··· a1n + x
a21 + x a22 + x ··· a2n + x
Dn (x) = .
.. .. ..
. . .
an1 + x an2 + x · · · ann + x
3. ( 15 ©)
f (x) = x3 − (a1 + a2 + a3 )x2 + (a1 a2 + a1 a3 + a2 a3 )x − (a1 a2 a3 + 1),
P n = V1 ⊕ V2 .
32
5. ( 10 ©) A´ Ý … E + A Œ_, y²: e B = (E − A)(E + A)−1 , K
B 0 = −B.
7. ( 10 ©) A • n × n Ý , A∗ • A Š‘Ý , y²: XJ A2 = E, @o
r(A∗ + E) + r(A∗ − E) = n.
8. ( 15 ©) ¦EXêÝ
1 −1 2
3
−3 6
2 −2 4
Ð Ïf.
9. ( 15 ©) A ´ g.
f = 2x21 + ax22 + ax23 + 4x2 x3
33
17. Ü ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 20 ©)
a a2 a3 a4
1
a2 a2 a4 a5
1. ®• D = , K1n ˆ ƒ “ê{fªƒÚ Š• .
a3 a2 a5 a6
a4 a6 a2 a7
x + 2x2 − 2x3 = 0;
1
2. àg‚5•§| 2x1 − x2 + λx3 = 0; XêÝ • A. e•3n š"Ý B ¦ AB = 0, K
3x + x − x = 0.
1 2 3
λ= .
4. A ´n ¢é¡Ý , ÷v A3 − 3A2 + 3A − 2E = 0. K A A Š• .
!)‰K.
1. ( 10 ©) k‚5•§|
x1 + λx2 + µx3 + x4 = 0;
2x1 + x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 0;
3x + (2 + λ)x + (4 + µ)x + 4x = 1.
1 2 3 4
2. ( 10 ©) zÝ
3 −4 0 0
4 −5 0 0
A=
0
0 3 −2
0 0 2 −1
•e (Jordan) IO/.
3. ( 10 ©)
1 −2 2
A=
−2 4 .
−4
2 −4 4
¦ Ý T ¦ T 0 AT = T −1 AT •é .
4. ( 10 ©) ®• P 2×2 ‚5C†
A (X) = M X − XM,
!
1 2
Ù¥M = , X ∈ P 2×2 . ¦‚5C† A ؆Š•.
0 3
34
5. ( 10 ©)
1 0 0
A=
0 1 ,
0
3 1 2
W = B|B ∈ P 3×3 , AB = BA .
¦W ‘ꆘ|Ä.
6. ( 20 ©) A ´Eê•þ • , y²:
(1) A A Šþ•" …= •3 ê m, ¦
Am = 0;
(d? E L«† A Ó ü Ý ).
7. ( 20 ©) y²:
(x2 + x + 1)(x2015 + x2014 + 1).
8. ( 20 ©) ¢ g.
s
X 2
f (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) = (ai1 x1 + ai2 x2 + · · · + ain xn ) ,
i=1
35
18. Ü ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê
o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
˜!W˜K (z K 5 ©, K 30 ©)
!)‰K.
3. ( 10 ©) OŽe¡1 ª Š:
1 3 3 3 ··· 3
3 2 3 3 ··· 3
3 3 3 3 ··· 3
.
3 3 3 4 ··· 3
.. .. .. .. ..
. . . . .
3 3 3 3 ··· n
Â
A (f (x)) = 3f (x) + xf 0 (x).
5. ( 15 ©) ®•Ý
36
2 −4 2 2
−2 0 3 1
A=
−2
,
−2 3 3
−2 −6 3 7
V = V1 ⊕ W1 = V1 ⊕ W2 .
7. ( 15 ©)
1 0 1
A=
0 1 ,
1
−1 0 a
(λE − A)X = 0,
Ù¥ X • n ‘ •þ.
r(A2 ) = r(A3 ).
37